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Title: The Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys

Author: Bahá'u'lláh

Release date: November 2, 2005 [eBook #16986]
                Most recently updated: June 26, 2020

Language: English



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The Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys


by Bahá'u'lláh




Edition 1, (November 2, 2005)





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                                 CONTENTS


Baha'i Terms of Use
The Seven Valleys of Bahá'u'lláh
   The Valley of Search
   The Valley of Love
   The Valley of Knowledge
   The Valley of Unity
   The Valley of Contentment
   The Valley of Wonderment
   The Valley of True Poverty and Absolute Nothingness
The Four Valleys
   The Four Valleys
   The First Valley
   The Second Valley
   The Third Valley
   The Fourth Valley






THE SEVEN VALLEYS OF BAHÁ'U'LLÁH


_In the Name of God, the Clement, the Merciful._

Praise be to God Who hath made being to come forth from nothingness;
graven upon the tablet of man the secrets of preexistence; taught him from
the mysteries of divine utterance that which he knew not; made him a
Luminous Book unto those who believed and surrendered themselves; caused
him to witness the creation of all things (Kullu Shay') in this black and
ruinous age, and to speak forth from the apex of eternity with a wondrous
voice in the Excellent Temple(1): to the end that every man may testify,
in himself, by himself, in the station of the Manifestation of his Lord,
that verily there is no God save Him, and that every man may thereby win
his way to the summit of realities, until none shall contemplate anything
whatsoever but that he shall see God therein.

And I praise and glorify the first sea which hath branched from the ocean
of the Divine Essence, and the first morn which hath glowed from the
Horizon of Oneness, and the first sun which hath risen in the Heaven of
Eternity, and the first fire which was lit from the Lamp of Preexistence
in the lantern of singleness: He who was Ahmad in the kingdom of the
exalted ones, and Muhammad amongst the concourse of the near ones, and
Mahmúd(2) in the realm of the sincere ones. "...by whichsoever (name) ye
will, invoke Him: He hath most excellent names"(3) in the hearts of those
who know. And upon His household and companions be abundant and abiding
and eternal peace!

Further, we have harkened to what the nightingale of knowledge sang on the
boughs of the tree of thy being, and learned what the dove of certitude
cried on the branches of the bower of thy heart. Methinks I verily inhaled
the pure fragrances of the garment of thy love, and attained thy very
meeting from perusing thy letter. And since I noted thy mention of thy
death in God, and thy life through Him, and thy love for the beloved of
God and the Manifestations of His Names and the Dawning-Points of His
Attributes--I therefore reveal unto thee sacred and resplendent tokens from
the planes of glory, to attract thee into the court of holiness and
nearness and beauty, and draw thee to a station wherein thou shalt see
nothing in creation save the Face of thy Beloved One, the Honored, and
behold all created things only as in the day wherein none hath a mention.

Of this hath the nightingale of oneness sung in the garden of
Ghawthíyyih.(4) He saith: "And there shall appear upon the tablet of thine
heart a writing of the subtle mysteries of 'Fear God and God will give you
knowledge';(5) and the bird of thy soul shall recall the holy sanctuaries
of preexistence and soar on the wings of longing in the heaven of 'walk
the beaten paths of thy Lord',(6) and gather the fruits of communion in
the gardens of 'Then feed on every kind of fruit.'"(7)

By My life, O friend, wert thou to taste of these fruits, from the green
garden of these blossoms which grow in the lands of knowledge, beside the
orient lights of the Essence in the mirrors of names and
attributes--yearning would seize the reins of patience and reserve from out
thy hand, and make thy soul to shake with the flashing light, and draw
thee from the earthly homeland to the first, heavenly abode in the Center
of Realities, and lift thee to a plane wherein thou wouldst soar in the
air even as thou walkest upon the earth, and move over the water as thou
runnest on the land. Wherefore, may it rejoice Me, and thee, and whosoever
mounteth into the heaven of knowledge, and whose heart is refreshed by
this, that the wind of certitude hath blown over the garden of his being,
from the Sheba of the All-Merciful.

Peace be upon him who followeth the Right Path!

And further: The stages that mark the wayfarer's journey from the abode of
dust to the heavenly homeland are said to be seven. Some have called these
Seven Valleys, and others, Seven Cities. And they say that until the
wayfarer taketh leave of self, and traverseth these stages, he shall never
reach to the ocean of nearness and union, nor drink of the peerless wine.
The first is




The Valley of Search


The steed of this Valley is patience; without patience the wayfarer on
this journey will reach nowhere and attain no goal. Nor should he ever be
downhearted; if he strive for a hundred thousand years and yet fail to
behold the beauty of the Friend, he should not falter. For those who seek
the Ka'bih(8) of "for Us" rejoice in the tidings: "In Our ways will We
guide them."(9) In their search, they have stoutly girded up the loins of
service, and seek at every moment to journey from the plane of
heedlessness into the realm of being. No bond shall hold them back, and no
counsel shall deter them.

It is incumbent on these servants that they cleanse the heart--which is the
wellspring of divine treasures--from every marking, and that they turn away
from imitation, which is following the traces of their forefathers and
sires, and shut the door of friendliness and enmity upon all the people of
the earth.

In this journey the seeker reacheth a stage wherein he seeth all created
things wandering distracted in search of the Friend. How many a Jacob will
he see, hunting after his Joseph; he will behold many a lover, hasting to
seek the Beloved, he will witness a world of desiring ones searching after
the One Desired. At every moment he findeth a weighty matter, in every
hour he becometh aware of a mystery; for he hath taken his heart away from
both worlds, and set out for the Ka'bih(10) of the Beloved. At every step,
aid from the Invisible Realm will attend him and the heat of his search
will grow.

One must judge of search by the standard of the Majnún of Love.(11) It is
related that one day they came upon Majnún sifting the dust, and his tears
flowing down. They said, "What doest thou?" He said, "I seek for Laylí."
They cried, "Alas for thee! Laylí is of pure spirit, and thou seekest her
in the dust!" He said, "I seek her everywhere; haply somewhere I shall
find her."

Yea, although to the wise it be shameful to seek the Lord of Lords in the
dust, yet this betokeneth intense ardor in searching. "Whoso seeketh out a
thing with zeal shall find it."(12)

The true seeker hunteth naught but the object of his quest, and the lover
hath no desire save union with his beloved. Nor shall the seeker reach his
goal unless he sacrifice all things. That is, whatever he hath seen, and
heard, and understood, all must he set at naught, that he may enter the
realm of the spirit, which is the City of God. Labor is needed, if we are
to seek Him; ardor is needed, if we are to drink of the honey of reunion
with Him; and if we taste of this cup, we shall cast away the world.

On this journey the traveler abideth in every land and dwelleth in every
region. In every face, he seeketh the beauty of the Friend; in every
country he looketh for the Beloved. He joineth every company, and seeketh
fellowship with every soul, that haply in some mind he may uncover the
secret of the Friend, or in some face he may behold the beauty of the
Loved One.

And if, by the help of God, he findeth on this journey a trace of the
traceless Friend, and inhaleth the fragrance of the long-lost Joseph from
the heavenly messenger,(13) he shall straightway step into




The Valley of Love


and be dissolved in the fire of love. In this city the heaven of ecstasy
is upraised and the world-illuming sun of yearning shineth, and the fire
of love is ablaze; and when the fire of love is ablaze, it burneth to
ashes the harvest of reason.

Now is the traveler unaware of himself, and of aught besides himself. He
seeth neither ignorance nor knowledge, neither doubt nor certitude; he
knoweth not the morn of guidance from the night of error. He fleeth both
from unbelief and faith, and deadly poison is a balm to him. Wherefore
Attár(14) saith:

  For the infidel, error--for the faithful, faith;
  For Attár's heart, an atom of Thy pain.

The steed of this Valley is pain; and if there be no pain this journey
will never end. In this station the lover hath no thought save the
Beloved, and seeketh no refuge save the Friend. At every moment he
offereth a hundred lives in the path of the Loved One, at every step he
throweth a thousand heads at the feet of the Beloved.

O My Brother! Until thou enter the Egypt of love, thou shalt never come to
the Joseph of the Beauty of the Friend; and until, like Jacob, thou
forsake thine outward eyes, thou shalt never open the eye of thine inward
being; and until thou burn with the fire of love, thou shalt never commune
with the Lover of Longing.

A lover feareth nothing and no harm can come nigh him: Thou seest him
chill in the fire and dry in the sea.

  A lover is he who is chill in hell fire;
  A knower is he who is dry in the sea.(15)

Love accepteth no existence and wisheth no life: He seeth life in death,
and in shame seeketh glory. To merit the madness of love, man must abound
in sanity; to merit the bonds of the Friend, he must be full of spirit.
Blessed the neck that is caught in His noose, happy the head that falleth
on the dust in the pathway of His love. Wherefore, O friend, give up thy
self that thou mayest find the Peerless One, pass by this mortal earth
that thou mayest seek a home in the nest of heaven. Be as naught, if thou
wouldst kindle the fire of being and be fit for the pathway of love.

  Love seizeth not upon a living soul,
  The falcon preyeth not on a dead mouse.(16)

Love setteth a world aflame at every turn, and he wasteth every land where
he carrieth his banner. Being hath no existence in his kingdom; the wise
wield no command within his realm. The leviathan of love swalloweth the
master of reason and destroyeth the lord of knowledge. He drinketh the
seven seas, but his heart's thirst is still unquenched, and he saith, "Is
there yet any more?"(17) He shunneth himself and draweth away from all on
earth.

  Love's a stranger to earth and heaven too;
  In him are lunacies seventy-and-two.(18)

He hath bound a myriad victims in his fetters, wounded a myriad wise men
with his arrow. Know that every redness in the world is from his anger,
and every paleness in men's cheeks is from his poison. He yieldeth no
remedy but death, he walketh not save in the valley of the shadow; yet
sweeter than honey is his venom on the lover's lips, and fairer his
destruction in the seeker's eyes than a hundred thousand lives.

Wherefore must the veils of the satanic self be burned away at the fire of
love, that the spirit may be purified and cleansed and thus may know the
station of the Lord of the Worlds.

  Kindle the fire of love and burn away all things,
  Then set thy foot into the land of the lovers.(19)

And if, confirmed by the Creator, the lover escapes from the claws of the
eagle of love, he will enter




The Valley of Knowledge


and come out of doubt into certitude, and turn from the darkness of
illusion to the guiding light of the fear of God. His inner eyes will open
and he will privily converse with his Beloved; he will set ajar the gate
of truth and piety, and shut the doors of vain imaginings. He in this
station is content with the decree of God, and seeth war as peace, and
findeth in death the secrets of everlasting life. With inward and outward
eyes he witnesseth the mysteries of resurrection in the realms of creation
and the souls of men, and with a pure heart apprehendeth the divine wisdom
in the endless Manifestations of God. In the ocean he findeth a drop, in a
drop he beholdeth the secrets of the sea.

  Split the atom's heart, and lo!
  Within it thou wilt find a sun.(20)

The wayfarer in this Valley seeth in the fashionings of the True One
nothing save clear providence, and at every moment saith: "No defect canst
thou see in the creation of the God of Mercy: Repeat the gaze: Seest thou
a single flaw?"(21) He beholdeth justice in injustice, and in justice,
grace. In ignorance he findeth many a knowledge hidden, and in knowledge a
myriad wisdoms manifest. He breaketh the cage of the body and the
passions, and consorteth with the people of the immortal realm. He
mounteth on the ladders of inner truth and hasteneth to the heaven of
inner significance. He rideth in the ark of "we shall show them our signs
in the regions and in themselves,"(22) and journeyeth over the sea of
"until it become plain to them that (this Book) is the truth."(23) And if
he meeteth with injustice he shall have patience, and if he cometh upon
wrath he shall manifest love.

There was once a lover who had sighed for long years in separation from
his beloved, and wasted in the fire of remoteness. From the rule of love,
his heart was empty of patience, and his body weary of his spirit; he
reckoned life without her as a mockery, and time consumed him away. How
many a day he found no rest in longing for her; how many a night the pain
of her kept him from sleep; his body was worn to a sigh, his heart's wound
had turned him to a cry of sorrow. He had given a thousand lives for one
taste of the cup of her presence, but it availed him not. The doctors knew
no cure for him, and companions avoided his company; yea, physicians have
no medicine for one sick of love, unless the favor of the beloved one
deliver him.

At last, the tree of his longing yielded the fruit of despair, and the
fire of his hope fell to ashes. Then one night he could live no more, and
he went out of his house and made for the marketplace. On a sudden, a
watchman followed after him. He broke into a run, with the watchman
following; then other watchmen came together, and barred every passage to
the weary one. And the wretched one cried from his heart, and ran here and
there, and moaned to himself: "Surely this watchman is Izrá'íl, my angel
of death, following so fast upon me; or he is a tyrant of men, seeking to
harm me." His feet carried him on, the one bleeding with the arrow of
love, and his heart lamented. Then he came to a garden wall, and with
untold pain he scaled it, for it proved very high; and forgetting his
life, he threw himself down to the garden.

And there he beheld his beloved with a lamp in her hand, searching for a
ring she had lost. When the heart-surrendered lover looked on his
ravishing love, he drew a great breath and raised up his hands in prayer,
crying: "O God! Give Thou glory to the watchman, and riches and long life.
For the watchman was Gabriel, guiding this poor one; or he was Isráfíl,
bringing life to this wretched one!"

Indeed, his words were true, for he had found many a secret justice in
this seeming tyranny of the watchman, and seen how many a mercy lay hid
behind the veil. Out of wrath, the guard had led him who was athirst in
love's desert to the sea of his loved one, and lit up the dark night of
absence with the light of reunion. He had driven one who was afar, into
the garden of nearness, had guided an ailing soul to the heart's
physician.

Now if the lover could have looked ahead, he would have blessed the
watchman at the start, and prayed on his behalf, and he would have seen
that tyranny as justice; but since the end was veiled to him, he moaned
and made his plaint in the beginning. Yet those who journey in the garden
land of knowledge, because they see the end in the beginning, see peace in
war and friendliness in anger.

Such is the state of the wayfarers in this Valley; but the people of the
Valleys above this see the end and the beginning as one; nay, they see
neither beginning nor end, and witness neither "first" nor "last."(24) Nay
rather, the denizens of the undying city, who dwell in the green garden
land, see not even "neither first nor last"; they fly from all that is
first, and repulse all that is last. For these have passed over the worlds
of names, and fled beyond the worlds of attributes as swift as lightning.
Thus is it said: "Absolute Unity excludeth all attributes."(25) And they
have made their dwelling-place in the shadow of the Essence.

Wherefore, relevant to this, Khájih 'Abdu'lláh(26)--may God the Most High
sanctify his beloved spirit--hath made a subtle point and spoken an
eloquent word as to the meaning of "Guide Thou us on the straight
path,"(27) which is: "Show us the right way, that is, honor us with the
love of Thine Essence, that we may be freed from turning toward ourselves
and toward all else save Thee, and may become wholly Thine, and know only
Thee, and see only Thee, and think of none save Thee."

Nay, these even mount above this station, wherefore it is said:

  Love is a veil betwixt the lover and the loved one;
  More than this I am not permitted to tell.(28)

At this hour the morn of knowledge hath arisen and the lamps of wayfaring
and wandering are quenched.(29)

  Veiled from this was Moses
  Though all strength and light;
  Then thou who hast no wings at all,
  Attempt not flight.(30)

If thou be a man of communion and prayer, soar up on the wings of
assistance from Holy Souls, that thou mayest behold the mysteries of the
Friend and attain to the lights of the Beloved, "Verily, we are from God
and to Him shall we return."(31)

After passing through the Valley of knowledge, which is the last plane of
limitation, the wayfarer cometh to




The Valley of Unity


and drinketh from the cup of the Absolute, and gazeth on the
Manifestations of Oneness. In this station he pierceth the veils of
plurality, fleeth from the worlds of the flesh, and ascendeth into the
heaven of singleness. With the ear of God he heareth, with the eye of God
he beholdeth the mysteries of divine creation. He steppeth into the
sanctuary of the Friend, and shareth as an intimate the pavilion of the
Loved One. He stretcheth out the hand of truth from the sleeve of the
Absolute; he revealeth the secrets of power. He seeth in himself neither
name nor fame nor rank, but findeth his own praise in praising God. He
beholdeth in his own name the name of God; to him, "all songs are from the
King,"(32) and every melody from Him. He sitteth on the throne of "Say,
all is from God,"(33) and taketh his rest on the carpet of "There is no
power or might but in God."(34) He looketh on all things with the eye of
oneness, and seeth the brilliant rays of the divine sun shining from the
dawning-point of Essence alike on all created things, and the lights of
singleness reflected over all creation.

It is clear to thine Eminence that all the variations which the wayfarer
in the stages of his journey beholdeth in the realms of being, proceed
from his own vision. We shall give an example of this, that its meaning
may become fully clear: Consider the visible sun; although it shineth with
one radiance upon all things, and at the behest of the King of
Manifestation bestoweth light on all creation, yet in each place it
becometh manifest and sheddeth its bounty according to the potentialities
of that place. For instance, in a mirror it reflecteth its own disk and
shape, and this is due to the sensitivity of the mirror; in a crystal it
maketh fire to appear, and in other things it showeth only the effect of
its shining, but not its full disk. And yet, through that effect, by the
command of the Creator, it traineth each thing according to the quality of
that thing, as thou observest.

In like manner, colors become visible in every object according to the
nature of that object. For instance, in a yellow globe, the rays shine
yellow; in a white the rays are white; and in a red, the red rays are
manifest. Then these variations are from the object, not from the shining
light. And if a place be shut away from the light, as by walls or a roof,
it will be entirely bereft of the splendor of the light, nor will the sun
shine thereon.

Thus it is that certain invalid souls have confined the lands of knowledge
within the wall of self and passion, and clouded them with ignorance and
blindness, and have been veiled from the light of the mystic sun and the
mysteries of the Eternal Beloved; they have strayed afar from the jewelled
wisdom of the lucid Faith of the Lord of Messengers, have been shut out of
the sanctuary of the All-Beauteous One, and banished from the Ka'bih(35)
of splendor. Such is the worth of the people of this age!

And if a nightingale(36) soar upward from the clay of self and dwell in
the rose bower of the heart, and in Arabian melodies and sweet Íránian
songs recount the mysteries of God--a single word of which quickeneth to
fresh, new life the bodies of the dead, and bestoweth the Holy Spirit upon
the moldering bones of this existence--thou wilt behold a thousand claws of
envy, a myriad beaks of rancor hunting after Him and with all their power
intent upon His death.

Yea, to the beetle a sweet fragrance seemeth foul, and to the man sick of
a rheum a pleasant perfume is as naught. Wherefore, it hath been said for
the guidance of the ignorant:

  Cleanse thou the rheum from out thine head
  And breathe the breath of God instead.(37)

In sum, the differences in objects have now been made plain. Thus when the
wayfarer gazeth only upon the place of appearance--that is, when he seeth
only the many-colored globes--he beholdeth yellow and red and white; hence
it is that conflict hath prevailed among the creatures, and a darksome
dust from limited souls hath hid the world. And some do gaze upon the
effulgence of the light; and some have drunk of the wine of oneness and
these see nothing but the sun itself.

Thus, for that they move on these three differing planes, the
understanding and the words of the wayfarers have differed; and hence the
sign of conflict doth continually appear on earth. For some there are who
dwell upon the plane of oneness and speak of that world, and some inhabit
the realms of limitation, and some the grades of self, while others are
completely veiled. Thus do the ignorant people of the day, who have no
portion of the radiance of Divine Beauty, make certain claims, and in
every age and cycle inflict on the people of the sea of oneness what they
themselves deserve. "Should God punish men for their perverse doings, He
would not leave on earth a moving thing! But to an appointed term doth He
respite them...."(38)

O My Brother! A pure heart is as a mirror; cleanse it with the burnish of
love and severance from all save God, that the true sun may shine within
it and the eternal morning dawn. Then wilt thou clearly see the meaning of
"Neither doth My earth nor My heaven contain Me, but the heart of My
faithful servant containeth Me."(39) And thou wilt take up thy life in
thine hand, and with infinite longing cast it before the new Beloved One.

Whensoever the light of Manifestation of the King of Oneness settleth upon
the throne of the heart and soul, His shining becometh visible in every
limb and member. At that time the mystery of the famed tradition gleameth
out of the darkness: "A servant is drawn unto Me in prayer until I answer
him; and when I have answered him, I become the ear wherewith he
heareth...." For thus the Master of the house hath appeared within His
home, and all the pillars of the dwelling are ashine with His light. And
the action and effect of the light are from the Light-Giver; so it is that
all move through Him and arise by His will. And this is that spring
whereof the near ones drink, as it is said: "A fount whereof the near unto
God shall drink...."(40)

However, let none construe these utterances to be anthropomorphism, nor
see in them the descent of the worlds of God into the grades of the
creatures; nor should they lead thine Eminence to such assumptions. For
God is, in His Essence, holy above ascent and descent, entrance and exit;
He hath through all eternity been free of the attributes of human
creatures, and ever will remain so. No man hath ever known Him; no soul
hath ever found the pathway to His Being. Every mystic knower hath
wandered far astray in the valley of the knowledge of Him; every saint
hath lost his way in seeking to comprehend His Essence. Sanctified is He
above the understanding of the wise; exalted is He above the knowledge of
the knowing! The way is barred and to seek it is impiety; His proof is His
signs; His being is His evidence.(41)

Wherefore, the lovers of the face of the Beloved have said: "O Thou, the
One Whose Essence alone showeth the way to His Essence, and Who is
sanctified above any likeness to His creatures."(42) How can utter
nothingness gallop its steed in the field of preexistence, or a fleeting
shadow reach to the everlasting sun? The Friend(43) hath said, "But for
Thee, we had not known Thee," and the Beloved(44) hath said, "nor attained
Thy presence."

Yea, these mentionings that have been made of the grades of knowledge
relate to the knowledge of the Manifestations of that Sun of Reality,
which casteth Its light upon the Mirrors. And the splendor of that light
is in the hearts, yet it is hidden under the veilings of sense and the
conditions of this earth, even as a candle within a lantern of iron, and
only when the lantern is removed doth the light of the candle shine out.

In like manner, when thou strippest the wrappings of illusion from off
thine heart, the lights of oneness will be made manifest.

Then it is clear that even for the rays there is neither entrance nor
exit--how much less for that Essence of Being and that longed-for Mystery.
O My Brother, journey upon these planes in the spirit of search, not in
blind imitation. A true wayfarer will not be kept back by the bludgeon of
words nor debarred by the warning of allusions.

  How shall a curtain part the lover and the loved one?
  Not Alexander's wall can separate them!(45)

Secrets are many, but strangers are myriad. Volumes will not suffice to
hold the mystery of the Beloved One, nor can it be exhausted in these
pages, although it be no more than a word, no more than a sign. "Knowledge
is a single point, but the ignorant have multiplied it."(46)

On this same basis, ponder likewise the differences among the worlds.
Although the divine worlds be never ending, yet some refer to them as
four: The world of time (zamán), which is the one that hath both a
beginning and an end; the world of duration (dahr), which hath a
beginning, but whose end is not revealed; the world of perpetuity
(sarmad), whose beginning is not to be seen but which is known to have an
end; and the world of eternity (azal), neither a beginning nor an end of
which is visible. Although there are many differing statements as to these
points, to recount them in detail would result in weariness. Thus, some
have said that the world of perpetuity hath neither beginning nor end, and
have named the world of eternity as the invisible, impregnable Empyrean.
Others have called these the worlds of the Heavenly Court (Lahút), of the
Empyrean Heaven (Jabarút), of the Kingdom of the Angels (Malakút), and of
the mortal world (Násút).

The journeys in the pathway of love are reckoned as four: From the
creatures to the True One; from the True One to the creatures; from the
creatures to the creatures; from the True One to the True One.

There is many an utterance of the mystic seers and doctors of former times
which I have not mentioned here, since I mislike the copious citation from
sayings of the past; for quotation from the words of others proveth
acquired learning, not the divine bestowal. Even so much as We have quoted
here is out of deference to the wont of men and after the manner of the
friends. Further, such matters are beyond the scope of this epistle. Our
unwillingness to recount their sayings is not from pride, rather is it a
manifestation of wisdom and a demonstration of grace.

  If Khidr did wreck the vessel on the sea,
  Yet in this wrong there are a thousand rights.(47)

Otherwise, this Servant regardeth Himself as utterly lost and as nothing,
even beside one of the beloved of God, how much less in the presence of
His holy ones. Exalted be My Lord, the Supreme! Moreover, our aim is to
recount the stages of the wayfarer's journey, not to set forth the
conflicting utterances of the mystics.

Although a brief example hath been given concerning the beginning and
ending of the relative world, the world of attributes, yet a second
illustration is now added, that the full meaning may be manifest. For
instance, let thine Eminence consider his own self; thou art first in
relation to thy son, last in relation to thy father. In thine outward
appearance, thou tellest of the appearance of power in the realms of
divine creation; in thine inward being thou revealest the hidden mysteries
which are the divine trust deposited within thee. And thus firstness and
lastness, outwardness and inwardness are, in the sense referred to, true
of thyself, that in these four states conferred upon thee thou shouldst
comprehend the four divine states, and that the nightingale of thine heart
on all the branches of the rosetree of existence, whether visible or
concealed, should cry out: "He is the first and the last, the Seen and the
Hidden...."(48)

These statements are made in the sphere of that which is relative, because
of the limitations of men. Otherwise, those personages who in a single
step have passed over the world of the relative and the limited, and dwelt
on the fair plane of the Absolute, and pitched their tent in the worlds of
authority and command--have burned away these relativities with a single
spark, and blotted out these words with a drop of dew. And they swim in
the sea of the spirit, and soar in the holy air of light. Then what life
have words, on such a plane, that "first" and "last" or other than these
be seen or mentioned! In this realm, the first is the last itself, and the
last is but the first.

  In thy soul of love build thou a fire
  And burn all thoughts and words entire.(49)

O my friend, look upon thyself: Hadst thou not become a father nor
begotten a son, neither wouldst thou have heard these sayings. Now forget
them all, that thou mayest learn from the Master of Love in the
schoolhouse of oneness, and return unto God, and forsake the inner land of
unreality(50) for thy true station, and dwell within the shadow of the
tree of knowledge.

O thou dear one! Impoverish thyself, that thou mayest enter the high court
of riches; and humble thy body, that thou mayest drink from the river of
glory, and attain to the full meaning of the poems whereof thou hadst
asked.

Thus it hath been made clear that these stages depend on the vision of the
wayfarer. In every city he will behold a world, in every Valley reach a
spring, in every meadow hear a song. But the falcon of the mystic heaven
hath many a wondrous carol of the spirit in His breast, and the Persian
bird keepeth in His soul many a sweet Arab melody; yet these are hidden,
and hidden shall remain.

  If I speak forth, many a mind will shatter,
  And if I write, many a pen will break.(51) ,(52)

Peace be upon him who concludeth this exalted journey and followeth the
True One by the lights of guidance.

And the wayfarer, after traversing the high planes of this supernal
journey, entereth




The Valley of Contentment


In this Valley he feeleth the winds of divine contentment blowing from the
plane of the spirit. He burneth away the veils of want, and with inward
and outward eye, perceiveth within and without all things the day of: "God
will compensate each one out of His abundance."(53) From sorrow he turneth
to bliss, from anguish to joy. His grief and mourning yield to delight and
rapture.

Although to outward view, the wayfarers in this Valley may dwell upon the
dust, yet inwardly they are throned in the heights of mystic meaning; they
eat of the endless bounties of inner significances, and drink of the
delicate wines of the spirit.

The tongue faileth in describing these three Valleys, and speech falleth
short. The pen steppeth not into this region, the ink leaveth only a blot.
In these planes, the nightingale of the heart hath other songs and
secrets, which make the heart to stir and the soul to clamor, but this
mystery of inner meaning may be whispered only from heart to heart,
confided only from breast to breast.

  Only heart to heart can speak the bliss of mystic knowers;
  No messenger can tell it and no missive bear it.(54)

  I am silent from weakness on many a matter,
  For my words could not reckon them and my speech would fall short.(55)

O friend, till thou enter the garden of such mysteries, thou shalt never
set lip to the undying wine of this Valley. And shouldst thou taste of it,
thou wilt shield thine eyes from all things else, and drink of the wine of
contentment; and thou wilt loose thyself from all things else, and bind
thyself to Him, and throw thy life down in His path, and cast thy soul
away. However, there is no other in this region that thou need forget:
"There was God and there was naught beside Him."(56) For on this plane the
traveler witnesseth the beauty of the Friend in everything. Even in fire,
he seeth the face of the Beloved. He beholdeth in illusion the secret of
reality, and readeth from the attributes the riddle of the Essence. For he
hath burnt away the veils with his sighing, and unwrapped the shroudings
with a single glance; with piercing sight he gazeth on the new creation;
with lucid heart he graspeth subtle verities. This is sufficiently
attested by: "And we have made thy sight sharp in this day."(57)

After journeying through the planes of pure contentment, the traveler
cometh to




The Valley of Wonderment


and is tossed in the oceans of grandeur, and at every moment his wonder
groweth. Now he seeth the shape of wealth as poverty itself, and the
essence of freedom as sheer impotence. Now is he struck dumb with the
beauty of the All-Glorious; again is he wearied out with his own life. How
many a mystic tree hath this whirlwind of wonderment snatched by the
roots, how many a soul hath it exhausted. For in this Valley the traveler
is flung into confusion, albeit, in the eye of him who hath attained, such
marvels are esteemed and well beloved. At every moment he beholdeth a
wondrous world, a new creation, and goeth from astonishment to
astonishment, and is lost in awe at the works of the Lord of Oneness.

Indeed, O Brother, if we ponder each created thing, we shall witness a
myriad perfect wisdoms and learn a myriad new and wondrous truths. One of
the created phenomena is the dream. Behold how many secrets are deposited
therein, how many wisdoms treasured up, how many worlds concealed.
Observe, how thou art asleep in a dwelling, and its doors are barred; on a
sudden thou findest thyself in a far-off city, which thou enterest without
moving thy feet or wearying thy body; without using thine eyes, thou
seest; without taxing thine ears, thou hearest; without a tongue, thou
speakest. And perchance when ten years are gone, thou wilt witness in the
outer world the very things thou hast dreamed tonight.

Now there are many wisdoms to ponder in the dream, which none but the
people of this Valley can comprehend in their true elements. First, what
is this world, where without eye and ear and hand and tongue a man puts
all of these to use? Second, how is it that in the outer world thou seest
today the effect of a dream, when thou didst vision it in the world of
sleep some ten years past? Consider the difference between these two
worlds and the mysteries which they conceal, that thou mayest attain to
divine confirmations and heavenly discoveries and enter the regions of
holiness.

God, the Exalted, hath placed these signs in men, to the end that
philosophers may not deny the mysteries of the life beyond nor belittle
that which hath been promised them. For some hold to reason and deny
whatever the reason comprehendeth not, and yet weak minds can never grasp
the matters which we have related, but only the Supreme, Divine
Intelligence can comprehend them:

  How can feeble reason encompass the Qur'án,
  Or the spider snare a phoenix in his web?(58)

All these states are to be witnessed in the Valley of Wonderment, and the
traveler at every moment seeketh for more, and is not wearied. Thus the
Lord of the First and the Last in setting forth the grades of
contemplation, and expressing wonderment hath said: "O Lord, increase my
astonishment at Thee!"

Likewise, reflect upon the perfection of man's creation, and that all
these planes and states are folded up and hidden away within him.

  Dost thou reckon thyself only a puny form
  When within thee the universe is folded?(59)

Then we must labor to destroy the animal condition, till the meaning of
humanity shall come to light.

Thus, too, Luqmán, who had drunk from the wellspring of wisdom and tasted
of the waters of mercy, in proving to his son Nathan the planes of
resurrection and death, advanced the dream as an evidence and an example.
We relate it here, that through this evanescent Servant a memory may
endure of that youth of the school of Divine Unity, that elder of the art
of instruction and the Absolute. He said: "O Son, if thou art able not to
sleep, then thou art able not to die. And if thou art able not to waken
after sleep, then thou shalt be able not to rise after death."

O friend, the heart is the dwelling of eternal mysteries, make it not the
home of fleeting fancies; waste not the treasure of thy precious life in
employment with this swiftly passing world. Thou comest from the world of
holiness--bind not thine heart to the earth; thou art a dweller in the
court of nearness--choose not the homeland of the dust.

In sum, there is no end to the description of these stages, but because of
the wrongs inflicted by the peoples of the earth, this Servant is in no
mood to continue:

  The tale is still unfinished and I have no heart for it--
  Then pray forgive me.(60)

The pen groaneth and the ink sheddeth tears, and the river(61) of the
heart moveth in waves of blood. "Nothing can befall us but what God hath
destined for us."(62) Peace be upon him who followeth the Right Path!

After scaling the high summits of wonderment the wayfarer cometh to




The Valley of True Poverty and Absolute Nothingness


This station is the dying from self and the living in God, the being poor
in self and rich in the Desired One. Poverty as here referred to
signifieth being poor in the things of the created world, rich in the
things of God's world. For when the true lover and devoted friend reacheth
to the presence of the Beloved, the sparkling beauty of the Loved One and
the fire of the lover's heart will kindle a blaze and burn away all veils
and wrappings. Yea, all he hath, from heart to skin, will be set aflame,
so that nothing will remain save the Friend.

  When the qualities of the Ancient of Days stood revealed,
  Then the qualities of earthly things did Moses burn away.(63)

He who hath attained this station is sanctified from all that pertaineth
to the world. Wherefore, if those who have come to the sea of His presence
are found to possess none of the limited things of this perishable world,
whether it be outer wealth or personal opinions, it mattereth not. For
whatever the creatures have is limited by their own limits, and whatever
the True One hath is sanctified therefrom; this utterance must be deeply
pondered that its purport may be clear. "Verily the righteous shall drink
of a winecup tempered at the camphor fountain."(64) If the interpretation
of "camphor" become known, the true intention will be evident. This state
is that poverty of which it is said, "Poverty is My glory."(65) And of
inward and outward poverty there is many a stage and many a meaning which
I have not thought pertinent to mention here; hence I have reserved these
for another time, dependent on what God may desire and fate may seal.

This is the plane whereon the vestiges of all things (Kullu Shay') are
destroyed in the traveler, and on the horizon of eternity the Divine Face
riseth out of the darkness, and the meaning of "All on the earth shall
pass away, but the face of thy Lord...."(66) is made manifest.

O My friend, listen with heart and soul to the songs of the spirit, and
treasure them as thine own eyes. For the heavenly wisdoms, like the clouds
of spring, will not rain down on the earth of men's hearts forever; and
though the grace of the All-Bounteous One is never stilled and never
ceasing, yet to each time and era a portion is allotted and a bounty set
apart, this in a given measure. "And no one thing is there, but with Us
are its storehouses; and We send it not down but in settled measure."(67)
The cloud of the Loved One's mercy raineth only on the garden of the
spirit, and bestoweth this bounty only in the season of spring. The other
seasons have no share in this greatest grace, and barren lands no portion
of this favor.

O Brother! Not every sea hath pearls; not every branch will flower, nor
will the nightingale sing thereon. Then, ere the nightingale of the mystic
paradise repair to the garden of God, and the rays of the heavenly morning
return to the Sun of Truth--make thou an effort, that haply in this
dustheap of the mortal world thou mayest catch a fragrance from the
everlasting garden, and live forever in the shadow of the peoples of this
city. And when thou hast attained this highest station and come to this
mightiest plane, then shalt thou gaze on the Beloved, and forget all else.

  The Beloved shineth on gate and wall
  Without a veil, O men of vision.(68)

Now hast thou abandoned the drop of life and come to the sea of the
Life-Bestower. This is the goal thou didst ask for; if it be God's will,
thou wilt gain it.

In this city, even the veils of light are split asunder and vanish away.
"His beauty hath no veiling save light, His face no covering save
revelation."(69) How strange that while the Beloved is visible as the sun,
yet the heedless still hunt after tinsel and base metal. Yea, the
intensity of His revelation hath covered Him, and the fullness of His
shining forth hath hidden Him.

  Even as the sun, bright hath He shined,
  But alas, He hath come to the town of the blind!(70)

In this Valley, the wayfarer leaveth behind him the stages of the "oneness
of Being and Manifestation"(71) and reacheth a oneness that is sanctified
above these two stations. Ecstasy alone can encompass this theme, not
utterance nor argument; and whosoever hath dwelt at this stage of the
journey, or caught a breath from this garden land, knoweth whereof We
speak.

In all these journeys the traveler must stray not the breadth of a hair
from the "Law," for this is indeed the secret of the "Path" and the fruit
of the Tree of "Truth"; and in all these stages he must cling to the robe
of obedience to the commandments, and hold fast to the cord of shunning
all forbidden things, that he may be nourished from the cup of the Law and
informed of the mysteries of Truth.(72)

If any of the utterances of this Servant may not be comprehended, or may
lead to perturbation, the same must be inquired of again, that no doubt
may linger, and the meaning be clear as the Face of the Beloved One
shining from the "Glorious Station."(73)

These journeys have no visible ending in the world of time, but the
severed wayfarer--if invisible confirmation descend upon him and the
Guardian of the Cause assist him--may cross these seven stages in seven
steps, nay rather in seven breaths, nay rather in a single breath, if God
will and desire it. And this is of "His grace on such of His servants as
He pleaseth."(74)

They who soar in the heaven of singleness and reach to the sea of the
Absolute, reckon this city--which is the station of life in God--as the
furthermost state of mystic knowers, and the farthest homeland of the
lovers. But to this evanescent One of the mystic ocean, this station is
the first gate of the heart's citadel, that is, man's first entrance to
the city of the heart; and the heart is endowed with four stages, which
would be recounted should a kindred soul be found.

  When the pen set to picturing this station,
  It broke in pieces and the page was torn.(75)

Salám!(76)

O My friend! Many a hound pursueth this gazelle of the desert of oneness;
many a talon claweth at this thrush of the eternal garden. Pitiless ravens
do lie in wait for this bird of the heavens of God, and the huntsman of
envy stalketh this deer of the meadow of love.

O Shaykh! Make of thine effort a glass, perchance it may shelter this
flame from the contrary winds; albeit this light doth long to be kindled
in the lamp of the Lord, and to shine in the globe of the spirit. For the
head raised up in the love of God will certainly fall by the sword, and
the life that is kindled with longing will surely be sacrificed, and the
heart which remembereth the Loved One will surely brim with blood. How
well is it said:

  Live free of love, for its very peace is anguish;
  Its beginning is pain, its end is death.(77)

Peace be upon him who followeth the Right Path!

                                * * * * *

The thoughts thou hast expressed as to the interpretation of the common
species of bird that is called in Persian Gunjishk (sparrow) were
considered.(78) Thou appearest to be well-grounded in mystic truth.
However, on every plane, to every letter a meaning is allotted which
relateth to that plane. Indeed, the wayfarer findeth a secret in every
name, a mystery in every letter. In one sense, these letters refer to
holiness.

Káf or Gáf (K or G) referreth to Kuffi ("free"), that is, "Free thyself
from that which thy passion desireth; then advance unto thy Lord."

Nún referreth to Nazzih ("purify"), that is, "Purify thyself from all else
save Him, that thou mayest surrender thy life in His love."

Jím is Jánib ("draw back"), that is, "Draw back from the threshold of the
True One if thou still possessest earthly attributes."

Shín is Ushkúr ("thank")--"Thank thy Lord on His earth that He may bless
thee in His heaven; albeit in the world of oneness, this heaven is the
same as His earth."

Káf referreth to Kuffi, that is: "Take off from thyself the wrappings of
limitations, that thou mayest come to know what thou hast not known of the
states of Sanctity."(79)

Wert thou to harken to the melodies of this mortal Bird,(80) then wouldst
thou seek out the undying chalice and pass by every perishable cup.

Peace be upon those who walk in the Right Path!





THE FOUR VALLEYS




The Four Valleys


_He is the Strong, the Well-Beloved!_

  O light of truth, Hisám-i-Dín, the bounteous,
  No prince hath the world begot like unto Thee!(81)

I am wondering why the tie of love was so abruptly severed, and the firm
covenant of friendship broken. Did ever, God forbid, My devotion lessen,
or My deep affection fail, that thou hast thus forgot Me and blotted Me
from thy thoughts?


    What fault of Mine hath made thee cease thy favors?

    Is it that We are lowly and thou of high degree?(82) Or is that a
    single arrow hath driven thee from the battle?(83) Have they not
    told thee that faithfulness is a duty on those who follow the
    mystic way, that it is the true guide to His Holy Presence? "But
    as for those who say, 'Our Lord is God,' and who go straight to
    Him, the angels shall descend to them...."(84)


Likewise He saith, "Go straight on then as thou hast been commanded."(85)
Wherefore, this course is incumbent on those who dwell in the presence of
God.

  I do as bidden, and I bring the message,
  Whether it give thee counsel or offense.(86)

Albeit I have received no answer to My letters and it is contrary to the
usage of the wise to express My regard anew, yet this new love hath broken
all the old rules and ways.

  Tell us not the tale of Laylí or of Majnún's woe--
  Thy love hath made the world forget the loves of long ago.
  When once thy name was on the tongue, the lovers caught it
  And it set the speakers and the hearers dancing to and fro.(87)

And of divine wisdom and heavenly counsel, [Rúmí says]:

  Each moon, O my beloved, for three days I go mad;
  Today's the first of these--'Tis why thou seest me glad.

We hear that thou hast journeyed to Tabríz and Tiflis to disseminate
knowledge, or that some other high purpose hath taken thee to
Sanandaj.(88), (89)

O My eminent friend! Those who progress in mystic wayfaring are of four
kinds. I shall describe them in brief, that the grades and qualities of
each kind may become plain to thee.




The First Valley


If the travelers seek after the goal of the Intended One (maqsúd), this
station appertaineth to the self--but that self which is "The Self of God
standing within Him with laws."(90)

On this plane, the self is not rejected but beloved; it is well-pleasing
and not to be shunned. Although at the beginning, this plane is the realm
of conflict, yet it endeth in attainment to the throne of splendor. As
they have said: "O Abraham of this day, O Friend Abraham of the Spirit!
Kill these four birds of prey,"(91) that after death the riddle of life
may be unraveled.

This is the plane of the soul who is pleasing unto God. Refer to the
verse:

  O thou soul who art well assured,
  Return to thy Lord, well-pleased, and pleasing unto Him.(92)

which endeth:

  Enter thou among My servants,
  And enter thou My paradise.(93)

This station hath many signs, unnumbered proofs. Hence it is said:
"Hereafter We will show them Our signs in the regions of the earth, and in
themselves, until it become manifest unto them that it is the truth,"(94)
and that there is no God save Him.

One must, then, read the book of his own self, rather than some treatise
on rhetoric. Wherefore He hath said, "Read thy Book: There needeth none
but thyself to make out an account against thee this day."(95)

The story is told of a mystic knower, who went on a journey with a learned
grammarian as his companion. They came to the shore of the Sea of
Grandeur. The knower straightway flung himself into the waves, but the
grammarian stood lost in his reasonings, which were as words that are
written on water. The knower called out to him, "Why dost thou not
follow?" The grammarian answered, "O Brother, I dare not advance. I must
needs go back again." Then the knower cried, "Forget what thou didst read
in the books of Síbávayh and Qawlavayh, of Ibn-i-Hajíb and
Ibn-i-Málik,(96) and cross the water."

  The death of self is needed here, not rhetoric:
  Be nothing, then, and walk upon the waves.(97)

Likewise is it written, "And be ye not like those who forget God, and whom
He hath therefore caused to forget their own selves. These are the wicked
doers."(98)




The Second Valley


If the wayfarer's goal be the dwelling of the Praiseworthy One
(Mahmúd),(99) this is the station of primal reason which is known as the
Prophet and the Most Great Pillar.(100) Here reason signifieth the divine,
universal mind, whose sovereignty enlighteneth all created things--nor doth
it refer to every feeble brain; for it is as the wise Saná'í hath written:

  How can feeble reason encompass the Qur'án,
  Or the spider snare a phoenix in his web?
  Wouldst thou that the mind should not entrap thee?
  Teach it the science of the love of God!

On this plane, the traveler meeteth with many a trial and reverse. Now is
he lifted up to heaven, now is he cast into the depths. As it hath been
said: "Now Thou drawest me to the summit of glory, again Thou castest me
into the lowest abyss." The mystery treasured in this plane is divulged in
the following holy verse from the Súrih of THE CAVE:(101)

"And thou mightest have seen the sun when it arose, pass on the right of
their cave, and when it set, leave them on the left, while they were in
its spacious chamber. This is one of the signs of God. Guided indeed is he
whom God guideth; but for him whom He misleadeth, thou shalt by no means
find a patron."

If a man could know what lieth hid in this one verse, it would suffice
him. Wherefore, in praise of such as these, He hath said: "Men whom
neither merchandise nor traffic beguile from the remembrance of
God...."(102)

This station conferreth the true standard of knowledge, and freeth man
from tests. In this realm, to search after knowledge is irrelevant, for He
hath said concerning the guidance of travelers on this plane, "Fear God,
and God will instruct thee."(103) And again: "Knowledge is a light which
God casteth into the heart of whomsoever He willeth."(104)

Wherefore, a man should make ready his heart that it be worthy of the
descent of heavenly grace, and that the bounteous Cup-Bearer may give him
to drink of the wine of bestowal from the merciful vessel. "For the like
of this let the travailers travail!"(105)

And now do I say, "Verily we are from God, and to Him shall we
return."(106)




The Third Valley


If the loving seekers wish to live within the precincts of the Attracting
One (Majdhúb),(107) no soul may dwell on this Kingly Throne save the
beauty of love. This realm is not to be pictured in words.

  Love shunneth this world and that world too,
  In him are lunacies seventy-and-two.
  The minstrel of love harpeth this lay:
  Servitude enslaveth, kingship doth betray.(108)

This plane requireth pure affection and the bright stream of fellowship.
In telling of these companions of the Cave He saith: "They speak not till
He hath spoken; and they do His bidding."(109)

On this plane, neither the reign of reason is sufficient nor the authority
of self. Hence, one of the Prophets of God hath asked: "O my Lord, how
shall we reach unto Thee?" And the answer came, "Leave thyself behind, and
then approach Me."

These are a people who deem the lowest place to be one with the throne of
glory, and to them beauty's bower differeth not from the field of a battle
fought in the cause of the Beloved.

The denizens of this plane speak no words--but they gallop their chargers.
They see but the inner reality of the Beloved. To them all words of sense
are meaningless, and senseless words are full of meaning. They cannot tell
one limb from another, one part from another. To them the mirage is the
real river; to them going away is returning. Wherefore hath it been said:

  The story of Thy beauty reached the hermit's dell;
  Crazed, he sought the Tavern where the wine they buy and sell.
  The love of Thee hath leveled down the fort of patience,
  The pain of Thee hath firmly barred the gate of hope as well.(110)

In this realm, instruction is assuredly of no avail.

  The lover's teacher is the Loved One's beauty,
  His face their lesson and their only book.
  Learning of wonderment, of longing love their duty,
  Not on learned chapters and dull themes they look.
  The chain that binds them is His musky hair,
  The Cyclic Scheme,(111) to them, is but to Him a stair.(112)

Here followeth a supplication to God, the Exalted, the Glorified:

  O Lord! O Thou Whose bounty granteth wishes!
  I stand before Thee, all save Thee forgetting.
  Grant that the mote of knowledge in my spirit
  Escape desire and the lowly clay;
  Grant that Thine ancient gift, this drop of wisdom,
  Merge with Thy mighty sea.(113)

Thus do I say: There is no power or might save in God, the Protector, the
Self-Subsistent.(114)




The Fourth Valley


If the mystic knowers be of those who have reached to the beauty of the
Beloved One (Mahbúb), this station is the apex of consciousness and the
secret of divine guidance. This is the center of the mystery: "He doth
what He willeth, ordaineth what He pleaseth."(115)

Were all the denizens of earth and heaven to unravel this shining
allusion, this darksome riddle, until the Day when the Trumpet soundeth,
yet would they fail to comprehend even a letter thereof, for this is the
station of God's immutable decree, His foreordained mystery. Hence, when
searchers inquired of this, He made reply, "This is a bottomless sea which
none shall ever fathom."(116) And they asked again, and He answered, "It
is the blackest of nights through which none can find his way."

Whoso knoweth this secret will assuredly hide it, and were he to reveal
but its faintest trace they would nail him to the cross. Yet, by the
Living God, were there any true seeker, I would divulge it to him; for
they have said: "Love is a light that never dwelleth in a heart possessed
by fear."

Verily, the wayfarer who journeyeth unto God, unto the Crimson Pillar in
the snow-white path, will never reach unto his heavenly goal unless he
abandoneth all that men possess: "And if he feareth not God, God will make
him to fear all things; whereas all things fear him who feareth God."(117)

  Speak in the Persian tongue, though the Arab please thee more;
  A lover hath many a tongue at his command.(118)

How sweet is this couplet which revealeth such a truth:

  See, our hearts come open like shells, when He raineth grace like
              pearls,
  And our lives are ready targets, when agony's arrows He hurls.

And were it not contrary to the Law of the Book, I would verily bequeath a
part of My possessions to the one who would put Me to death, and I would
name him My heir; yea, I would bestow upon him a portion, would render him
thanks, would seek to refresh Mine eyes with the touch of his hand. But
what can I do? I have no possessions, no power, and this is what God hath
ordained.(119)

Methinks at this moment, I catch the fragrance of His garment(120) blowing
from the Egypt of Bahá;(121) verily He seemeth near at hand, though men
may think Him far away.(122) My soul doth smell the perfume shed by the
Beloved One; My sense is filled with the fragrance of My dear Companion.

  The duty of long years of love obey
  And tell the tale of happy days gone by,
  That land and sky may laugh aloud today,
  And it may gladden mind and heart and eye.(123)

This is the realm of full awareness, of utter self-effacement. Even love
is no pathway to this region, and longing hath no dwelling here; wherefore
is it said, "Love is a veil betwixt the lover and the beloved." Here love
becometh an obstruction and a barrier, and all else save Him is but a
curtain. The wise Saná'í hath written:

  Never the covetous heart shall come to the stealer of hearts,
  Never the shrouded soul unite with beauty's rose.

For this is the realm of Absolute Command and is free of all the
attributes of earth.

The exalted dwellers in this mansion do wield divine authority in the
court of rapture, with utter gladness, and they do bear a kingly sceptre.
On the high seats of justice, they issue their commands, and they send
down gifts according to each man's deserving. Those who drink of this cup
abide in the high bowers of splendor above the Throne of the Ancient of
Days, and they sit in the Empyrean of Might within the Lofty Pavilion:
"Naught shall they know of sun or piercing cold."(124)

Herein the high heavens are in no conflict with the lowly earth, nor do
they seek to excel it, for this is the land of mercy, not the realm of
distinction. Albeit at every moment these souls appear in a new office,
yet their condition is ever the same. Wherefore of this realm it is
written, "No work withholdeth Him from another."(125) And of another state
it is said: "Every day doth some new work employ Him."(126) This is the
food whose savor changeth not, whose color altereth not. If thou eatest
thereof, thou shalt verily chant this verse: "I turn my face to Him Who
hath created the Heavens and the earth ... I am not one of those who add
gods to God."(127) "And thus did we show Abraham the Kingdom of the
Heavens and of the Earth, that He might be established in knowledge."(128)
Wherefore, put thy hand into thy bosom, then stretch it forth with power,
and behold, thou shalt find it a light unto all the world."(129)

How crystal this cool water that the Cup-Bearer bringeth! How bright this
pure wine in the hands of the Beloved! How delicate this draught from the
Heavenly Cup! May it do them good, whoso drink thereof, and taste of its
sweetness and attain to its knowledge.

  It is not fitting that I tell thee more,
  For the stream's bed cannot hold the sea.(130)

For the mystery of this utterance is hid within the storehouse of the
Great Infallibility(131) and laid up in the treasuries of power. It is
sanctified above the jewels of explanation; it is beyond what the most
subtle of tongues can tell.

Astonishment here is highly prized, and utter poverty essential. Wherefore
hath it been said, "Poverty is My pride."(132) And again: "God hath a
people beneath the dome of glory, whom He hideth in the clothing of
radiant poverty."(133) These are they who see with His eyes, hear with His
ears, as it is written in the well-known tradition.

Concerning this realm, there is many a tradition and many a verse, of
broad or special relevancy, but two of these will suffice to serve as a
light for men of mind and heart.

The first is His statement: "O My Servant! Obey Me and I shall make thee
like unto Myself. I say 'Be,' and it is, and thou shalt say 'Be,' and it
shall be."

And the second: "O Son of Adam! Seek fellowship with none until thou hast
found Me, and whenever thou shalt long for Me, thou shalt find Me close to
thee."

Whatever high proofs and wondrous allusions are recounted herein, concern
but a single Letter, a single Point. "Such hath been the way of God ...
and no change canst thou find in the way of God."(134)

I began this epistle some time ago, in thy remembrance, and since thy
letter had not reached me then, I began with some words of reproach. Now,
thy new missive hath dispelled that feeling and causeth Me to write thee.
To speak of My love for thine Eminence is needless. "God is a sufficient
witness!"(135) For his Eminence Shaykh Muhammad--May God the Exalted bless
him!--I shall confine Myself to the two following verses which I request be
delivered to him:

  I seek thy nearness, dearer than sweet Heaven;
  I see thy visage, fairer than Paradise bowers.(136)

When I entrusted this message of love to My pen, it refused the burden,
and it swooned away. Then coming to itself, it spoke and said, "Glory be
to Thee! To Thee do I turn in penitence, and I am the first of them that
believe."(137) Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds!

  Let us tell, some other day
  This parting hurt and woe;
  Let us write, some other way,
  Love's secrets--better so.
  Leave blood and noise and all of these,
  And say no more of Shams-i-Tabríz.(138)

Peace be upon thee, and upon those who circle around thee and attain thy
meeting.

What I had written ere this hath been eaten by the flies, so sweet was the
ink. As Sa'dí saith: "I shall forbear from writing any longer, for my
sweet words have drawn the flies about me."

And now the hand can write no more, and pleadeth that this is enough.
Wherefore do I say, "Far be the glory of thy Lord, the Lord of all
greatness, from what they affirm of Him."(139)






FOOTNOTES


    1 The Manifestation.

    2 Muhammad, Ahmad and Mahmúd are names and titles of the Prophet,
      derived from the verb "to praise," "to exalt."

    3 Qur'án 17:110.

    4 Sermon by 'Alí.

    5 Qur'án 2:282.

    6 Qur'án 16:71.

    7 Qur'án 16:71.

    8 The holy Sanctuary at Mecca. Here the word means "goal."

    9 Qur'án 29:69: "And whoso maketh efforts for Us, in Our ways will We
      guide them."

   10 The holy Sanctuary at Mecca. Here the word means "goal."

   11 Literally, Majnún means "insane." This is the title of the
      celebrated lover of ancient Persian and Arabian lore, whose beloved
      was Laylí, daughter of an Arabian prince. Symbolizing true human
      love bordering on the divine, the story has been made the theme of
      many a Persian romantic poem, particularly that of Nizámí, written
      in 1188-1189 A.D.

   12 Arabian proverb.

   13 Refer to the story of Joesph in the Qur'án and the Old Testament.

   14 Farídu'd-Dín Attár (ca. 1150-1230 A.D.), the great Persian Súfí
      poet.

   15 Persian mystic poem.

   16 Persian mystic poem. Cf. The Hidden Words, No. 7, Arabic.

   17 Qur'án 50:29.

   18 Jalálu'd-Dín Rúmí (1207-1273 A.D.); The Mathnaví. Jalálu'd-Dín,
      called Mawláná ("our Master"), is the greatest of all Persian Súfí
      poets, and founder of the Mawlaví "whirling" dervish order.

   19 From an ode by Bahá'u'lláh.

   20 Qur'án 67:3.

   21 Qur'án 67:3.

   22 Qur'án 41:53.

   23 Qur'án 41:53.

   24 Qur'án 57:3.

   25 Saying attributed to 'Alí.

   26 Shaykh Abú Ismá'íl 'Abdu'lláh Ansárí of Hirát (1006-1088 A.D.) Súfí
      leader, descended from the Prophet's companion Abú Ayyúb. Chiefly
      known for his Munáját (Supplications) and Rubá'íyyát (Quatrains).
      "Ansár" means the "Helpers" or companions of Muhammad in Medina.

   27 Qur'án 1:5.

   28 The Mathnaví.

   29 This refers to the mystic wandering and search for truth guided by
      "Lights" or Súfí leaders. Bahá'u'lláh here warns the mystics that
      the coming of the Divine Manifestation in His Day makes further
      search unnecessary, as it was said by 'Alí: "Quench the lamp when
      the sun hath risen"--the sun referring to the Manifestation of God in
      the New Day.

   30 The Mathnaví.

   31 Qur'án 2:151.

   32 The Mathnaví.

   33 Qur'án 4:80.

   34 Qur'án 18:37.

   35 The holy Sanctuary at Mecca. Here the word means "goal."

   36 This refers to Bahá'u'lláh's own Manifestation.

   37 The Mathnaví.

   38 Qur'án 16:63.

   39 Hadíth, i.e. action or utterance traditionally attributed to the
      Prophet Muhammad or to one of the holy Imáms.

   40 Qur'án 83:28.

   41 Sermon by 'Alí.

   42 Hadíth, i.e. action or utterance traditionally attributed to the
      Prophet Muhammad or to one of the holy Imáms.

   43 The Prophet Muhammad.

   44 The Prophet Muhammad.

   45 Háfiz: Shamsu'd-Dín Muhammad, of Shíráz, died ca. 1389 A.D. One of
      the greatest of Persian poets.

   46 Hadíth, i.e. action or utterance traditionally attributed to the
      Prophet Muhammad or to one of the holy Imáms.

   47 The Mathnaví.

   48 Qur'án 57:3.

   49 The Mathnaví.

   50 This refers to the Súfí idea of the inner plane, which compared to
      Revealed Truth is but unreal.

   51 The Mathnaví.

   52 This refers to Bahá'u'lláh Himself, Who had not yet declared His
      mission.

   53 Qur'án 4:129.

   54 Háfiz: Shamsu'd-Dín Muhammad, of Shíráz, died ca. 1389 A.D. One of
      the greatest of Persian poets.

   55 Arabian poem.

   56 Hadíth, i.e. action or utterance traditionally attributed to the
      Prophet Muhammad or to one of the holy Imáms.

   57 From Qur'án 50:21.

   58 Persian mystic poem.

   59 'Alí.

   60 The Mathnaví.

   61 Literally "Jayhún," a river in Turkistán.

   62 Qur'án 9:51.

   63 The Mathnaví.

   64 Qur'án 76:5.

   65 Muhammad.

   66 Qur'án 55:26, 27.

   67 Qur'án 15:21.

   68 Farídu'd-Dín Attár (ca. 1150-1230 A.D.), the great Persian Súfí
      poet.

   69 Hadíth, i.e. action or utterance traditionally attributed to the
      Prophet Muhammad or to one of the holy Imáms.

   70 The Mathnaví.

   71 Pantheism, a Súfí doctrine derived from the formula: "Only God
      exists; He is in all things, and all things are in Him."

   72 This refers to the three stages of Súfí life: 1. Sharí'at, or
      Religious Laws; 2. Taríqat, or the Path on which the mystic wayfarer
      journeys in search of the True One; this stage also includes
      anchoretism. 3. Haqíqat, or the Truth which, to the Súfí, is the
      goal of the journey through all three stages. Here Bahá'u'lláh
      teaches that, contrary to the belief of certain Súfís who in their
      search for the Truth consider themselves above all law, obedience to
      the Laws of Religion is essential.

   73 Maqám-i-Mahmúd. Qur'án 17:81.

   74 Qur'án 2:84.

   75 Persian mystic poem.

   76 "Peace." This word is used in concluding a thesis.

   77 Arabian poem.

   78 The five letters comprising this word in Persian are: G, N, J, SH,
      K, that is, Gáf, Nún, Jím, Shín, Káf.

   79 This and the foregoing quotations are from the teachings of Islám.

   80 This is a reference in the traditional Persian style to Bahá'u'lláh
      Himself.

   81 Mathnaví of Rúmí.

   82 Sa'dí, Muslihu'd-Dín of Shíráz (ca. 1184-1291), famed author of the
      Gulistán and other poetical works.

   83 Persian proverb describing a man who gives up easily. As used here
      one connotation is that the Shaykh might have considered his station
      as a mystic leader compromised by the fact of his being taught the
      new truth by Bahá'u'lláh.

   84 Qur'án 41:30.

   85 Qur'án 11:114; 42:14.

   86 Sa'dí.

   87 Ibid.

   88 Senna, capital of Persian Kurdistán.

   89 This preamble to The Four Valleys is written in the finest Persian
      epistolary style. The rules of classical letter writing in Persian
      require quotations from literary works, and assertions of abiding
      love for the one addressed, who is chided for having neglected the
      writer.

   90 Hadíth.

   91 The Mathnaví. Here Rúmí tells a story of four evil birds which, when
      put to death, changed into four birds of goodness. The allegory
      refers to subduing evil qualities and replacing them with good.

   92 Qur'án 89:27-30.

   93 Qur'án 89:27-30.

   94 Qur'án 41:53.

   95 Qur'án 17:15.

   96 Famed writers on grammar and rhetoric.

   97 The Mathnaví.

   98 Qur'án 59:19.

   99 An attribute of God and one of the titles of Muhammad.

  100 Maqám-i-Mahmúd--Praiseworthy Station--is the rank of Prophets endowed
      with constancy.

  101 Qur'án 18:16. This is a reference to the station of complete faith.
      The companions of the Cave are identified with early Christian
      martyrs.

  102 Qur'án 24:37.

  103 Qur'án 2:282.

  104 Hadíth.

  105 Qur'án 37:59.

  106 Qur'án 2:151.

  107 That attribute of God which draws all creatures to Him.

  108 The Mathnaví.

  109 Qur'án 21:27.

  110 Sa'dí.

  111 The Cyclic Theory of Abú-'Alí Síná (Avicenna--980-1037) as expressed
      by him in the quatrain: Every semblance, every shape that perisheth
      today In the treasure-house of Time is safely stored away. When the
      world revolveth to its former place, Out of the Invisible He draweth
      forth its face. See also Some Answered Questions, p. 326.

  112 The Mathnaví.

  113 Ibid.

  114 From Qur'án 18:37.

  115 Qur'án 2:254; 5:1, etc

  116 Statement attributed to 'Alí.

  117 This quotation is in Arabic.

  118 The Mathnaví.

  119 This was revealed before the Declaration of Bahá'u'lláh. The lines
      following refer to the imminence of His Manifestation.

  120 Literally, the garment of Há, which is the letter "H" and here
      represents Bahá.

  121 This reference is to the story of Joseph in the Qur'án and the
      Bible.

  122 This refers to those who did not expect the imminent advent of Him
      Whom God Shall Manifest.

  123 The Mathnaví.

  124 Qur'án 76:13.

  125 This quotation is from one of the commentators on Qur'án 55:29. Cf.
      the dictionary Lisánu'l-'Arab.

  126 Qur'án 55:29.

  127 Qur'án 6:79.

  128 Qur'án 6:75.

  129 Cf. Qur'án 7:105 etc., and Hadíth.

  130 The Mathnaví.

  131 Ismat-i-Kubrá, the invariable attribute of the Divine Manifestation.

  132 Muhammad.

  133 Hadíth.

  134 Qur'án 33:62; 48:23.

  135 Qur'án 4:164.

  136 Sa'dí.

  137 Qur'án 7:140.

  138 Shams-i-Tabríz, the Súfí who exerted a powerful influence on
      Jalálu'd-Dín Rúmí, diverting his attention from science to
      Mysticism. A great part of Rúmí's works are dedicated to him. These
      lines are from the Mathnaví.

  139 Qur'án 37:180.







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