Project Gutenberg 2003-11-01 Public domain in the USA. 234 Toynbee, Arnold 1889 1975 Toynbee, Arnold Joseph Toynbee, Arnold J. Turkey: a Past and a Future Reading ease score: 52.4 (10th to 12th grade). Somewhat difficult to read. E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, L. Barber, and Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders "Turkey: A Past and a Future" by A.J. Toynbee is a historical account written in the early 20th century. The text explores the complex historical, cultural, and ethnic landscape of Turkey, particularly in the context of its transformation during and after World War I. It delves into the various peoples and civilizations that have shaped Turkey's past, as well as the Ottoman Empire's multifaceted nature, revealing both its historical significance and its contemporary challenges. The opening of the work sets the stage by illustrating Turkey's rich tapestry of landscapes and cities while acknowledging the diverse range of ethnic groups that reside within its borders. Toynbee describes the geographic variety of the region, from the deserts of Mesopotamia to the highlands of Armenia, and discusses the cities that have served as cultural and commercial hubs through the ages, such as Constantinople and Aleppo. He emphasizes the tensions arising from the empire's ethnic diversity and the effects of war and government policies on this intricate societal fabric. Overall, the opening portrays a nation marked by its complexities and contradictions, establishing a foundation for understanding Turkey's past and future. (This is an automatically generated summary.) en Eastern question World War, 1914-1918 -- Turkey Turkey -- History D501 Text Browsing: History - European Browsing: History - General 169483 169332 2024-10-05T04:07:15.167236 2023-10-05T05:10:38.907672 text/html text/html 169476 169325 2024-10-05T04:07:15.397210 2023-10-05T05:10:39.055682 text/html text/html 133479 2024-10-05T04:07:21.283215 application/epub+zip 134490 2024-10-05T04:07:18.293197 application/epub+zip 125935 2024-10-05T04:07:17.163151 application/epub+zip 269872 2024-10-05T04:07:23.534130 application/x-mobipocket-ebook 258413 2024-10-05T04:07:20.622205 application/x-mobipocket-ebook 185823 2022-09-05T07:11:17.624576 application/x-mobipocket-ebook 154954 154878 2024-10-05T04:07:14.849178 2023-10-05T05:10:38.723713 text/plain; charset=us-ascii text/plain 156153 2020-12-19T15:47:25 text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 60087 2020-12-19T15:47:25 text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 application/zip 156158 2020-12-19T15:47:25 text/plain; charset=us-ascii 60036 2020-12-19T15:47:25 text/plain; charset=us-ascii application/zip 21230 2024-10-05T04:07:23.655138 application/rdf+xml 14050 2024-10-05T04:07:17.703244 image/jpeg 3762 2024-10-05T04:07:17.435192 image/jpeg 133025 2024-10-05T04:07:15.412236 application/octet-stream application/zip Archives containing the RDF files for *all* our books can be downloaded at https://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Gutenberg:Feeds#The_Complete_Project_Gutenberg_Catalog en.wikipedia