Title : Arthur
Editor : Frederick James Furnivall
Release date
: October 10, 2005 [eBook #16845]
Most recently updated: December 12, 2020
Language : English, Middle English
Credits
: Produced by David Starner, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
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Copied and Edited From the Marquis of Bath's MS.
by
Frederick J. Furnivall, M.A., Camb.
Editor of De Borron's and Lonelich's "History of the Holy Graal," Walter Map's "Queste Del Saint Graal," Etc. Etc.
London:
Published for the Early English Text Society,
by Trübner & Co., 60, Paternoster Row.
MDCCCLXIV
As one of the chief objects of the Early English Text Society is to print every Early English Text relating to Arthur, the Committee have decided that this short sketch of the British hero's life shall form one of the first issue of the Society's publications. The six hundred and forty-two English lines here printed occur in an incomplete Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Britain, bound up with many other valuable pieces in a MS. belonging to the Marquis of Bath. The old chronicler has dealt with Uther Pendragon, and Brounsteele (Excalibur), and is narrating Arthur's deeds, when, as if feeling that Latin prose was no fit vehicle for telling of Arthur, king of men, he breaks out into English verse,
"Herkeneþ, þat loueþ hono ur ,
Of kyng Arthour & hys labo ur ."
The story he tells is an abstract, with omissions, of the earlier version of Geoffry of Monmouth, before the love of Guinevere for Lancelot was introduced by the French-writing English romancers of the Lionheart's time (so far as I know), into the Arthur tales. The fact of Mordred's being Arthur's son, begotten by him on his sister, King Lot's wife, is also omitted; so that the story is just that of a British king founding the Round Table, conquering Scotland, Ireland, Gothland, and divers parts of France, killing a giant from Spain, [pg vi] beating Lucius the Emperor of Rome, and returning home to lose his own life, after the battle in which the traitor whom he had trusted, and who has seized his queen and his land, was slain.
"He that will more look,
Read on the French book,"
says our verse-writer: and to that the modern reader must still be referred, or to the translations of parts of it, which we hope to print or reprint, and that most pleasantly jumbled abstract of its parts by Sir Thomas Maleor, Knight, which has long been the delight of many a reader,—though despised by the stern old Ascham, whose Scholemaster was to turn it out of the land.—There the glory of the Holy Grail will be revealed to him; there the Knight of God made known; there the only true lovers in the world will tell their loves and kiss their kisses before him; and the Fates which of old enforced the penalty of sin will show that their arm is not shortened, and that though the brave and guilty king fights well and gathers all the glory of the world around him, yet still the sword is over his head, and, for the evil that he has done, his life and vain imaginings must pass away in dust and confusion.
Of the language of the Poem there is little to say: its dialect is Southern, as shown by the verbal plural th , the vyve for five, zyx for six, ych for I, har (their), ham (them), for her, hem ; hulle, dude, ȝut , for hill, did, yet, the infinitive in y (rekeny) , etc. Of its poetical merits, every reader will judge for himself; but that it has power in some parts I hope few will deny. Arthur's answer to Lucius, and two lines in the duel with Frollo,
"There was no word y-spoke,
But eche had other by the throte,"
are to be noted. Parts of the MS. have very much faded since it was written some ten or twenty years before 1450, so that a [pg vii] few of the words are queried in the print. The MS. contains a few metrical points and stops, which I have here printed between parentheses (). The expansions of the contractions are printed in italics, but the ordinary doubt whether the final lined n or u —for they are often undistinguishable—is to be printed n e , n ne , or u n , exists here too.
I am indebted to Mr. Sims, of the Manuscript Department of the British Museum, for pointing out the Poem to me, and to the Marquis of Bath for his kind permission to copy it for printing.
3, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn,
London, W.C., August 30, 1864.
BEF. 1450 A.D.
[The Latin side notes in italics, and the stops of the text in parentheses (), are those of the MS.]
Herkeneþ, þat loueþ hono ur , [Fol. 42 b .]
Of kyng Arthour & hys labo ur ;
And furst how he was bygete, How Arthur was begotten
As þ a t we in bok is do rede. 4
Vther pendragon e was hys fader, by Pendragon on Ygerne.
And ygerne was hys Moder.
Pendragon e ys in walysch e
'Dragones heed' on Englysch e ; Pendragon ( t.i. Dragon's Head) made two painted dragons, 8
He maked ypeynted dragon e s two;
Oon schold byfore him goo
Whan he went to batayle,
Whan he wold hys foes sayle; 12
That other abood at wynchester,
Euermore stylle there.
Bretones ȝaf hym þ a t Name, and thence had his name.
Vther Pendragon e þe same, 16
For þat skyle fer & nere
Euer-more hyt to here.
The Erles wyff of Cornewayle How Uther loved the Earl of Cornwall's wife,
He loued to Muche sanz fayle; 20
[pg 2 - Arthur Has the Round Table Made.]Merlyn wyþ hys sotelnesse
Turned vtheris lyknesse,
And maked hym lyche þe Erl anone,
And wyþ hys wyff (:) his wyll e to done 24
In þe cou n tre of Cornewell e :
In þe Castel of Tyntagell e ,
Thus vther, yf y schall e nat lye,
Bygat Arthour in avowtrye. 28 and begat Arthur in adultery.
Whan vther Pendragon e was deed,
Arthour anon was y-crowned; Arthur is crowned,
He was courteys, large, & Gent
to alle puple verrament; 32
Beaute, Myȝt, amyable chere
To alle Men ferre and neere;
Hys port (;) hys ȝyftes gentyll e
Maked hym y-loved wyll e ; 36 is loved of all,
Ech mon was glad of hys p re sence,
And drade to do hym dysplesau n ce;
A stronger Man of hys honde is strong
was neuer founde on any londe, 40
As courteys as any Mayde:— and courteous.
Þus wryteþ of hym þ a t hym a-sayde. [Fol. 42 b . col. 2.]
At Cayrlyon e , wyt h oute fable,
he let make þe Rou n de table: 44 He makes the Round Table,
And why þ a t he maked hyt þus,
Þis was þe resou n y-wyss,—
Þat no man schulde sytt aboue other, that all at it might be equal.
ne haue indignaciou n of hys broþ er ; 48
And alle hadde (.)oo(.) seruyse,
For no pryde scholde aryse
For any degree of syttynge,
Oþer for any seruynge:— 52
Þus he kept þe table Rou n de
Whyle he leuyd on þe grou n de.
After he hadde conquered skotlond After his first conquests
yrland & Gotland, 56
[pg 3 - He Fights Frollo for France.]Þan leuyd he at þe best he lives twelve years in peace,
twelf ȝeeris on all e reste
Wyþoute werre (:) tyll e at þe laste
he þouȝt to make (.)a(.) nywe con queste. 60
Into Frau n ce wyþ gode cou n ceyle and then invades France.
he wolde weende (:) & hyt assayle,
Þat Rome þo kept vnder Myght,
Vnder Frollo (:) a worthy knyght 64
Þ a t frau n ce hadde þo to kepe,
To rywle, defende, & to lede.
Arthour and Frollo fouȝt in feld; He beats Frollo back to Paris,
Þere deyde many vnder scheld. 68
Frollo in-to Paryss fly,
W y th strenkthe kept hyt wysely:
Arthour byseged þ a t Syte & town and there besieges him, till
Tyll e þeire vytayl was y-doon. 72
Frollo þat worthy knyght Frollo challenges him to single combat.
Proferyd w y t h Artho ur for to fyght
Vnder þis wyse & condiciou n ,—
"Ho hadde þe Maystrie (:) haue þe crown; 76
And no mo men but þey two."
Þe day Was sett (:) to-geder þey go: They fight:
Fayr hyt was to byholde
In suche two knyȝghteȝ bolde: 80
Þer was no word y-spoke,
But eche hadde other by þe þrote;
Þey smote w y t h trou n chou n & w y t h swerd;
Þat hyt seye were a-ferd; 84 [Fol. 43.]
Frollo fouȝt wyþ hys ax (:) as men dude se; (Frollo with his axe)
He hytt Arthour (:) so sore (:) þ a t he felle on kne.
He ros vp raply (:) and smot hym full e sore;
He dude hym to grent a (.) soueȝ 1 þ er fore. 88
thus they hyw on helmes hye,
And schatered on wyþ scheldes.
Þe puple by-gan to crye
Þat stood on þe feldes; 92
[pg 4 - Arthur Returns Victorious to Britain,]ther ne wyst no man, as y can ler e ,
Who of ham two was þe better e þer e .
Arthour was chafed & wexed wroth e , till Arthur in wrath takes Brownsteel,
He hente brou n steell e | and to Frollo goth e 96
Brou n stell e was heuy & also kene; Caliburn us Arthuri Gladius [with a sketch thereof in the MS.]
Fra m þe schulder(:) to þe syde went bytwene
Off frollo | and þan he fell to þe grou n de
Ryȝt as he moste | deed(.) in lyte stou n de. 100 and strikes Frollo dead.
Frensch e men made doell e & wept full e faste;
Þeir Crowne of frau n ce þere þey loste.
Than wente Arthour in-to paryse Arthur takes Paris.
And toke þe castell e & þe town at hys avyse. 104
Worschuped be god of hys grete grace Glory to God.
Þ a t þus ȝeueþ fortune(:) and worschup to þe Reme;
Thanke ȝe hym all e þ a t beþ on þis place,
And seyeþ a Pater noster w y t h out any Beeme. 108 Say ye a Pater Noster therefore.
Pater noster.
Artho ur fram paryse went w y t h hys Rowte,
And co n quered þe Cou n tre on euery syde aboute; Arthur conquers the countries around,
Angeoy 2 , Peytow, Berry, & Gaskoyne,
Nauerne, Burgon e | Loreyn & Toreyne; 112
He dau n ted þe proude | & hawted þe poure;
He dwelt long in Paryss after in honoure;
He was drad and loued in cou n treis abowte;
Heyest & lowest hym Loved & alowte; 116
And vpon an Esto ur tyme sone afterward
He fested hys knyght is & ȝaf ham gret reward; distributes them among his knights,
To hys styward he ȝaf Angers & Au n geye;
To Bedewer hys botyler he ȝaf Norma n dye; 120
He ȝaf to Holdyne flau n drys parde;
To Borel hys Cosyn, Boloyne þe cyte;
And eche man, after þe astat þat he was,
He rewarded hem alle, boþe More & lasse, 124
And ȝaf hem reward, boþe lond and Fee,
And turned to Breteyn, to Carlyo n e ayhe. and returns to Britain.
[pg 5 - And Then Holds a Great Feast.]Artho ur wolde of hono ur [Fol. 43 b , col. 1.]
Hold a fest at Eestour 128 Arthur gives an Easter Feast
Of regalye & worthynesse,
And feede alle hys frendess;
And sende Messanger
To kynges ferre & neer 132
Þat were to hym Omager,
to come to þis Dyner.
And alle at oo certeyn day
They come þyder in gode aray, 136
And kept þeire Ceson e
At þe Castell e Cayrlyon e . at Carlyon, greater than ere before.
Thys fest was Muche Moore
Þan euere Artho ur made a-fore; 140
For þere was Vrweyn þe kynge Ten kings were there,
Of scottes at þat dynynge,
Stater þe kyng of south wales,
Cadwell e þe kyng of north waleȝ, 144
Gwylmar þe kyng of yrland,
Dolmad þe kyng of guthland,
Malgan of yselond also,
Archyl of De n march þ er to, 148
Aloth e þe kyng of Norwey,
Souenas þe kyng of Orkenye,
Of Breteyn þe kyng Hoel,
Cador Erl of Cornewell e , 152 and thirteen earls
Morice þe Erl of Gloucestr e ,
Marran Erl of Wy n chestre,
Gwergou n d Erl of herford,
Booȝ Erl of Oxenford, 156
Of bathe vngent þe Erl also, (including him of Bath),
Cursal of Chestr e þer-to,
Euerad Erl of salesbury, 3
Kynmar Erl of Canterbury, 160
Jonas þe Erl of Dorcestre,
[pg 6 - Arthur's Guests at Cayrlyone.]Valence þe Erl of sylchestr e ,
Jugeyn of Leyccer [?] þ er to,
Argal of warwyk also,— 164
Kynges & Erles Echon
Þes wer e ; & many anoþ er goom with many other gentles great,
Gret of astaat, & þe beste,
Þes were at þe Feste. 168
Other also gentyls grete
Were þere at þat Meete,
Sauer appon Donand,
Regeym & Alard, 172
Reyneȝ fitȝ Colys,
Tade us fitȝ Reis,
Delyn fitȝ Dauid,
Kymbelyn le fitȝ Gryffith, 176
Gryffitȝ þe Sone of Nagand,
Þes were þer e also theoband:
Alle þes were þere w y t h oute fable,
W y t h oute ham of þe rou n de table. 180 besides the Round Tablers,
Thre archebusschopes þ er wer e also, Archbishops,
And other busschopes many mo— Bishops,
All e þis mayne were nat al-oone;
W y t h ham com many a Goome. 184
Þis feste dured dayes þre
In reuell e & sole m pnite.
Of by ȝonde þe See also and many from beyond the sea.
Many lordez[?] were þere þo. 188
Now resteþ alle wyþ Me,
And say a Pater & Ave.
Pater noster.
The þrydde day folowyng
The n coom nywe tydynge, 192
Þe whyle þey sete at þe Mete
Messagers were In ylete; To the feasters came messengers from the Roman Emperor,
Well e arayd forsoþe þey come,
& send fram cite of Rome 196
[pg 7 - Lucius's Message to Arthur.]Wyþ l ett res of þe Emp er oures
Whas name was Lucies. luci us.
Þes l ett res were opened & vnfold,
And þe tydyng e to alle men told, 200
Whas sentence, yf y ne lye,
Was after þ a t y can aspye:
¶ Luci u s þe grete Emp er our L ite ra Lucii i m p er at oris .
To hys Enemy Arthour:— 204
We woundereþ of þi wodeness
And also of þy Madnesse!
How darst þow any wyse
Aȝenst the Emp er o ur þ u s aryse, 208 saying, that to have invaded France, etc., and made kings, Arthur must be mad in his noll;
And ryde on Remes on eche wey,
And make kyngeȝ to þe obey?
Þu art wood on þe Nolle!
Þu hast scley owre cosyn frolle; 212
Þu schalt be tawȝt at a schort day [Fol. 44, col. 1.]
for to make such e aray.
Oure cosyn Iuli us cesar
So m me tyme conquered þar; 216
To Rome þu owest hys trybut; that he must pay his tribute,
We chargeþ þe to paye vs hyt.
Thy pryde we woll e alaye
Þat makest so gret aray: 220
We co m mandeþ þe on haste
To paye owre trybut faste;
Þu hast scley frolle in frau n ce
Þat hadde vnder vs þer e gou er nau n ce, 224
And wyþholdest oure tribute þ er to:
Þu schalt be tawȝt þu hast mysdo:
We co m mandeþ þe in haste soone
Þat þu come to vs at Rome 228 and come to Rome to be punished for his disobedience.
To vnd er fang our e ordynau n ce
For þy dysobediau n ce;
As þu wold nat leze þy lyf,
Fulfylle þys w y t h oute stryff." 232
[pg 8 - Arthur's Answer to Lucius.]When þis l ett re was open & rad;
Þe bretou n s & all e men wer e mad, The Britons purpose to kill the messengers,
And wolde þe messager scle:—
"Nay," seyd Arthour, "per de, 236 but Arthur forbids it,
That were aȝenst alle kynde,
A messager to bete or bynde;
y charge alle men here
for to make ham good chere." 240
And after Mete sanz fayl
Wyþ hys lordes he hadde cou n sayl;
And alle asented þer to,
Artho ur to Rome scholde go; 244 and resolves to invade Rome.
And þey ne wolde in hys t ra uayle
Wyþ strenkþ & good neuer fayle.
Than Artho ur wroot to Rome a l ett re,
Was sentence was so m m-what bytter e , 248
And sayde i n þis manere
As ȝe may hure here:—
"Knoweþ well e ȝe of Romayne, L ite ra Reg is Arthuri.
Y am kyng Artho ur of Bretayne. 252 Arthur's answer to the Emperor Lucius,
Frau n ce, y haue conquered hyt,
Y schall e defende & kepe hyt ȝut, [Fol. 44, col. 2.]
Y come to Rome, as y am tryw,
To take my trybut (.) to me dywe, 256 claiming tribute from him.
But noon þere-for to paye,
By my werk ȝe schall e asay;
For þe Emp er our Constantyne
Þat was þe Soone of Elyne, 260
Þat was a Breton e of þis lond,
Co n quered Rome w y t h hys hond,
And so ȝe oweþ me tribut:
Y charge ȝow þat ȝe pay me hyt. 264
Also Maximian kyng of Bretaigne
Co[ n ]quered al frau n ce & Almayne,
Lombardye Rome & ytalye—
[pg 9 - The Messenger's Report of Arthur.]By ȝoure bok is ȝe may a-spye. 268
Y am þeir Eyr & þeyre lynage,
Y aske ȝow my trywage."
Þis l ett re was celyd fast,
Y-take the Messagerez on hast; 272
Arthour ȝaf ham ȝyftez grete,
And chered ham wyþ drynk and Mete.
Þey hasted ham to come hoom; Lucius's messengers return to him.
Byfor þe Emp er o ur þey beþ coom; 276
Saluted hym as resou n ys,
And toke hym þes letterys.
Þey seyde to þe Emp er our
"We have be wyþ kyng Artho ur ; 280
But such anoþ er as he ys oon,
Say neuer no Man.
He ys s er ued on hys howshold
Wyþ kynges, Erles, worthy & bold; 284
Hys worthynesse, sur Emp er our,
Passeþ Much e all e ȝowre;
He seyde he wolde hyder come and give him Arthur's message.
And take trywage of all e Rome, 288
We dowteþ last he wel do soo,
For he ys Myghty ynow þer-too."
Now, erst þan we goo ferþer,
Every man þat ys here 292
Sey a Pater noster
And ave wyþ gode chere; Ame n .
Pater noster
Ave Maria.
Now stureth hym self Artho ur [Fol. 44 b .]
Þenkyng on hys labo ur , 296
And gaderyþ to hym strenghth aboute, Arthur prepares for his expedition to Rome.
Hys kynges & Erles on a rowte—
A fayr syȝt to Mannes ye
to see suche a cheualrye,— 300
[pg 10 - The Number of Arthur's Host.]The kyng of Gotland, Has five kings,
Also þe kyng of Irland,
the kyng of ysland | & of Orkenye,
Þis was worthy Maynye; 304
The kyng of Denmark also was þer e ,
Þis was a worthy chere:
Eche of þese vyve at her venyw
Brouȝt zyx þousand at har retenyw; 308
xxx ti þowsand, yc h vnderstand, with 30,000 men,
Þes vyf kyng is hadde on honde.
Than hadde he out of Normandye,
Of Angeoy & of Almanye, 312 80,000 Normans and
Boloyne(.) Peytow & flau n dres
Fowre skore þowsand harneys—
Geryn of Chartez .xij. þowsand 12,000 from Chartres,
þat went wyþ Arto ur euer at honde; 316
Hoel of bretayn, þowsandez ten 10,000 Bretons.
Of hardy & well e fyghtyng Men;
Out of Bretaygne hys owne land
He passed fourty þowsand 320 and 40,000 British:
Of Archerys & off Arblastere
Þ a t Cowþ well e þe craft of werre.
¶ In Foot other Many a Man Moo
Able to feyght(:) as well e as þo: 324
Two hunderd þousand in all 200,000.
Went wyþ hym out of lond,
And Many moo sykerly
That y can 4 not nombrye. 328
Artho ur toke þan þe lond
To Moddredes owne hond; Britain is left in Mordred's charge.
He kept al oþer þyng
Saue þo Corowne weryng; 332
But he was [fals] of hys kepynge,
As ȝe schall e hure here folewynge.
Now than ne ys Arto ur y-Come
And hys Ost to Sowthamptone: 336 Arthur ships at Southampton,
[pg 11 - The Giant that Ravished Fair Elayne.]Ther was Many a Man of Myghte
Strong & bold also to fyghte.
Eche man hath take his schuppynge,
And ys at hys loghynge. 340
Vp goþ þe sayl(:) þey sayleþ faste:
Arthour owt of syȝt ys paste.
Þe ferst lond þat he gan Meete,
Forsoþe hyt was Bareflete; 344 and lands at Barfleet.
Ther he gan vp furst aryve.
Now well e Mote Artho ur spede & thryve;
And þat hys saule spede þe better, God speed him!
Lat eche man sey a Pater noster. 348
Pater noster.
Now god spede Artour well e !
hym ys comyng a nyw batell e . A new foe appears, a Spanish Giant,
Ther coom a gyant out of spayne,
And rauasched had fayr Elayne; 352
He had brouȝt heor e vp on an hulle—
Mornyng hyt ys to hure or telle—
Cosyn heo was to kyng hoell,
A damesel fayr and gentell e ; 356
And ȝut ferþ er more to,
He rauasehed heore Moder also. who has slain fair Elayne.
He dude þe damesel for to dye
for he myght not lygge heor bye. 360
Whan þis was told to Artour,
He maked Much dolour,
And send Bedewer for to spye Arthur sends Bedwere first as a spy,
How he myght come hym bye; 364
And he was nat sclowh,
But to þe hulle hym drowh
Þat Closed was wyþ wat er stronge,
Þe hulle a-Mydde gret & longe; 368
He went ouer to þe hulle syde,
And þere a fonde a wo m man e byde
Þat sorwedd & wept Mornynge
[pg 12 - Arthur's Fight with the Giant.]For Eleynes deþ & dep ar tynge, 372
And bad Bedewer to fle also
Last he were ded more to;
"For yf þe Gyant fynde þe,
W y t h oute dowte he wyll e þe scle." 376
Bedwer wyþ all e hastynge
Tolde Artho ur all e þis þynge.
Amorwe whan þat hyt was day
Arthour toke þyder hys way, 380 and then (with Bedwere and Key) starts on his adventure.
Bedewer wyþ hym went, & keye,—
Men þat cowþe well e þe weye,— [Fol. 45.]
And broute Artho ur Meyntenau n t,
Euen byfore þe Gyant. 384
Arthour fowȝt wyþ þat wyght;
He had almost ylost hys Myght:
Wyþ Muche peyne, þruȝ goddez grace
He sclowh þe Geant in þat place, 388 He kills the Giant,
And þan he made Bedewere
To smyte of hys heed þere.
To þe Ost he dude hyt brynge,
And þ er on was gret wou n drynge, 392
Hyt was so oryble & so greet, whose horrible head is shown to the host,
More þan any Horse heed.
Than hadde hoel Ioye ynowh
For þat Arthour so hym sclowh; 396
And for a p er petuel Memorie
He Made a chapell e of seynt Marye and St. Mary's Chapel is built in honour of the victory.
In þe hulle vpon þe pleyne,
Wyþ-Inne þat (:) þe t um be 5 of Eleyne; 400 tombe
And þat name wyþoute nay
Hyt bereþ ȝut in-to þis day.
Now ys an ende of þis þynge,
And Artour haþ nyw tydynge,— 404 News of Lucius's approach is brought,
Lucy þe Emp er our wyþ hys host
Comeþ fast in gret bost;
Þey helyþ ouer all e þe lond,
[pg 13 - Arthur's Men Pray to God.]Fowre hundred þowsand 408 with an army of 400,124 men.
An hunderd and foure & twenty,—
Thus herawdes dude ham rekeny;
Thus he hadde gadered to hym
Of cristien and of Sarasyn, 412
Wyþ all e hys wytt & labour
To destroyen Arthour.
Arthour dude wyselye,
And hadde euer gode aspye 416
Of lucyes gouernynge
And of hys þyder comynge;
But so m me seyde hyt wer e folye Some advise Arthur to turn and flee,
To fyght aȝenst Emp er o ur lucie, 420
For he hadde sepe 6 aȝenst oon,
& cou n ceyled Artho ur to fle & goon.
Wyþ þe Emp er o ur come kynges Many oon,
And all e þeire power hooll e & soom; 424
Stronger men Myȝt no man see,
As full e of drede as þey myght be;
But Arthour was not dysmayd,
He tryst on god, & was wel payd, 428 but he trusts in God,
And prayd þe hye trynyte
Euer hys help forto be;
And all e hys Men wyþ oo voyse
Cryde to god wyþ Oo noyse, 432
"Fader in heuene, þy wyll e be doon; to whom his soldiers pray
Defende þy puple fram þeire foon,
And lat not þe heþon e Men
Destroye þe puple crystien: 436
Haue Mercy on þy se[r]uantis bonde,
And kepe ham fram þe heþon e honde; to keep them from the heathen's hands.
Þe Muchelnesse of Men sainfayle
Ys nat victorie in Batayle; 440
[pg 14 - The Battle Between Arthur and Lucius.]But after þe wyll e þ a t in heuene ys,
So þe victorie falleþ y-wys."
Than seyd Arthour, "hyt ys so: Arthur's "Forward!"
Auau n t Baner, & be Goo." 444
Now frendes all e , for goddes loue,
Rereþ ȝowre hertes to god aboue,
And seyeþ ȝowre prayeris faste,
Þ a t we well e spede furst & laste. 448
Pater noster.
The emp er our tryst on hys men,
And þ a t h a þ bygyled hym;
Forsothe hyt most nedez be so,
For þey beþ cursed þat well e hyt do, 452
Such e all e myght comeþ of god; Maledict us q ui con fid e t in ho m i n e .
To tryst on hym, y hold hyt good.
Lucye haþ pyght his pauelou n
And sprad wyþ pryde his gu n fanou n ; 456
His claryou n s blastes full e grete blywe,
Archeris schot(:) Men ouer-thrywe;
Bowes, arwes, & arblastere The battle begins.
Schot sore alle y-vere; 460
Quarels, arwes, þey fly smerte;
Þe fyched Men þruȝ heed & herte;
Axes, sperys, and gysarmes gret,
Clefte Many a prowt Ma n nes heed: 464
Hors & steedes gan to grent,
And deyde wyþ strok is þ a t þey hente;
Many a man þ er e lost hys lyf, [Fol. 45 b .]
Many on was wedyw þ a t was wyff; 468
Þere men were wetschoede Men are wetshod with brains and blood.
All e of Brayn & of blode;
Gret rywth e hyt was to seyn
Þe feltes full e of men y-scleyn; 472
Lucy þe Emp er our also was dede; Lucius is slain,
But ho hym sclowh, y can nat rede;
He, for all e hys grete Renou n ,
[pg 15 - Arthur Wins, and Buries the Dead.]Aȝenst Arthour hadde no fusou n , 476 not able to stand against Arthur.
No more þan haue twenty schep
Aȝenst vyve wolfez greet.
To god be euere alle hono ur ez!
The falde was hys & Arthourez. 480
Arthour, as he scholde done, Arthur sends Lucius's body to Rome,
Sende lucyes body to Rome;
Whan þe Romeynes say þis,
Þo þey dradde Artho ur & hys. 484
Also he buryed Bedewere buries Bedwere and others
Hys frend and | hys Botyler,
And so he dude other Echon
In Abbeys of Relygyou n 488 in Abbeys,
Þat were cristien of name;
He dude to alle þe same;
And dude for ham Masse synge
w y t h sole m pne song & offrynge, 492
And bood þere for to rest,
Tyll e þat wynter was past, and stays the winter,
Boþe he (.) hys Men echone
Seruyd god in deuocione, 496
Þankyng god of hys Myȝt thanking God
Þat kepeþ hys seruau n tez ryȝt,
And suffreþ noon for to spylle
Þ a t hym loueþ & tryste wylle: 500
Þus worschup god dude certeyn for His honour to England.
To Englond, þat þo was Bretayn; [Of the difference between More (or Great) Britain and Little Britain.]
Þe More Breteyn Englond ys—
As men may rede on Cronyclys— 504
Byȝend þe See Bretayne þ er ys,
Þat haþ hys name forsoþe of þis,
For þe kyng Maxymyan,—
Þe next after Octauyan,— 508
He conquered all e Armoryk,
And to þe Reme named hyt lyk:
Amorica on latyn me cl[e]ped þ a t lond, Armorica .
[pg 16 - Of the Welsh and Stinking Saxons.]Tyl Maxymyan co[ n ]queryd hyt w y t h honde, 512
And called hyt lyte bretayne þan,
So hyȝt þis lond þat he coom fram;
For p er petuell e Mynde of grete Bretayne Little Britain is called after Great Britain.
He called hyt lyte Bretayne, 516
Þat Men schulde kepe in Mynde & wytt
How þis lond conqueryd hytt;
For Walsch e Men beþ Bretou n s of kynde—
Know þat well e fast on Mynde— 520
Englisch e men beþ Saxoynes,
Þat beþ of Engistes Soones;
There-fore þe walsch man Bretou n
Seyþ & clepeþ vs "Sayson" 7 524
And seyþ (.) "taw or (.) peyd Sayson brou n t" 8 How the Welshmen call the English "stinking Saxons."
Whan he ys wroth (;) or ellys drou n ke;
Hauyng Mynde of Engystis Men
Þat w y t h gyle sclow þeyre kyn: 528
At þe place of þe Stonehenge
Ȝut þey þenkeþ for to venge:
And þat hyt neuere be so,
Seyþ a Pater noster more to. 532
Pater noster.
Now turne we to oure labo ur Arthur is preparing to cross the mountains to Rome,
And lat vs speke of Arthour:
He cast on herte sone
After þat to go to Rome, 536
And spak of Passage & hys wey
Forth ouer Mou n t Ioye.
And sone after vpon an owr when he hears of Mordred's treachery;
He horde of Mordred the treto ur 540
That hadde all e þis loud on warde—
[pg 17 - Of Mordred's Treachery and Arthur's Return.]Euyll e moot such e fare, and harde.
Who may best bygyle a man
But such e as he tryst vpon? 544
Þer ys no man wel nye, y tryste,
Þat can be waar of hadde wyste.—
Mordred þis falss Man
Much e sorw þo bygan; 548
He stuffed alle castelle
Wyþ armyre & vytelle,
And strenghthed hym on eche syde
W y t h Men of cou n treys ferre & wyde: 552
He toke þe qwene, Arthoureȝ wyff, how the traitor had seized the queen, his (Arthur's) wife,
Aȝenst goddes lawe & gode lyff,
And putte heore to soiourne þo
At Euerwyk: god ȝyf hym wo. 556 and put her at York.
Yhork ys Euerwyk:
& so me calleþ hyt.
Artho ur aryved at Whytsond Arthur then comes home,
W y t h gret Myght & strong hond, 560
And Mordred sainz fayl fights Mordred,
Ȝaf hym þo a strong batayl;
Many a man, as y rede,
Þat day was þere dede; 564
Arthoures nevew Waweyn
Þat day was þere y-sclayn, and Gawain is slain.
And oþer knyȝtes Many moo:
Þan Arthour was heuy & woo. 568
Mordred fly toward Londou n ; Mordred flies to London,
He most not come in þe tou n :
Þan fled he to wy n chester
And w y t h hys Mayn e e kep [?] hym þer e ; 572
And Arthour on gret haste
Pursywed after hym faste.
Mordred w y t h oute fayle
Fled in-to Cornewayle. 576 and then to Cornwall.
The qwene wyþoute lesyng
[pg 18 - Arthur's Last Battle with Mordred.]Hurde of þis tydyng,
And how Mordred was flow,
And how to Cornewale he hym drow. 580
Heo of Mercy hadde noon hoope,
Ther-for he dude on a Russet cote, The Queen turns nun at Carlyon.
And to Carlyou n ys preuyly Rou n ne,
And made heore self þo a Nou n ne; 584
Fro þat place neuer heo wende,
But of heore lyf þere made an ende.
Waweynes body, as y reede, Gawain
And other lordes þat weere deede, 588
Arthour sente in-to skotlonde, is buried in Scotland.
And buryed ham þ er e, y vnd er stonde.
Muche folke þ er henne he toke þo,
Of Northu m ber-lond also 592 Northern men and others come to Arthur.
Fram dyverse places to Artho ur come
Hys wyll e to werk & to done:
Thus he sembled a full e gret Ost;
To Cornewayle he draweþ hym fast 596
After þat Mordred þe trayto ur
Þat hadde do hym Much e dyshono ur .
That treto ur hadde gret strength
And fulled þ a t lond on brede & length e , 600
Such e a batell e as þere was redy þo He gives Mordred battle.
Hadde neuer Arthour byfore y-doo:
They fowȝt tyl þer come dou n bloode
As a(.) Ryver or (.)a(.) flood; 604
Þey fowȝt euer sorest sadde; Bellu m arthuri ap u d Camelerton um in Cornubia.
Men nyst ho þe betere hadde;
But at þe last Certeyn
Was Mordred & alle hys y-sclayn; 608 Mordred is slain:
And Artho ur y-bete wyþ wou n de, Arthur wounded,
He Myght not stonde on grou n de;
But on lyter ryȝt anon and carried to Avelon, or Auelona .l. insula pomor um Glastonia .
Was browȝt to Auelon e , 612
Þ a t was a place fayr & Mury;
[pg 19 - Arthur Is Buried at Glastonbury.]Now hyt hooteþ Glastyngbury. Glastonbury, where he dies,
Ther Artho ur þat worthy kyng
Maked hys lyues endyng; 616
But for he skaped þ a t batell e y-wys,
Bretou n s & Cornysch sayeþ þus,
"Þat he leuyth ȝut p ar de,
And schall e come & be a kyng aȝe." 620
At Glastyngbury on þe qweer
Þey made Arto ur ez tou m be þere, and is buried A.D. 542.
And wrote wyth latyn vers þus,
Hic iacet Arthurus rex quonda m rex que futur us . 624
Thys was þus forsoþe ydone
Þe yheer after þe Incarnacione, Anno d o m ini qu in gente simo quadragesi m o s e c un do.
Vyf hundred (.) fourty & two.
Now saue vs alle fra woo 628
Ih es u cryst, heuenly kyng,
& grau n t vs alle hys blessyng;
And þat hyt Moote so be,
Seyeþ alle Pater & Aue. 632
Pater noster. Aue.
Ho þ a t woll e more loke,
Reed on þe frensch boke, Read the French Book for the rest.
And he schall e fynde þere
Þynges þat y leete here. 636
But yf þat god wolle grau n te gr a ce,
y schall e rehercy in þis place
Alle þe kyngez þat after were,
And what names [þ]at þey bere; 640
And ho þ a t woll e þeyre gestes loke,
Reed on þe Frensch e boke. Amen fiat.
a, he, l. 370.
aspye, sb. espial, l. 416.
ayhe, again, l. 126.
beeme, sb. ? noise, display, from A.S. béme , a trumpet, l. 108.
falde, l. 480, felt, l. 472; field.
fusoun, gain, victory, l. 476. L. fusio , outpouring, plenty.
fyched, pierced, l. 462.
goom, man, l. 166.
gysarme, l. 463. Hallebarde, pique, hache . Roquefort.
hadde wyste, l. 546, had I known (how it would have turned out). See Nares, and the Poem "Beware of had-I-wyst," that he quotes. "Beware of had-I-wyst , whose fine bringes care and smart."
hawted, exalted, l. 113.
he, she, l. 582.
helyth, cover, l. 407.
last, lest, l. 289.
loghynge, lodging, l. 344.
lynage, descendant, l. 269.
muchelnesse, sb. muchness, number and power, l. 439.
mynde, remembrance, l. 527.
oo, one, l. 49.
sayle, assail, attack, l. 12.
scley, slain, l. 212.
skyle, sb. reason, l. 17.
soueȝ (?), sough, moan, l. 88.
that, ye who, l. 1; those who, l. 42, 84.
theoband (l. 178), is, I expect, miswritten for theo d and; A.S. þeodan , to join; ge-þeod-an , to join, associate.
therhenne, thence, l. 591.
toke, gave, l. 329.
venge, have revenge, take vengeance, l. 530.
verrament, truly, l. 32.
was, whose, l. 248.
wood, wild, mad, l. 211.
ydoon, done, spent, l. 72.
ylete, let, l. 194.
ytake, taken to, given to, l. 272.
y-vere, together, l. 460.
ywyss, certainly, l. 46.