The Project Gutenberg eBook of Twenty This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: Twenty Author: Stella Benson Release date: June 1, 2004 [eBook #12643] Most recently updated: December 15, 2020 Language: English Credits: E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Susan Lucy, and Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWENTY *** E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Susan Lucy, and Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders TWENTY BY STELLA BENSON Author of "This Is the End," "I Pose" 1918 PREFACE Almost all the verses in this book have appeared before, the majority of them included in two books, _I Pose_ and _This is the End_. Messrs. Macmillan, who published these, have been kind in raising no objection to re-publication. I have also to thank the Editors of the _Athenaeum, Everyman_, and the _Pall Mall Gazette_ for allowing me to reprint verses. The title of the book has no reference to the writer's age. S.B. CONTENTS PAGE CHRISTMAS, 1917 1 THE SECRET DAY 3 SONG 6 THE ORCHARD 8 THANKS TO MY WORLD FOR THE LOAN OF A FAIR DAY 11 SONG 13 WORDS 15 REDNECK'S SONG 17 TO THE UNBORN 19 THE NEWER ZION 21 TWO WOMEN SING 26 THE WOMAN ALONE 28 THE INEVITABLE 30 THE DOG TUPMAN 32 SAINT BRIDE 34 THE SLAVE OF GOD 36 TRUE PROMISES 40 THE CORNISHMAN 43 FIVE SMOOTH STONES 45 NEW YEAR, 1918 51 CHRISTMAS, 1917 A key no thief can steal, no time can rust; A faery door, adventurous and golden; A palace, perfect to our eyes--Ah must Our eyes be holden? Has the past died before this present sin? Has this most cruel age already stonèd To martyrdom that magic Day, within Those halls, enthronèd? No. Through the dancing of the young spring rain, Through the faint summer, and the autumn's burning, Our still immortal Day has heard again Our steps returning. THE SECRET DAY My yesterday has gone, has gone and left me tired, And now to-morrow comes and beats upon the door; So I have built To-day, the day that I desired, Lest joy come not again, lest peace return no more, Lest comfort come no more. So I have built To-day, a proud and perfect day, And I have built the towers of cliffs upon the sands; The foxgloves and the gorse I planted on my way; The thyme, the velvet thyme, grew up beneath my hands, Grew pink beneath my hands. So I have built To-day, more precious than a dream; And I have painted peace upon the sky above; And I have made immense and misty seas, that seem More kind to me than life, more fair to me than love-- More beautiful than love. And I have built a house--a house upon the brink Of high and twisted cliffs; the sea's low singing fills it; And there my Secret Friend abides, and there I think I'll hide my heart away before to-morrow kills it-- A cold to-morrow kills it. Yes, I have built To-day, a wall against To-morrow, So let To-morrow knock--I shall not be afraid, For none shall give me death, and none shall give me sorrow, And none shall spoil this darling day that I have made. No storm shall stir my sea. No night but mine shall shade This day that I have made. SONG There is the track my feet have worn By which my fate may find me: From that dim place where I was born Those footprints run behind me. Uncertain was the trail I left, For--oh, the way was stormy; But now this splendid sea has cleft My journey from before me. Three things the sea shall never end, Three things shall mock its power: My singing soul, my Secret Friend, And this, my perfect hour. And you shall seek me till you reach The tangled tide advancing, And you shall find upon the beach The traces of my dancing, And in the air the happy speech Of Secret Friends romancing. THE ORCHARD I will repent me of my ways; I will come here and bury Five thousand odd superfluous days Beneath a flow'ring cherry. Between a pear and a cherry tree My temple I will enter-- My place, where even I may be The altar and the centre. One altar to a thousand aisles, A hundred thousand arches ... The loud lamb-choir about me files, The bleating bishop marches, The congregation kneels and nods, The bishop leads its praises, So I'll pray too, to their dim gods Whose feet are decked with daisies: _Ah, let me not grow old. Ah, let Me not grow old, and falter In my delusion, or forget My heart was once an altar. Let me still think myself a star With these my rays about me; Pretend these green perspectives are All purposeless without me._ _Ah, bid the sun stand still. Ah, bid The coming night retire, And all the good I ever did Shall feed your altar fire; The hour shall stand and sing your praise, The minute shall adore you, And my ten thousand unborn days I'll sacrifice before you._ _Gods of great joy, and little grief, See--I will wear as token A pear leaf and a cherry leaf Until this pledge be broken_.... Between a pear and a cherry tree A cold hand touched my shoulder-- _Ah, my false gods have forsaken me, I am a minute older_. THANKS TO MY WORLD FOR THE LOAN OF A FAIR DAY That day you wrought for me Shone, and was ended. Perfect your thought for me, Whom you befriended. Such joy was new to me-- New, and most splendid, More than was due to me. More than was due to me. Though I do wrong to you, Having no power, Singing no song to you, Bringing no flower, Yet does my youth again Thrill, for the hour Cometh in truth again. Cometh in truth again. I shall possess to-day All I have wanted, All I lacked yesterday Now shall be granted. No longer dumb to you, Changed and enchanted, Singing I'll come to you. Singing I'll come to you. I will amass for you Very great treasure. Swift years shall pass for you Dancing for pleasure. Time shall be slave to me, Giving--full measure-- All that you gave to me. All that you gave to me. SONG If I have dared to surrender some imitation of splendour, Something I knew that was tender, something I loved that was brave, If in my singing I showed songs that I heard on my road, Were they not debts that I owed, rather than gifts that I gave? If certain hours on their climb up the long ladder of time Turned my confusion to rhyme, drove me to dare an attempt, If by fair chance I might seem sometimes abreast of my theme, Was I translating a dream? Was it a dream that you dreamt? High and miraculous skies bless and astonish my eyes; All my dead secrets arise, all my dead stories come true. Here is the Gate to the Sea. Once you unlocked it for me; Now, since you gave me the key, shall I unlock it for you? WORDS Oh words, oh words, and shall you rule The world? What is it but the tongue That doth proclaim a man a fool, So that his best songs go unsung, So that his dreams are sent to school And all die young. There pass the trav'lling dreams, and these My soul adores--my words condemn-- Oh, I would fall upon my knees To kiss their golden garments' hem, Yet words do lie in wait to seize And murder them. To-night the swinging stars shall plumb The silence of the sky. And herds Of plumèd winds like huntsmen come To hunt with dreams the restless birds. To-night the moon shall strike you dumb, Oh words, oh words.... REDNECK'S SONG These thirty years Old men have filled my ears With middle-aged ideas That never have been young, They made me wise. I learnt to whitewash lies. I learnt to shut my eyes, And hold my tongue. Damned Philistine. And was it then so fine To learn to draw the line. (Is there a line to draw?) And must I then For threescore years and ten Worship the laws of men Who worshipped law? Those laws are dust To-day, and yet I must Be faithful still, and trust In what dead men did prove. Magic may kill Their wisdom and their will, Yet I must follow still Their path ... my groove.... TO THE UNBORN Oh, bend your eyes, nor send your glance about. Oh, watch your feet, nor stray beyond the kerb. Oh, bind your heart lest it find secrets out. For thus no punishment Of magic shall disturb Your very great content. Oh, shut your lips to words that are forbidden. Oh, throw away your sword, nor think to fight. Seek not the best, the best is better hidden. Thus need you have no fear, No terrible delight Shall cross your path, my dear. Call no man foe, but never love a stranger. Build up no plan, nor any star pursue. Go forth with crowds; in loneliness is danger. Thus nothing God can send, And nothing God can do Shall pierce your peace, my friend. THE NEWER ZION When I achieve the chestnut joke of dying, When I slip through that Gate at Kensal Green, Shall I go spoil the fantasy by prying Behind the staging of this darling scene? Shall I--a cast-off puppet--seek to study The Showman who manipulates the strings, The Hand that paints the western drop-scene ruddy, The prosy truths of all these faery things? Shall I--self-conscious by a glassy ocean-- Stammer strange songs amid an alien host? Or shall I not, refusing such promotion, Bequeath to London my contented ghost? I will come back to my Eternal City; Her fogs once more my countenance shall dim; I will enliven your austere committee With gossip gleaned among the cherubim. By day I'll tread again the sounding mazes, By night I'll track the moths about the Park; My feet shall fall among the dusky daisies, Nor break nor bruise a petal in the dark. I will repeat old inexpensive orgies; Drink nectar at the bun-shop in Shoreditch, Or call for Nut-Ambrosia at St. George's, And with a ghost-tip make the waitress rich. My soundless feet shall fly among the runners Through the red thunders of a Zeppelin raid, My still voice cheer the Anti-Aircraft gunners, The fires shall glare--but I shall cast no shade. And if a Shadow, wading in the torrent Of high excitement, snatch me from the riot-- (Fool that he is)--and fumble with his warrant, And hail a hearse, and beg me to "Go quiet," Mocking I'll go, and he shall be postillion, Until we reach the Keeper of the Door: "H'm ... Benson ... Stella ... militant civilian ... There's some mistake, we've had this soul before...." * * * * * * Ah, none shall keep my soul from this its Zion; Lost in the spaces I shall hear and bless The splendid voice of London, like a lion Calling its lover in the wilderness. TWO WOMEN SING FIRST WOMAN Oh woman--woman--woman,-- Shall I to woman be a friend? I deal with man, and when I can Reclaim with interest all I lend. Who but a witless gambler plays For farthing stakes these golden days? No, woman--woman--woman-- Must only play the game that pays. SECOND WOMAN Oh woman--woman--woman,-- To-morrow woman shall awake. She shall arise, and realise The goodly value of her stake. And she shall lend her loan, and claim Her rightful interest on the same. So woman--woman--woman-- Shall learn at last the paying game. THE WOMAN ALONE My eyes are girt with outer mists; My ears sing shrill, and this I bless; My finger-nails do bite my fists In ecstasy of loneliness. This I intend, and this I want, That--passing--you may only mark A dumb soul with its confidant Entombed together in the dark. The hoarse church-bells of London ring; The hoarser horns of London croak; The poor brown lives of London cling About the poor brown streets like smoke; The deep air stands above my roof Like water, to the floating stars. My Friend and I--we sit aloof,-- We sit and smile, and bind our scars. For you may wound and you may kill-- It's such a little thing to die-- Your cruel God may work his will, We do not care, my Friend and I. Though, at the gate of Paradise, Peter the Saint withhold his keys, My Friend and I--we have no eyes For Heav'n or Hell--or dreams like these.... THE INEVITABLE _There is a sword, a fatal blade, Unthwarted, subtle as the air, And I could meet it unafraid If I might only meet it fair. Yet how I wonder why the Smith Who wrought that steel of subtle grain Should also be contented with So blunt and mean a thing as pain_. The stars and fire-flies dance in rings. The fire-flies set my heart alight, Like fingers, writing magic things In flame, upon the wall of night. There is high meaning in the skies-- (The stars and fire-flies--high and low--) And all the spangled world is wise With knowledge that I almost know. To-morrow I will don my cloak Of opal-grey, and I will stand Where the palm-shadows stride like smoke Across the dazzle of the sand. To-morrow I will throw this blind Blind whiteness from my soul away, And pluck this blackness from my mind, And only leave the medium--grey. To-morrow I will cry for gains Upon the blue and brazen sky. The precious venom in my veins To-morrow will be parched and dry. To-morrow it shall be my goal To throw myself away from me, To lose the outline of my soul Against the greyness of the sea. THE DOG TUPMAN Oh little friend of half my days, My little friend, who followed me Along those crooked sullen ways That only you had eyes to see. You felt the same. You understood You too, defensive and morose, Encloaked your secret puppyhood-- Your secret heart--and hid them close. For I alone have seen you serve, Disciple of those early springs, With ears awry and tail a-curve You lost yourself in puppy things. And you saw me. You bore in mind The clean and sunny things I felt When, throwing hate along the wind, I flashed the lantern at my belt. The moment passed, and we returned To barren words and old cold truth, Yet in our hearts our lanterns burned, We two had seen each other's youth. When filthy pain did wrap me round Your upright ears I always saw, And on my outflung hand I found The blessing of your horny paw; And yet--oh impotence of men-- My paw, more soft but not more wise, Old friend, was lacking to you when You looked your crisis in the eyes.... You shared my youth, oh faithful friend, You let me share your puppyhood; So, if I failed you in the end, My friend, my friend, you understood. SAINT BRIDE About your brow a starry wreath, About your feet a wilderness, Where young hot hopes grow cold beneath The tangled bondage of the press. Set like a saint within a niche-- A strait and narrow niche--you hide, And weave a veil about you, which Can turn our steel, Saint Bride, Saint Bride. The eyes of coarse and pond'rous man Are sceptic and satirical. "_What, little saint, and still you scan Old heaven for that miracle?_" Oh heart deceived, yet harmèd not, Child-widow of a truth that died, Bearer in mind of things forgot, Bride of a dream, Saint Bride, Saint Bride. About you and about you thunders The wise young public on its 'bus, Exploding all your faery blunders, Explaining neatly--"_Thus and thus Hath science banished heaven now, And see--your Groom is crucified--_" On heaven's breast you lean your brow And laugh, and love--Saint Bride, Saint Bride. THE SLAVE OF GOD The finest fruit God ever made Hangs from the Tree of Heaven blue. It hangs above the steel sea blade That cuts the world's great globe in two. The keenest eye that ever saw Stares out of Heaven into mine, Spins out my heart, and seems to draw My soul's elastic very fine. The greatest beacon ever fired Stands up on Heaven's Hill to show The limit of the thing desired, Beyond which man may never go. * * * * * * At midnight, when the night did dance Along the hours that led to morning, I saw a little boat advance Towards the great moon's beacon warning. (The moon, God's Slave, who lights her torch, Lest men should slip between the bars, And run aground on Heav'n, and scorch To death upon a bank of stars.) The little boat, on leaning keel, Sang up the mountains of the sea, Bearing a man who hoped to steal God's Slave from out eternity. "_My love, I see you through my tears. No pity in your face I see. I have sailed far across the years: Stretch out, stretch out your arms to me._ "_My love, I have an island seen, So shadowed, God's most piercing star Shall never see where we have been, Shall never whisper where we are._ "_There we will wander, you and I, Down guilty and delightful ways, While palm-trees plait their fingers high Against your God's enormous gaze._ "_For oh--the joy of two and two Your Paradise shall never see, The ecstasy of me and you, The white delight of you and me._ "_I know the penalty--the clutch Of God's great rocks upon my keel. Drowned in the ocean of Too Much-- So ends your thief--yet let me steal...._" The Slave of God she froze her face, The Slave of God she paid no heed, And, thund'ring down high Heaven's space, Loud angels mocked the sailor's greed. The diamond sun arose, and tossed A billion gems across the sea. "_The Slave of God is lost, is lost, The Slave of God is lost to me...._" He grounded on the common beach, He trod the little towns of men, And God removèd from his reach The cup of Heaven's passion then, And gave him vulgar love and speech, And gave him threescore years and ten. TRUE PROMISES You promised War and Thunder and Romance. You promised true, but we were very blind And very young, and in our ignorance We never called to mind That truth is seldom kind. You promised love, immortal as a star. You promised true, yet how the truth can lie! For now we grope for hands where no hands are, And, deathless, still we cry, Nor hope for a reply. You promised harvest and a perfect yield. You promised true, for on the harvest morn, Behold a reaper strode across the field, And man of woman born Was gathered in as corn. You promised honour and ordeal by flame. You promised true. In joy we trembled lest We should be found unworthy when it came; But--oh--we never guessed The fury of the test! You promised friends and songs and festivals. You promised true. Our friends, who still are young, Assemble for their feasting in those halls Where speaks no human tongue. And thus our songs are sung. THE CORNISHMAN At sunset, when the high sea span About the rocks a web of foam, I saw the ghost of a Cornishman Come home. I saw the ghost of a Cornishman Run from the weariness of war, I heard him laughing as he ran Across his unforgotten shore. The great cliff, gilded by the west, Received him as an honoured guest. The green sea, shining in the bay, Did drown his dreadful yesterday. Come home, come home, you million ghosts, The honest years shall make amends, The sun and moon shall be your hosts, The everlasting hills your friends. And some shall seek their mothers' faces, And some shall run to trysting places, And some to towns, and others yet Shall find great forests in their debt. Oh, I would siege the golden coasts Of space, and climb high heaven's dome, So I might see those million ghosts Come home. FIVE SMOOTH STONES It was young David, lord of sheep and cattle, Pursued his fate, the April fields among, Singing a song of solitary battle, A loud mad song, for he was very young. Vivid the air--and something more than vivid,-- Tall clouds were in the sky--and something more,-- The light horizon of the spring was livid With a steel smile that showed the teeth of war. It was young David mocked the Philistine. It was young David laughed beside the river. There came his mother--his and yours and mine-- With five smooth stones, and dropped them in his quiver. You never saw so green-and-gold a fairy. You never saw such very April eyes. She sang him sorrow's song to make him wary, She gave him five smooth stones to make him wise. _The first stone is love, and that shall fail you. The second stone is hate, and that shall fail you. The third stone is knowledge, and that shall fail you. The fourth stone is prayer, and that shall fail you. The fifth stone shall not fail you_. For what is love, O lovers of my tribe? And what is love, O women of my day? Love is a farthing piece, a bloody bribe Pressed in the palm of God--and thrown away. And what is hate, O fierce and unforgiving? And what shall hate achieve, when all is said? A silly joke that cannot reach the living, A spitting in the faces of the dead. And what is knowledge, O young men who tasted The reddest fruit on that forbidden tree? Knowledge is but a painful effort wasted, A bitter drowning in a bitter sea. And what is prayer, O waiters for the answer? And what is prayer, O seekers of the cause? Prayer is the weary soul of Herod's dancer, Dancing before blind kings without applause. The fifth stone is a magic stone, my David, Made up of fear and failure, lies and loss. Its heart is lead, and on its face is gravèd A crookèd cross, my son, a crookèd cross. It has no dignity to lend it value; No purity--alas, it bears a stain. You shall not give it gratitude, nor shall you Recall it all your days, except with pain. Oh, bless your blindness, glory in your groping! Mock at your betters with an upward chin! And when the moment has gone by for hoping, Sling your fifth stone, O son of mine, and win. Grief do I give you, grief and dreadful laughter; Sackcloth for banner, ashes in your wine. Go forth, go forth, nor ask me what comes after; The fifth stone shall not fail you, son of mine. GO FORTH, GO FORTH, AND SLAY THE PHILISTINE. NEW YEAR, 1918 A song I never heard I must rehearse, Counting each hour a word, Counting each day a verse. Not of my proper choice Raise I my voice, While others--fierce and strong-- Raise theirs to drown my song. Must I then sing aloud, Faint as a bird, And, like a bird, be proud To sing--to sing unheard? Weary and very weak, Shall I then seek A hearing, idiot-wise, From the unhearing skies? Drowning my whispered dreams, Great voices cry. They sing their songs, it seems, With better heart than I. Hush--I can hear Death sing-- "_Here is my sting_." And the Grave echo--"_See, Here is my victory_" To-night the heavens bend A little nearer. The singer is my friend, And I--at last--the hearer. No more to sing alone A song unknown,-- Hush--very tense and thin, The dawn-like notes begin. * * * * * Crown 8vo. 6s. net. I POSE BY STELLA BENSON Sir Henry Lucy writes: "One of the brightest, most original, and best-written books that have come my way for a long time." "Even the dullest can hardly fail to respond to the brilliant humour of the book. As the mature work of an experienced author it would have been a remarkable achievement; being 'the first book of a new writer' it is an astonishing performance."--_Daily Graphic_. "This book is a fantasy, an absurdity, a dream charged with purpose; it has wit and humour, and some deep feeling covered with the gossamer of irresponsibility; it is an act of rebellion, an edged complaint, a protest touched with flame.... There are epigrams and sentences that read like a sob or a stab."--_ Daily Chronicle._ "For its sheer cleverness the book is a delightful thing."--_Daily News_. LONDON: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. Crown 8vo. 6s. net. THIS IS THE END BY STELLA BENSON "Miss Benson has a delicious sense of humour, and her way of describing people and things is most refreshing. With her sympathy, her realism, her wit and ability, it would seem that Miss Benson's possibilities are limitless."--_The Bookman_. "In her second book she not only makes good, but betrays a ripening talent."--_Daily Telegraph._ "The book shows one thing very clearly, that Miss Benson is a force to be reckoned with."--_Pall Mall Gazette_. "It is the second step of a very brilliant beginning ... You will be foolish if you miss this book."--_Punch_. "She has unusual originality, illuminating wit, deep feeling, and a gift for startling epigram."--_Daily Graphic_. LONDON: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWENTY *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license. Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that: • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works. • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate. While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate. Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org. This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.