The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Inflexible Captive: A Tragedy, in Five Acts
    
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online
at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States,
you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located
before using this eBook.

Title: The Inflexible Captive: A Tragedy, in Five Acts

Author: Hannah More

Release date: May 29, 2011 [eBook #36256]

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Delphine Lettau and the Online Distributed
        Proofreading Canada Team at http://www.pgdpcanada.net


*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE INFLEXIBLE CAPTIVE: A TRAGEDY, IN FIVE ACTS ***




Produced by Delphine Lettau and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Canada Team at http://www.pgdpcanada.net









  THE
  INFLEXIBLE CAPTIVE:

  A TRAGEDY.
  IN FIVE ACTS.

  AS IT WAS ACTED AT THE
  THEATRE ROYAL, AT BATH.


   The man resolv'd, and steady to his trust,
   Inflexible to ill, and obstinately just.


       *       *       *       *       *


 Drawn from:

 THE
 WORKS
 OF

 HANNAH MORE.

 VOL. II.

 LONDON
 PRINTED FOR T. CADELL, STRAND
 1830.


       *       *       *       *       *


  TO
  THE HONOURABLE
  MRS. BOSCAWEN.


  MY DEAR MADAM,

It seems somewhat extraordinary that although with persons of great
merit and delicacy no virtue stands in higher estimation than truth,
yet, in such an address as the present, there would be some danger
of offending them by a strict adherence to it; I mean by uttering
truths so generally acknowledged, that every one, except the person
addressed, would acquit the writer of flattery. And it will be a
singular circumstance to see a Dedication without praise, to a lady
possessed of every quality and accomplishment which can justly entitle
her to it.

  I am,

  MY DEAR MADAM,
  With great respect,
  your most obedient,
  and very obliged humble servant,

  THE AUTHOR.




THE ARGUMENT.


Among the great names which have done honour to antiquity in general,
and to the Roman Republic in particular, that of Marcus Attilius Regulus
has, by the general consent of all ages, been considered as one of the
most splendid, since he not only sacrificed his labours, his liberty,
and his life for the good of his country, but by a greatness of soul,
almost peculiar to himself, contrived to make his very misfortunes
contribute to that glorious end.

After the Romans had met with various successes in the first Punic
war, under the command of Regulus, victory at length declared for the
opposite party, the Roman army was totally overthrown, and Regulus
himself taken prisoner, by Xantippus, a Lacedæmonian General in the
service of the Carthaginians: the victorious enemy exulting in so
important a conquest, kept him many years in close imprisonment, and
loaded him with the most cruel indignities. They thought it was now
in their power to make their own terms with Rome, and determined to
send Regulus thither with their ambassador, to negotiate a peace, or
at least an exchange of captives, thinking he would gladly persuade
his countrymen to discontinue a war, which necessarily prolonged his
captivity. They previously exacted from him an oath to return should his
embassy prove unsuccessful; at the same time giving him to understand,
that he must expect to suffer a cruel death if he failed in it; this
they artfully intimated as the strongest motive for him to leave no
means unattempted to accomplish their purpose.

At the unexpected arrival of this venerable hero, the Romans expressed
the wildest transports of joy, and would have submitted to almost
any conditions to procure his enlargement; but Regulus, so far from
availing himself of his influence with the Senate to obtain any personal
advantages, employed it to induce them to reject proposals so evidently
tending to dishonour their country, declaring his fixed resolution to
return to bondage and death, rather than violate his oath.

He at last extorted from them their consent; and departed amidst the
tears of his family, the importunites of his friends, the applauses of
the Senate, and the tumultuous opposition of the people; and, as a great
poet of his own nation beautifully observes, "he embarked for Carthage
as calm and unconcerned as if, on finishing the tedious law-suits of his
clients, he was retiring to Venafrian fields, or the sweet country of
Tarentum."

       *       *       *       *       *

==> This piece is, in many parts, a pretty close imitation of the
_Attilio Regolo_ of Metastasio, but enlarged and extended into a tragedy
of five acts. Historical truth has in general been followed, except in
some less essential instances, particularly that of placing the return
of Regulus to Rome posterior to the death of his wife. The writer
herself never considered the plot as sufficiently bustling and dramatic
for representation.




 PROLOGUE.

 WRITTEN BY THE REV. DR. LANGHORNE.


 Deep in the bosom of departed days,
 Where the first gems of human glory blaze;
 Where, crown'd with flowers, in wreaths immortal drest,
 The sacred shades of ancient virtue rest;
 With joy they search, who joy can feel, to find
 Some honest reason still to love mankind.
 There the fair foundress of the scene to-night
 Explores the paths that dignify delight;
 The regions of the mighty dead pervades;
 The Sibyl she that leads us to the shades.
 O may each blast of ruder breath forbear
 To waft her light leaves on the ruthless air,
 Since she, as heedless, strives not to maintain
 This tender offspring of her teeming brain!
 For this poor birth was no provision made,
 A flower that sprung and languish'd in the shade.
 On Avon's banks, forsaken and forlorn,
 This careless mother left her elder born;
 And though unlike what Avon hail'd of yore,
 Those giant sons that Shakspeare's banners bore,
 Yet may we yield this little offspring grace,
 And love the last and least of such a race.
 Shall the strong scenes, where senatorial Rome,
 Mourn'd o'er the rigour of her patriot's doom;
 Where melting Nature aw'd by Virtue's eye,
 Hid the big drop, and held the bursting sigh;
 Where all that majesty of soul can give,
 Truth, Honour, Pity, fair Affection live;
 Shall scenes like these, the glory of an age,
 Gleam from the press, nor triumph on the stage?
 Forbid it, Britons! and, as Romans brave,
 Like Romans boast one citizen to save.




 DRAMATIS PERSONÆ.


 REGULUS,                        _Mr. Henderson._
 PUBLIUS, his Son,               _Mr. Dimond._
 MANLIUS, the Consul,            _Mr. Blisset._
 LICINIUS, a Tribune,            _Mr. Brown._
 HAMILCAR, the Carthaginian }    _Mr. Rowbotham._
   Ambassador,              }

 ATTILIA, daughter of Regulus,   _Miss Mansell._
 BARCE, a Carthaginian captive,  _Miss Wheeler._

 Guards, Lictors, People, &c.

 SCENE--_Near the Gates of Rome._




 THE INFLEXIBLE CAPTIVE.




 ACT I.


 SCENE--_A Hall in the Consul's Palace._

 _Enter_ LICINIUS, ATTILIA, _Lictors and People_.


 _Lic._ Attilia waiting here? Is't possible?
 Is this a place for Regulus's daughter?
 Just gods! must that incomparable maid
 Associate here with Lictors and Plebeians?

 _At._ Yes, on this threshold patiently I wait
 The Consul's coming; I would make him blush
 To see me here his suitor. O Licinius,
 This is no time for form and cold decorum;
 Five lagging years have crept their tedious round,
 And Regulus, alas! is still a slave,
 A wretched slave, unpitied, and forgotten;
 No other tribute paid his memory,
 Than the sad tears of his unhappy child;
 If _she_ be silent, who will speak for Regulus?

 _Lic._ Let not her sorrows make my fair unjust.
 Is there in Rome a heart so dead to virtue
 That does not beat in Regulus's cause?
 That wearies not the gods for his return?
 That does not think all subjugated Afric
 A slender, unimportant acquisition,
 If, in return for this extended empire,
 The freedom of thy father be the purchase?
 These are the feelings of Imperial Rome;
 My own, it were superfluous to declare.
 For if _Licinius_ were to weigh his merit,
 That he's _thy father_ were sufficient glory.
 He was my leader, train'd me up to arms;
 And if I boast a spark of Roman honour,
 I owe it to _his_ precepts and _his_ virtues.

 _At._ And yet I have not seen Licinius stir.

 _Lic._ Ah! spare me thy reproaches--what, when late
 A private citizen, could I attempt?
 'Twas not the lust of power, or pride of rank,
 Which made me seek the dignity of tribune;
 No, my Attilia, but I fondly hop'd
 'Twould strengthen and enforce the just request
 Which as a _private_ man I vainly urg'd;
 But now, the people's representative,
 I shall _demand_, Attilia, to be heard.

 _At._ Ah! let us not too hastily apply
 This dang'rous remedy; I would not rouse
 Fresh tumults 'twixt the people and the senate:
 Each views with jealousy the idol, Power,
 Which, each possessing, would alike abuse.
 What one demands the other still denies.
 Might _I_ advise you, try a gentler method;
 I know that every moment Rome expects
 Th' ambassador of Carthage, nay, 'tis said
 The Conscript Fathers are already met
 To give him audience in Bellona's temple.
 There might the Consul at my suit, Licinius,
 Propose the ransom of my captive father.

 _Lic._ Ah! think, Attilia, who that Consul is,
 Manlius, thy father's rival, and his foe:
 His ancient rival, and his foe profess'd:
 To hope in him, my fair, were fond delusion.

 _At._ Yet though his rival, Manlius is a _Roman_:
 Nor will he think of private enmities,
 Weigh'd in the balance with the good of Rome:
 Let me at least make trial of his honour.

 _Lic._ Be it so, my fair! but elsewhere make thy suit;
 Let not the Consul meet Attilia _here_,
 Confounded with the refuse of the people.

 _At._ Yes, I will see him _here_, e'en _here_, Licinius.
 Let _Manlius_ blush, not _me_: _here_ will I speak,
 _Here_ shall he answer me.

 _Lic._                        Behold he comes.

 _At._ Do thou retire.

 _Lic._                  O bless me with a look,
 One parting look at least.

 _At._                     Know, my Licinius,
 That at this moment I am all the _daughter_,
 The filial feelings now possess my soul,
 And other passions find no entrance there.

 _Lic._ O sweet, yet powerful influence of virtue,
 That charms though cruel, though unkind subdues,
 And what was love exalts to admiration!
 Yes, 'tis the privilege of souls like thine
 To conquer most when least they aim at conquest.
 Yet, ah! vouchsafe to think upon Licinius,
 Nor fear to rob thy father of his due;
 For surely virtue and the gods approve
 Unwearied constancy and spotless love.
                                   [_Exit_ LICINIUS.

    _Enter_ MANLIUS.

 _At._ Ah! Manlius, stay, a moment stay, and hear me.

 _Man._ I did not think to meet thee here, Attilia;
 The place so little worthy of the guest.

 _At._ It would, indeed, have ill become Attilia,
 While still her father was a Roman citizen;
 But for the daughter of a slave to Carthage,
 It surely is most fitting.

 _Man._                   Say, Attilia,
 What is the purpose of thy coming hither!

 _At._ What is the purpose, patience, pitying heaven!
 Tell me, how long, to Rome's eternal shame,
 To fill with horror all the wond'ring world,
 My father still must groan in Punic chains,
 And waste the tedious hours in cruel bondage?
 Days follow days, and years to years succeed,
 And Rome forgets her hero, is content
 That Regulus be a forgotten slave.
 What is his crime? is it that he preferr'd
 His country's profit to his children's good?
 Is it th' unshaken firmness of his soul,
 Just, uncorrupt, and, boasting, let me speak it,
 Poor in the highest dignities of Rome?
 O glorious poverty! illustrious crime!

 _Man._ But know, Attilia----

 _At._                     O have patience with me.
 And can ungrateful _Rome_ so soon forget?
 Can those who breathe the air _he_ breath'd forget
 The great, the godlike virtues of my father?
 There's not a part of Rome but speaks his praise.
 The _streets_--through them the _hero_ pass'd triumphant:
 The _Forum_--there the _Legislator_ plann'd
 The wisest, purest laws:--_the Senate House_--
 There spoke the _patriot Roman_--there his voice
 Secur'd the public safety: Manlius, yes;
 The wisdom of his councils match'd his valour.
 Enter the _Temples_--mount the _Capitol_--
 And tell me, Manlius, to what hand but _his_
 They owe their trophies, and their ornaments.
 Their foreign banners, and their boasted ensigns,
 Tarentine, Punic, and Sicilian spoils?
 Nay, e'en those lictors who precede thy steps,
 This Consul's purple which invests thy limbs,
 All, all were Regulus's, were my father's.
 And yet this hero, this exalted patriot,
 This man of virtue, this immortal Roman,
 In base requital for his services,
 Is left to linger out a life in chains,
 No honours paid him but a daughter's tears.
 O Rome! O Regulus! O thankless citizens!

 _Man._ Just are thy tears:--thy father well deserves them;
 But know thy censure is unjust, Attilia.
 The fate of Regulus is felt by all:
 We know and mourn the cruel woes he suffers
 From barbarous Carthage.

 _At._                      Manlius, you mistake;
 Alas! it is not Carthage which is barbarous;
 'Tis Rome, ungrateful Rome, is the barbarian;
 Carthage but punishes a foe profess'd,
 But Rome betrays her hero and her father:
 Carthage remembers how he slew her sons,
 But Rome forgets the blood he shed for _her_:
 Carthage revenges an acknowledged foe,
 But Rome, with basest perfidy, rewards
 The glorious hand that bound her brow with laurels.
 Which now is the barbarian, Rome or Carthage?

 _Man._ What can be done?

 _At._                   A woman shall inform you.
 Convene the senate; let them strait propose
 A ransom, or exchange for Regulus,
 To Africa's ambassador. Do this,
 And heaven's best blessings crown your days with peace.

 _Man._ Thou speakest like a _daughter_, I, Attilia,
 Must as a _Consul_ act; I must consult
 The good of Rome, and with her good, her glory.
 Would it not tarnish her unspotted fame,
 To sue to Carthage on the terms thou wishest?

 _At._ Ah! rather own thou'rt still my father's foe.

 _Man._ Ungen'rous maid! no fault of mine concurr'd
 To his destruction. 'Twas the chance of war.
 Farewell! ere this the senate is assembled----
 My presence is requir'd.----Speak to the fathers,
 And try to soften _their_ austerity;
 _My_ rigour they may render vain, for know,
 I am Rome's _Consul_, not her _King_, Attilia.
                 [_Exit_ MANLIUS _with the lictors, &c._

 _At._ (_alone._)
 This flattering hope, alas! has prov'd abortive.
 One Consul is our foe, the other absent.
 What shall the sad Attilia next attempt?
 Suppose I crave assistance from the people!
 Ah! my unhappy father, on what hazards,
 What strange vicissitudes, what various turns,
 Thy life, thy liberty, thy all depends!

    _Enter_ BARCE (_in haste_).

 _Barce._ Ah, my Attilia!

 _At._                     Whence this eager haste?

 _Barce._ Th' ambassador of Carthage is arriv'd.

 _At._ And why does _that_ excite such wondrous transport?

 _Barce._ I bring another cause of greater still.

 _At._ Name it, my Barce.

 _Barce._                    _Regulus_ comes with him.

 _At._ My father! can it be?

 _Barce._                    Thy father----Regulus.

 _At._ Thou art deceiv'd, or thou deceiv'st thy friend.

 _Barce._ Indeed I saw him not, but every tongue
 Speaks the glad tidings.

    _Enter_ PUBLIUS.

 _At._                     See where Publius comes.

 _Pub._ My sister, I'm transported! Oh, Attilia,
 He's here, our father----Regulus is come!

 _At._ I thank you, gods: O my full heart! where is he?
 Hasten, my brother, lead, O lead me to him.

 _Pub._ It is too soon: restrain thy fond impatience.
 With Africa's ambassador he waits,
 Until th' assembled senate give him audience.

 _At._ Where was he Publius when thou saw'st him first?

 _Pub._ You know, in quality of Roman quæstor,
 My duty 'tis to find a fit abode
 For all ambassadors of foreign states.
 Hearing the Carthaginian was arriv'd,
 I hasten'd to the port, when, O just gods!
 No foreigner, no foe, no African
 Salutes my eye, but Regulus----my father!

 _At._ Oh mighty joy! too exquisite delight!
 What said the hero? tell me, tell me all,
 And ease my anxious breast.

 _Pub._                         Ere I arriv'd,
 My father stood already on the shore,
 Fixing his eyes with anxious eagerness,
 As straining to descry the Capitol.
 I saw, and flew with transport to embrace him,
 Pronounc'd with wildest joy the name of father--
 With reverence seiz'd his venerable hand,
 And would have kiss'd it; when the awful hero,
 With that stern grandeur which made Carthage tremble,
 Drew back--stood all collected in himself,
 And said austerely, Know, thou rash young man,
 That _slaves_ in _Rome_ have not the rights of _fathers_.
 Then ask'd, if yet the senate was assembled,
 And where? which having heard, without indulging
 The fond effusions of his soul, or mine,
 He suddenly retir'd. I flew with speed
 To find the Consul, but as yet success
 Attends not my pursuit. Direct me to him.

 _Barce._ Publius, you'll find him in Bellona's temple.

 _At._ Then Regulus returns to Rome a slave!

 _Pub._ Yes, but be comforted; I know he brings
 Proposals for a peace; his will's his fate.

 _At._ Rome may, perhaps, refuse to treat of peace.

 _Pub._ Didst thou behold the universal joy
 At his return, thou wouldst not doubt success.
 There's not a tongue in Rome but, wild with transport,
 Proclaims aloud that Regulus is come;
 The streets are filled with thronging multitudes,
 Pressing with eager gaze to catch a look.
 The happy man who can descry him first,
 Points him to his next neighbour, he to his;
 Then what a thunder of applause goes round;
 What music to the ear of filial love!
 Attilia! not a Roman eye was seen,
 But shed pure tears of exquisite delight.
 Judge of my feelings by thy own, my sister.
 By the large measure of thy fond affection,
 Judge mine.

 _At._ Where is Licinius? find him out;
 My joy is incomplete till he partakes it.
 When doubts and fears have rent my anxious heart,
 In all my woes he kindly bore a part:
 Felt all my sorrows with a soul sincere,
 Sigh'd as I sigh'd, and number'd tear for tear:
 Now favouring heav'n my ardent vows has blest,
 He shall divide the transports of my breast.
                                      [_Exit_ ATTILIA.

 _Pub._ Barce, adieu!

 _Barce._               Publius, a moment hear me.
 Know'st thou the name of Africa's ambassador?

 _Pub._ Hamilcar.

 _Barce._           Son of Hanno?

 _Pub._                            Yes! the same.

 _Barce._ Ah me! Hamilcar!--How shall I support it!   [_Aside._

 _Pub._ Ah, charming maid! the blood forsakes thy cheek:
 Is he the rival of thy Publius? speak,
 And tell me all the rigour of my fate.

 _Barce._ Hear me, my Lord. Since I have been thy slave,
 Thy goodness, and the friendship of Attilia,
 Have soften'd all the horrors of my fate.
 Till now I have not felt the weight of bondage.
 Till now--ah, Publius!--think me not ungrateful,
 I would not wrong thee--I will be sincere--
 I will expose the weakness of my soul.
 Know then, my Lord--how shall I tell thee all?

 _Pub._ Stop, cruel maid, nor wound thy Publius more;
 I dread the fatal frankness of thy words:
 Spare me the pain of knowing I am scorn'd;
 And if thy heart's devoted to another,
 Yet do not tell it me; in tender pity
 Do not, my fair, dissolve the fond illusion,
 The dear delightful visions I have form'd
 Of future joy, and fond exhaustless love.
                                       [_Exit_ PUBLIUS.

 _Barce._ (_alone._)
 And shall I see him then, see my Hamilcar,
 Pride of my soul, and lord of all my wishes?
 The only man in all our burning Afric
 Who ever taught my bosom how to love!
 Down, foolish heart! be calm, my busy thoughts!
 If at his name I feel these strange emotions,
 How shall I see, how meet my conqueror?
 O let not those presume to judge of joy
 Who ne'er have felt the pangs which absence gives.
   Such tender transport those alone can prove,
 Who long, like me, have known disastrous love;
 The tears that fell, the sighs that once were paid,
 Like grateful incense on his altar laid;
 The lambent flame rekindle, not destroy,
 And woes remember'd heighten present joy.   [_Exit._




 ACT II.


 SCENE--_The inside of the Temple of Bellona--Seats for the
 Senators and Ambassadors--Lictors guarding the entrance._

 MANLIUS, PUBLIUS, _and Senators_.


 _Man._ Let Regulus be sent for to our presence;
 And with him the ambassador of Carthage.
 Is it then true the foe would treat of peace?

 _Pub._ They wish, at least, our captives were exchang'd,
 And send my father to declare their wish:
 If he obtain it, well: if not, then Regulus
 Returns to meet the vengeance of the foe,
 And pay for your refusal with his blood:
 He ratified this treaty with his oath,
 And ere he quitted Carthage, heard, unmov'd,
 The dreadful preparations for his death,
 Should he return. O, Romans! O, my countrymen!
 Can you resign your hero to your foe?
 Say, can you give up Regulus to Carthage?

 _Man._ Peace, Publius, peace, for see thy father comes.

    _Enter_ HAMILCAR _and_ REGULUS.

 _Ham._ Why dost thou stop? dost thou forget this temple?
 I thought these walls had been well known to Regulus?

 _Reg._ Hamilcar! I was thinking what I was
 When last I saw them, and what now I am.

 _Ham._ (_to the Consul._)
 Carthage by me to Rome this greeting sends,
 That wearied out at length with bloody war,
 If Rome inclines to peace she offers it.

 _Man._ We will at leisure answer thee. Be seated.
 Come, Regulus, resume thine ancient place.

 _Reg._ (_pointing to the Senators._) Who then are these?

 _Man._                            The Senators of Rome.

 _Reg._ And who art thou?

 _Man._         What meanst thou? I'm her Consul;
 Hast thou so soon forgotten Manlius?

 _Reg._ And shall a _slave_ then have a place in Rome
 Among her Consuls and her Senators?

 _Man._ Yes!--For her _heroes_ Rome forgets her _laws_;
 Softens their harsh austerity for thee,
 To whom she owes her conquests and her triumphs.

 _Reg._ Rome may forget, but Regulus remembers.

 _Man._ Was ever man so obstinately good?   [_Aside._

 _Pub._ (_rising._) Fathers! your pardon. I can sit no longer.
                                       [_To the Senators._

 _Reg._ Publius, what dost thou mean?

 _Pub._                             To do my duty:
 Where Regulus must stand, shall Publius sit?

 _Reg._ Alas! O Rome, how are thy manners chang'd!
 When last I left thee, ere I sail'd for Afric,
 It was a crime to think of private duties
 When public cares requir'd attention.----Sit,
 (_To_ PUBLIUS.) And learn to occupy thy place with honour.

 _Pub._ Forgive me, sir, if I refuse obedience:
 My heart o'erflows with duty to my father.

 _Reg._ Know, Publius, that duty's at an end;
 Thy father died when he became a slave.

 _Man._ Now urge thy suit, Hamilcar, we attend.

 _Ham._ Afric hath chosen Regulus her messenger.
 In him, both Carthage and Hamilcar speak.

 _Man._ (_to_ REGULUS.) We are prepar'd to hear thee.

 _Ham._ (_to_ REGULUS.)            Ere thou speak'st,
 Maturely weigh what thou hast sworn to do,
 Should Rome refuse to treat with us of peace.

 _Reg._ What I have sworn I will fulfil, Hamilcar.
 Be satisfied.

 _Pub._       Ye guardian gods of Rome,
 With your own eloquence inspire him now!

 _Reg._ Carthage by me this embassy has sent:
 If Rome will leave her undisturb'd possession
 Of all she now enjoys, she offers _peace_;
 But if you rather wish protracted war,
 Her next proposal is, _exchange of captives_;----
 If you demand advice of _Regulus_,
 Reject them both!

 _Ham._              What dost thou mean?

 _Pub._                                    My father!

 _Man._ Exalted fortitude! I'm lost in wonder.   [_Aside._

 _Reg._ Romans! I will not idly spend my breath,
 To show the dire effects of such a peace;
 The foes who beg it, show their dread of war.

 _Man._ But the exchange of prisoners thou proposest?

 _Reg._ That artful scheme conceals some Punic fraud.

 _Ham._ Roman, beware! hast thou so soon forgotten;

 _Reg._ I will fulfil the treaty I have sworn to.

 _Pub._ All will be ruin'd.

 _Reg._             Conscript Fathers! hear me.----
 Though this exchange teems with a thousand ills,
 Yet 'tis th' example I would deprecate.
 This treaty fix'd, Rome's honour is no more.
 Should her degenerate sons be promis'd life,
 Dishonest life, and worthless liberty,
 Her glory, valour, military pride,
 Her fame, her fortitude, her all were lost.
 What honest captive of them all would wish
 With shame to enter her imperial gates,
 The flagrant scourge of slavery on his back?
 None, none, my friends, would wish a fate so vile,
 But those base cowards who resign'd their arms
 Unstain'd with hostile blood, and poorly sued,
 Through ignominious fear of death, for bondage;
 The scorn, the laughter, of th' insulting foe.
 O shame! shame! shame! eternal infamy!

 _Man._ However hurtful this _exchange_ may be,
 The liberty, the life of Regulus,
 More than compensates for it.

 _Reg._                   Thou art mistaken.----
 This Regulus is a mere mortal man,
 Yielding apace to all th' infirmities
 Of weak, decaying nature.----I am old,
 Nor can my future, feeble services
 Assist my country much; but mark me well:
 The young fierce heroes you'd restore to Carthage,
 In lieu of this old man, are her chief bulwarks.
 Fathers! in vig'rous youth this well-strung arm
 Fought for my country, fought and conquer'd for her:
 That was the time to prize its service high.
 Now, weak and nerveless, let the foe possess it,
 For it can harm them in the field no more.
 Let Carthage have the poor degrading triumph
 To close these failing eyes;--but, O my countrymen!
 Check their vain hopes, and show aspiring Afric
 That heroes are the common growth of Rome.

 _Man._ Unequall'd fortitude.

 _Pub._                    O fatal virtue!

 _Ham._ What do I hear? this constancy confounds me.

 _Man._ (_to the Senators._)
 Let honour be the spring of all our actions,
 Not interest, Fathers. Let no selfish views
 Preach safety at the price of truth and justice.

 _Reg._ If Rome would thank me, I will teach her how.
 --Know, Fathers, that these savage Africans
 Thought me so base, so very low of soul,
 That the poor wretched privilege of breathing,
 Would force me to betray my country to them.
 Have these barbarians any tortures left
 To match the cruelty of such a thought?
 Revenge me, Fathers! and I'm still a Roman.
 Arm, arm yourselves, prepare your citizens,
 Snatch your imprison'd eagles from their fanes,
 Fly to the shores of Carthage, force her gates,
 Dye every Roman sword in Punic blood--
 And do such deeds--that when I shall return,
 (As I have _sworn_, and am resolv'd to do,)
 I may behold with joy, reflected back,
 The terrors of your rage in the dire visages
 Of my astonish'd executioners.

 _Ham._ Surprise has chill'd my blood! I'm lost in wonder!

 _Pub._ Does no one answer? must my father perish?

 _Man._ Romans, we must defer th' important question;
 Maturest councils must determine on it.
 Rest we awhile:----Nature requires some pause
 From high-rais'd admiration. Thou, Hamilcar,
 Shalt shortly know our final resolution.
 Meantime, we go to supplicate the gods.

 _Reg._ Have you a doubt remaining? Manlius, speak.

 _Man._ Yes, Regulus, I think the danger less
 To lose th' advantage thy advice suggests,
 Than would accrue to Rome in losing thee,
 Whose wisdom might direct, whose valour guard her.
 Athirst for glory, thou wouldst rush on death,
 And for thy country's sake wouldst greatly perish.
 Too vast a sacrifice thy zeal requires,
 For Rome must bleed when Regulus expires.
                     [_Exeunt Consul and Senators._

 _Manent_ REGULUS, PUBLIUS, HAMILCAR; _to them
 enter_ ATTILIA _and_ LICINIUS.

 _Ham._ Does Regulus fulfil his promise thus?

 _Reg._ I've promis'd to return, and I will do it.

 _At._ My father! think a moment.

 _Lic._                              Ah! my friend!

 _Lic. and At._ O by this hand we beg----

 _Reg._                             Away! no more.
 Thanks to Rome's guardian gods I'm yet a slave!
 And will be still a slave to make Rome free!

 _At._ Was the exchange refus'd? Oh ease my fears.

 _Reg._ Publius! conduct Hamilcar and myself
 To that abode thou hast for each provided.

 _At._ A foreign residence? a strange abode?
 And will my father spurn his household gods?

 _Pub._ My sire a stranger?----Will he taste no more
 The smiling blessings of his cheerful home?

 _Reg._ Dost thou not know the laws of Rome forbid
 A foe's ambassador within her gates?

 _Pub._ This rigid law does not extend to thee.

 _Reg._ Yes; did it not alike extend to all,
 'Twere tyranny.--The law rights every man,
 But favours none.

 _At._                Then, O my father,
 Allow thy daughter to partake thy fate!

 _Reg._ Attilia! no. The present exigence
 Demands far other thoughts, than the soft cares,
 The fond effusions, the delightful weakness,
 The dear affections 'twixt the child and parent.

 _At._ How is my father chang'd, from what I've known him!

 _Reg._ The fate of Regulus is chang'd, not Regulus.
 I am the same; in laurels or in chains
 'Tis the same principle; the same fix'd soul,
 Unmov'd itself, though circumstances change.
 The native vigour of the free-born mind
 Still struggles with, still conquers adverse fortune;
 Soars above chains, invincible though vanquish'd.
                      [_Exeunt_ REGULUS _and_ PUBLIUS.

 ATTILIA, HAMILCAR _going; enter_ BARCE.

 _Barce._ Ah! my Hamilcar.

 _Ham._                     Ah! my long-lost Barce:
 Again I lose thee; Regulus rejects
 Th' exchange of prisoners Africa proposes.
 My heart's too full.--Oh, I have much to say!

 _Barce._ Yet you unkindly leave me, and say nothing.

 _Ham._ Ah! didst thou love as thy Hamilcar loves,
 Words were superfluous; in my eyes, my Barce,
 Thou'dst read the tender eloquence of love,
 Th' uncounterfeited language of my heart.
 A single look betrays the soul's soft feelings,
 And shows imperfect speech of little worth.
                                    [_Exit_ HAMILCAR.

 _At._ My father then conspires his own destruction,
 Is it not so?

 _Barce._       Indeed I fear it much;
 But as the senate has not yet resolv'd,
 There is some room for hope: lose not a moment;
 And, ere the Conscript Fathers are assembled,
 Try all the powers of winning eloquence,
 Each gentle art of feminine persuasion,
 The love of kindred, and the faith of friends,
 To bend the rigid Romans to thy purpose.

 _At._ Yes, Barce, I will go; I will exert
 My little pow'r, though hopeless of success.
 Undone Attilia! fall'n from hope's gay heights
 Down the dread precipice of deep despair.
 So some tir'd mariner the coast espies,
 And his lov'd home explores with straining eyes;
 Prepares with joy to quit the treacherous deep,
 Hush'd every wave, and every wind asleep;
 But ere he lands upon the well-known shore,
 Wild storms arise, and furious billows roar,
 Tear the fond wretch from all his hopes away,
 And drive his shatter'd bark again to sea.




 ACT III.


 SCENE--_A Portico of a Palace without the gates of
 Rome--The abode of the Carthaginian Ambassador_.

 _Enter_ REGULUS _and_ PUBLIUS _meeting_.


 _Reg._ Ah! Publius here at such a time as this?
 Know'st thou th' important question that the Senate
 This very hour debate?--Thy country's glory,
 Thy father's honour, and the public good?
 Dost thou know this and fondly linger here?

 _Pub._ They're not yet met, my father.

 _Reg._                            Haste--away--
 Support my counsel in th' assembled Senate,
 Confirm their wav'ring virtue by thy courage,
 And Regulus shall glory in his boy.

 _Pub._ Ah! spare thy son the most ungrateful task.
 What!--supplicate the ruin of my father?

 _Reg._ The good of Rome can never hurt her sons.

 _Pub._ In pity to thy children, spare thyself.

 _Reg._ Dost thou then think that mine's a frantic bravery?
 That Regulus would rashly seek his fate?
 Publius! how little dost thou know thy sire!
 Misjudging youth! learn, that like _other_ men,
 I shun the _evil_, and I seek the _good_;
 But _that_ I find in _guilt_, and _this_ in _virtue_.
 Were it not guilt, guilt of the blackest die,
 Even to _think_ of freedom at th' expense
 Of my dear bleeding country? To me, therefore,
 Freedom and life would be the heaviest evils;
 But to preserve that country, to restore her,
 To heal her wounds though at the price of _life_,
 Or what is dearer far, the price of liberty,
 Is _virtue_--therefore slavery and death
 Are Regulus's good--his wish--his choice.

 _Pub._ Yet sure our country----

 _Reg._                        Is a _whole_, my Publius,
 Of which we all are _parts_; nor should a citizen
 Regard his interests as distinct from hers;
 No hopes or fears should touch his patriot soul,
 But what affect her honour or her shame.
 E'en when in hostile fields he bleeds to save her,
 'Tis not _his_ blood he loses, 'tis his _country's_;
 He only pays her back a debt he owes.
 To her he's bound for birth and education:
 Her laws secure him from domestic feuds,
 And from the foreign foe her arms protect him.
 She lends him honours, dignity, and rank,
 His wrongs revenges, and his merit pays;
 And like a tender and indulgent mother,
 Loads him with comforts, and would make his state
 As blest as nature and the gods design'd it.
 Such gifts, my son, have their alloy of _pain_;
 And let th' unworthy wretch who will not bear
 His portion of the public burden lose
 Th' advantages it yields;--let him retire
 From the dear blessings of a social life,
 And from the sacred laws which guard those blessings;
 Renounce the civilis'd abodes of man,
 With kindred brutes one common shelter seek
 In horrid wilds, and dens, and dreary caves,
 And with their shaggy tenants share the spoil;
 Or if the savage hunters miss their prey,
 From scatter'd acorns pick a scanty meal;--
 Far from the sweet civilities of life;
 There let him live and vaunt his wretched freedom:
 While we, obedient to the laws that guard us,
 Guard _them_, and live or die as they decree.

 _Pub._ With reverence and astonishment I hear thee!
 Thy words, my father, have convinc'd my reason,
 But cannot touch my heart:--nature denies
 Obedience so repugnant. I'm a son.

 _Reg._ A poor excuse, unworthy of a Roman!
 Brutus, Virginius, Manlius--they were fathers.

 _Pub._ 'Tis true, they were; but this heroic greatness,
 This glorious elevation of the soul,
 Has been confin'd to fathers.--Rome, till now,
 Boasts not a son of such unnatural virtue,
 Who, spurning all the powerful ties of blood,
 Has labour'd to procure his father's death.

 _Reg._ Then be the first to give the great example--
 Go, hasten; be thyself that son, my Publius.

 _Pub._ My father! ah!--

 _Reg._               Publius, no more; begone--
 Attend the Senate--let me know my fate;
 'Twill be more glorious if announc'd by thee.

 _Pub._ Too much, too much thy rigid virtue claims
 From thy unhappy son. Oh, nature, nature!

 _Reg._ Publius! am I a stranger, or thy father?
 In either case an obvious duty waits thee:
 If thou regard'st me as an alien here,
 Learn to prefer to mine the good of Rome;
 If as a father--reverence my commands.

 _Pub._ Ah! couldst thou look into my inmost soul,
 And see how warm it burns with love and duty,
 Thou would'st abate the rigour of thy words.

 _Reg._ Could I explore the secrets of thy breast,
 The virtue I would wish should flourish there
 Were fortitude, not weak, complaining love.

 _Pub._ If thou requir'st my _blood_, I'll shed it all;
 But when thou dost enjoin the harsher task
 That I should labour to procure thy death,
 Forgive thy son--he has not so much virtue.
                                   [_Exit_ PUBLIUS.

 _Reg._ Th' important hour draws on, and now my soul
 Loses her wonted calmness, lest the Senate
 Should doubt what answer to return to Carthage.
   O ye protecting deities of Rome!
 Ye guardian gods! look down propitious on her,
 Inspire her Senate with your sacred wisdom,
 And call up all that's Roman in their souls!

    _Enter_ MANLIUS (_speaking_).

 See that the lictors wait, and guard the entrance--
 Take care that none intrude.

 _Reg._                         Ah! Manlius here?
 What can this mean?

 _Man._                     Where, where is Regulus?
 The great, the godlike, the invincible?
 Oh, let me strain the hero to my breast.--

 _Reg._ (_avoiding him._)
 Manlius, stand off, remember I'm a slave!
 And thou Rome's Consul.

 _Man._                    I am something more:
 I am a man enamour'd of thy virtues;
 Thy fortitude and courage have subdued me.
 I _was_ thy _rival_--I am _now_ thy _friend_;
 Allow me that distinction, dearer far
 Than all the honours Rome can give without it.

 _Reg._ This is the temper still of noble minds,
 And these the blessings of an humble fortune.
 Had I not been a _slave_, I ne'er had gain'd
 The treasure of thy friendship.

 _Man._                           I confess,
 Thy grandeur cast a veil before my eyes,
 Which thy reverse of fortune has remov'd.
 Oft have I seen thee on the day of triumph,
 A conqueror of nations, enter Rome;
 Now, thou hast conquer'd fortune, and thyself.
 Thy laurels oft have mov'd my soul to envy,
 Thy chains awaken my respect, my reverence;
 Then Regulus appear'd a hero to me,
 He rises now a god.

 _Reg._                    Manlius, enough.
 Cease thy applause; 'tis dang'rous; praise like thine
 Might tempt the most severe and cautious virtue.
 Bless'd be the gods, who gild my latter days
 With the bright glory of the Consul's friendship!

 _Man._ Forbid it, Jove! said'st thou thy _latter_ days?
 May gracious heav'n to a far distant hour
 Protract thy valued life! Be it _my_ care
 To crown the hopes of thy admiring country,
 By giving back her long-lost hero to her.
 I will exert my power to bring about
 Th' exchange of captives Africa proposes.

 _Reg._ Manlius, and is it thus, is this the way
 Thou dost begin to give me proofs of friendship?
 Ah! if thy love be so destructive to me,
 What would thy hatred be? Mistaken Consul!
 Shall I then lose the profit of my wrongs?
 Be thus defrauded of the benefit
 I vainly hop'd from all my years of bondage?
 I did not come to show my chains to Rome,
 To move my country to a weak compassion;
 I came to save her _honour_, to preserve her
 From tarnishing her glory; came to snatch her
 From offers so destructive to her fame.
 O Manlius! either give me proofs more worthy
 A Roman's friendship, or renew thy hate.

 _Man._ Dost thou not know, that this exchange refus'd,
 Inevitable death must be thy fate?

 _Reg._ And has the name of _death_ such terror in it,
 To strike with dread the mighty soul of Manlius?
 'Tis not _to-day_ I learn that I am mortal.
 The foe can only take from Regulus
 What wearied nature would have shortly yielded;
 It will be now a voluntary gift,
 'Twould then become a tribute seiz'd, not offer'd.
 Yes, Manlius, tell the world that as I liv'd
 For Rome alone, when I could live no longer,
 'Twas my last care how, dying, to assist,
 To save that country I had liv'd to serve.

 _Man._ O unexampled worth! O godlike Regulus!
 Thrice happy Rome! unparalleled in heroes!
 Hast thou then sworn, thou awfully good man,
 Never to bless the Consul with thy friendship?

 _Reg._ If thou wilt love me, love me like a _Roman_.
 These are the terms on which I take thy friendship.
 We both must make a sacrifice to Rome,
 I of my life, and thou of _Regulus_:
 One must resign his being, one his friend.
 It is but just, that what procures our country
 Such real blessings, such substantial good,
 Should cost thee something--I shall lose but little.
 Go then, my friend! but promise, ere thou goest,
 With all the Consular authority,
 Thou wilt support my counsel in the Senate.
 If thou art willing to accept these terms,
 With transport I embrace thy proffer'd friendship.

 _Man._ (_after a pause._) Yes, I do promise.

 _Reg._                 Bounteous gods, I thank you!
 Ye never gave, in all your round of blessing,
 A gift so greatly welcome to my soul,
 As Manlius' friendship on the terms of honour!

 _Man._ Immortal Powers! why am not I a slave?
 By heav'n! I almost envy thee thy bonds.

 _Reg._ My friend, there's not a moment to be lost;
 Ere this, perhaps, the Senate is assembled.
 To thee, and to thy virtues, I commit
 The dignity of Rome--my peace and honour.

 _Man._ Illustrious man, farewell!

 _Reg._                       Farewell, my friend!

 _Man._ The sacred flame thou hast kindled in my soul
 Glows in each vein, trembles in every nerve,
 And raises me to something more than man.
 My blood is fir'd with virtue, and with Rome,
 And every pulse beats an alarm to glory.
 Who would not spurn a sceptre when compar'd
 With chains like thine? Thou man of every virtus,
 O, farewell! may all the gods protect and bless thee.
                                     [_Exit_ MANLIUS.

    _Enter_ LICINIUS.

 _Reg._ Now I begin to live; propitious heaven
 Inclines to favour me.----Licinius here?

 _Lic._ With joy, my honour'd friend, I seek thy presence.

 _Reg._ And why with joy?

 _Lic._                   Because my heart once more
 Beats high with flattering hope. In thy great cause
 I have been labouring.

 _Reg._                 Say'st thou in _my_ cause?

 _Lic._ In thine and Rome's. Does it excite thy wonder?
 Couldst thou, then, think so poorly of Licinius,
 That base ingratitude could find a place
 Within his bosom?--Can I, then, forget
 Thy thousand acts of friendship to my youth?
 Forget them, too, at that important moment
 When most I might assist thee?--Regulus,
 Thou wast my leader, general, father--all.
 Didst thou not teach me early how to tread
 The path of glory; point the way thyself,
 And bid me follow thee?

 _Reg._                    But say, Licinius,
 What hast thou done to serve me?

 _Lic._                             I have defended
 Thy liberty and life!

 _Reg._                 Ah! speak--explain.--

 _Lic._ Just as the Fathers were about to meet,
 I hasten'd to the temple--at the entrance
 Their passage I retarded by the force
 Of strong entreaty: then address'd myself
 So well to each, that I from each obtain'd
 A declaration, that his utmost power
 Should be exerted for thy life and freedom.

 _Reg._ Great gods! what do I hear? Licinius, too?

 _Lic._ Not he alone; no, 'twere indeed unjust
 To rob the fair Attilia of her claim
 To filial merit.--What I could, I did.
 But _she_--thy charming daughter--heav'n and earth,
 What did she not to save her father?

 _Reg._                                  Who?

 _Lic._ Attilia, thy belov'd--thy age's darling!
 Was ever father bless'd with such a child?
 Gods! how her looks took captive all who saw her!
 How did her soothing eloquence subdue
 The stoutest hearts of Rome! How did she rouse
 Contending passions in the breasts of all!
 How sweetly temper dignity with grief!
 With what a soft, inimitable grace
 She prais'd, reproach'd, entreated, flatter'd, sooth'd.

 _Reg._ What said the Senators?

 _Lic._                        What could they say?
 Who could resist the lovely conqueror?
 See where she comes--Hope dances in her eyes,
 And lights up all her beauties into smiles.

    _Enter_ ATTILIA.

 _At._ Once more, my dearest father----

 _Reg._                         Ah, presume not
 To call me by that name. For know, Attilia,
 I number _thee_ among the foes of Regulus.

 _At._ What do I hear? thy foe? my father's foe?

 _Reg._ His worst of foes--the murd'rer of his glory.

 _At._ Ah! is it then a proof of enmity
 To wish thee all the good the gods can give thee,
 To yield my life, if needful, for thy service?

 _Reg._ Thou rash, imprudent girl! thou little know'st
 The dignity and weight of public cares.
 Who made a weak and inexperienc'd _woman_
 The arbiter of Regulus's fate?

 _Lic._ For pity's sake, my Lord!

 _Reg._                      Peace, peace, young man!
 Her silence better than thy language pleads.
 _That_ bears at least the semblance of repentance.
 Immortal Powers!----a daughter and a Roman!

 _At._ Because I _am_ a daughter, I presum'd----

 _Lic._ Because I _am_ a Roman, I aspired
 T' oppose th' inhuman rigour of thy fate.

 _Reg._ No more, Licinius. How can he be call'd
 A Roman who would live in infamy?
 Or how can she be Regulus's daughter
 Whose coward mind wants fortitude and honour?
 Unhappy children! now you make me _feel_
 The burden of my chains: your feeble souls
 Have made me know I am indeed a slave.
                                 [_Exit_ REGULUS.

 _At._ Tell me, Licinius, and, oh! tell me truly,
 If thou believ'st, in all the round of time,
 There ever breath'd a maid so truly wretched?
 To weep, to mourn a father's cruel fate--
 To love him with soul-rending tenderness--
 To know no peace by day or rest by night--
 To bear a bleeding heart in this poor bosom,
 Which aches, and trembles but to think he suffers:
 This is my crime--in any other child
 'Twould be a merit.

 _Lic._                Oh! my best Attilia,
 Do not repent thee of the pious deed:
 It was a virtuous error. _That_ in _us_
 Is a just duty, which the god-like soul
 Of Regulus would think a shameful weakness.
 If the contempt of life in him be virtue,
 It were in us a crime to let him perish.
 Perhaps at last he may consent to live:
 He then will thank us for our cares to save him:
 Let not his anger fright thee. Though our love
 Offend him now, yet, when his mighty soul
 Is reconcil'd to life, he will not chide us.
 The sick man loathes, and with reluctance takes
 The remedy by which his health's restor'd.

 _At._ Licinius! his reproaches wound my soul.
 I cannot live and bear his indignation.

 _Lic._ Would my Attilia rather lose her father
 Than, by offending him, preserve his life?

 _At._ Ah! no. If he but live, I am contented.

 _Lic._ Yes, he shall live, and we again be bless'd;
 Then dry thy tears, and let those lovely orbs
 Beam with their wonted lustre on Licinius,
 Who lives but in the sunshine of thy smiles.
                                      [_Exit_ LICINIUS.

 _At._ (_alone_.) O Fortune, Fortune, thou capricious goddess!
 Thy frowns and favours have alike no bounds:
 Unjust, or prodigal in each extreme.
 When thou wouldst humble human vanity,
 By singling out a wretch to bear thy wrath,
 Thou crushest him with anguish to excess:
 If thou wouldst bless, thou mak'st the happiness
 Too poignant for his giddy sense to bear.----
 Immortal gods, who rule the fates of men,
 Preserve my father! bless him, bless him, heav'n!
 If your avenging thunderbolts _must_ fall,
 Strike _here_--this bosom will invite the blow,
 And _thank_ you for it: but in mercy spare,
 Oh! spare _his_ sacred, venerable head:
 Respect in _him_ an image of yourselves;
 And leave a world, who wants it, an example
 Of courage, wisdom, constancy and truth.
   Yet if, Eternal Powers who rule this ball!
 You have decreed that Regulus must fall;
 Teach me to yield to your divine command,
 And meekly bow to your correcting hand;
 Contented to resign, or pleas'd receive,
 What wisdom may withhold, or mercy give.
                                    [_Exit_ ATTILIA.




 ACT IV.

 SCENE--_A Gallery in the Ambassador's Palace._


 _Reg._ (_alone._)
 Be calm, my soul! what strange emotions shake thee?
 Emotions thou hast never felt till now.
 Thou hast defied the dangers of the deep,
 Th' impetuous hurricane, the thunder's roar,
 And all the terrors of the various war;
 Yet, now thou tremblest, now thou stand'st dismay'd,
 With fearful expectation of thy fate.----
 Yes--thou hast amplest reason for thy fears;
 For till this hour, so pregnant with events,
 Thy fame and glory never were at stake.
   Soft--let me think--what is this thing call'd _glory_?
 'Tis the soul's tyrant, that should be dethron'd,
 And learn subjection like her other passions!
 Ah! no! 'tis false: this is the coward's plea;
 The lazy language of refining vice.
 That man was born in vain, whose wish to serve
 Is circumscrib'd within the wretched bounds
 Of _self_--a narrow, miserable sphere!
 Glory exalts, enlarges, dignifies,
 Absorbs the selfish in the social claims,
 And renders man a blessing to mankind.--
 It is this principle, this spark of deity,
 Rescues debas'd humanity from guilt,
 And elevates it by her strong excitements:--
 It takes off sensibility from pain,
 From peril fear, plucks out the sting from death,
 Changes ferocious into gentle manners,
 And teaches men to imitate the gods.
 It shows----but see, alas! where Publius comes.
 Ah! he advances with a down-cast eye,
 And step irresolute----

    _Enter_ PUBLIUS.

 _Reg._                My Publius, welcome!
 What tidings dost thou bring? what says the Senate?
 Is yet my fate determin'd? quickly tell me.--

 _Pub._ I cannot speak, and yet, alas! I must.

 _Reg._ Tell me the whole.--

 _Pub._                Would I were rather dumb!

 _Reg._ Publius, no more delay:--I charge thee speak.

 _Pub._ The Senate has decreed thou shalt depart.

 _Reg._ Genius of Rome! thou hast at last prevail'd--
 I thank the gods, I have not liv'd in vain!
 Where is Hamilcar?--find him--let us go,
 For Regulus has nought to do in Rome;
 I have accomplished her important work,
 And must depart.

 _Pub._            Ah, my unhappy father!

 _Reg._ Unhappy, Publius! didst thou say unhappy?
 Does he, does that bless'd man deserve this name,
 Who to his latest breath can serve his country?

 _Pub._ Like thee, my father, I adore my country,
 Yet weep with anguish o'er thy cruel chains.

 _Reg._ Dost thou not know that _life_'s a slavery?
 The body is the chain that binds the soul;
 A yoke that every mortal must endure.
 Wouldst thou lament--lament the general fate,
 The chain that nature gives, entail'd on all,
 Not these _I_ wear?

 _Pub._              Forgive, forgive my sorrows:
 I know, alas! too well, those fell barbarians
 Intend thee instant death.

 _Reg._                   So shall my life
 And servitude together have an end.----
 Publius, farewell; nay, do not follow me.--

 _Pub._ Alas! my father, if thou ever lov'dst me,
 Refuse me not the mournful consolation
 To pay the last sad offices of duty
 I e'er can show thee.----

 _Reg._                  No!--thou canst fulfil
 Thy duty to thy father in a way
 More grateful to him: I must strait embark.
 Be it meanwhile thy pious care to keep
 My lov'd Attilia from a sight, I fear,
 Would rend her gentle heart.--Her tears, my son,
 Would dim the glories of thy father's triumph.
 Her sinking spirits are subdu'd by grief.
 And should her sorrows pass the bounds of reason,
 Publius, have pity on her tender age,
 Compassionate the weakness of her sex;
 We must not hope to find in _her_ soft soul
 The strong exertion of a manly courage.----
 Support her fainting spirit, and instruct her,
 By thy example, how a Roman ought
 To bear misfortune. Oh, indulge her weakness!
 And be to her the father she will lose.
 I leave my daughter to thee--I do more----
 I leave to thee the conduct of--thyself.
 --Ah, Publius! I perceive thy courage fails--
 I see the quivering lip, the starting tear:--
 That lip, that tear calls down my mounting soul.
 Resume thyself--Oh, do not blast my hope!
 Yes--I'm compos'd--thou wilt not mock my age--
 Thou _art_--thou art a _Roman_--and my son.
                                          [_Exit_.

 _Pub._ And is he gone?--now be thyself, my soul--
 Hard is the conflict, but the triumph glorious.
 Yes.--I must conquer these too tender feelings;
 The blood that fills these veins demands it of me;
 My father's great example too requires it.
 Forgive me _Rome_, and _glory_, if I yielded
 To nature's strong attack:--I must subdue it.
 Now, Regulus, I _feel_ I am thy _son_.

    _Enter_ ATTILIA _and_ BARCE.

 _At._ My brother, I'm distracted, wild with fear--
 Tell me, O tell me, what I dread to know--
 Is it then true?--I cannot speak--my father?

 _Barce._ May we believe the fatal news?

 _Pub._                                Yes, Barce,
 It is determin'd. Regulus must go.

 _At._ Immortal Powers!--What say'st thou?

 _Barce._                               Can it be?
 Thou canst not mean it.

 _At._                  Then you've all betray'd me.

 _Pub._ Thy grief avails not.

     _Enter_ HAMILCAR _and_ LICINIUS.

 _Barce._                         Pity us, Hamilcar!

 _At._ Oh, help, Licinius, help the lost Attilia!

 _Ham._ My Barce! there's no hope.

 _Lic._                     Ah! my fair mourner,
 All's lost.

 _At._          What all, Licinius? said'st thou all?
 Not one poor glimpse of comfort left behind?
 Tell me, at least, where Regulus is gone:
 The daughter shall partake the father's chains,
 And share the woes she knew not to prevent.   [_Going._

 _Pub._ What would thy wild despair? Attilia, stay,
 Thou must not follow; this excess of grief
 Would much offend him.

 _At._                    Dost thou hope to stop me?

 _Pub._ I hope thou wilt resume thy better self,
 And recollect thy father will not bear----

 _At._ I only recollect I am a _daughter_,
 A poor, defenceless, helpless, wretched daughter!
 Away----and let me follow.

 _Pub._                         No, my sister.

 _At._ Detain me not--Ah! while thou hold'st me here,
 He goes, and I shall never see him more.

 _Barce._ My friend, be comforted, he cannot go
 Whilst here Hamilcar stays.

 _At._                          O Barce, Barce!
 Who will advise, who comfort, who assist me?
 Hamilcar, pity me.--Thou wilt not answer?

 _Ham._ Rage and astonishment divide my soul.

 _At._ Licinius, wilt thou not relieve my sorrows?

 _Lic._ Yes, at my life's expense, my heart's best treasure,
 Wouldst thou instruct me how.

 _At._                         My brother, too----
 Ah! look with mercy on thy sister's woes!

 _Pub._ I will at least instruct thee how to _bear_ them.
 My sister--yield thee to thy adverse fate;
 Think of thy father, think of Regulus;
 Has he not taught thee how to brave misfortune?
 'Tis but by following his illustrious steps
 Thou e'er canst merit to be call'd his daughter.

 _At._ And is it thus thou dost advise thy sister?
 Are these, ye gods, the feelings of a son?
 Indifference here becomes impiety--
 Thy savage heart ne'er felt the dear delights
 Of filial tenderness--the thousand joys
 That flow from blessing and from being bless'd!
 No--didst thou love thy father as _I_ love him,
 Our kindred souls would be in unison;
 And all my sighs be echoed back by thine.
 Thou wouldst--alas!--I know not what I say.--
 Forgive me, Publius,--but indeed, my brother,
 I do not understand this cruel coldness.

 _Ham._ Thou may'st not--but I understand it well.
 His mighty soul, full as to thee it seems
 Of Rome, and glory--is enamour'd--caught--
 Enraptur'd with the beauties of fair Barce.--
 _She_ stays behind if Regulus _departs_.
 Behold the cause of all the well-feign'd virtue
 Of this mock patriot--curst dissimulation!

 _Pub._ And canst thou entertain such vile suspicions?
 Gods! what an outrage to a son like me!

 _Ham._ Yes, Roman! now I see thee as thou art,
 Thy naked soul divested of its veil,
 Its specious colouring, its dissembled virtues:
 Thou hast plotted with the Senate to prevent
 Th' exchange of captives. All thy subtle arts,
 Thy smooth inventions, have been set to work--
 The base refinements of your _polish'd_ land.

 _Pub._ In truth the doubt is worthy of an African.
                                    [_Contemptuously._

 _Ham._ I know.----

 _Pub._ Peace, Carthaginian, peace, and hear me,
 Dost thou not know, that on the very man
 Thou hast insulted, Barce's fate depends?

 _Ham._ Too well I know, the cruel chance of war
 Gave her, a blooming captive, to thy mother;
 Who, dying, left the beauteous prize to thee.

 _Pub._ Now, see the use a _Roman_ makes of power.
 Heav'n is my witness how I lov'd the maid!
 Oh, she was dearer to my soul than light!
 Dear as the vital stream that feeds my heart!
 But know my _honour_'s dearer than my love.
 I do not even hope _thou_ wilt believe me;
 _Thy_ brutal soul, as savage as thy clime,
 Can never taste those elegant delights,
 Those pure refinements, love and glory yield.
 'Tis not to thee I stoop for vindication,
 Alike to me thy friendship or thy hate;
 But to remove from others a pretence
 For branding Publius with the name of villain;
 That _they_ may see no sentiment but honour
 Informs this bosom--Barce, thou art _free_.
 Thou hast my leave with him to quit this shore.
 Now learn, barbarian, how a _Roman_ loves!   [_Exit._

 _Barce._ He cannot mean it!

 _Ham._                         Oh, exalted virtue!
 Which challenges esteem though from a foe.
 [_Looking after_ PUBLIUS.

 _At._ Ah! cruel Publius, wilt thou leave me thus?
 Thus leave thy sister?

 _Barce._                Didst thou hear, Hamilcar?
 Oh, didst thou hear the god-like youth resign me?

      [HAMILCAR _and_ LICINIUS _seem lost in thought_.

 _Ham._ Farewell, I will return.

 _Lic._ Farewell, my love!   [_To_ ATTILIA.

 _Barce._ Hamilcar, where----

 _At._                 Alas! where art thou going?
                                     [_To_ LICINIUS.

 _Lic._ If possible, to save the life of Regulus.

 _At._ But by what means?--Ah! how canst thou effect it?

 _Lic._ Since the disease so desperate is become,
 We must apply a desperate remedy.

 _Ham._ (_after a long pause._)
 Yes--I will mortify this generous foe;
 I'll be reveng'd upon this stubborn Roman;
 Not by defiance bold, or feats of arms,
 But by a means more sure to work its end;
 By emulating his exalted worth,
 And showing him a virtue like his own;
 Such a refin'd revenge as noble minds
 Alone can practise, and alone can feel.

 _At._ If thou wilt go, Licinius, let Attilia
 At least go with thee.

 _Lic._                 No, my gentle love,
 Too much I prize thy safety and thy peace.
 Let me entreat thee, stay with Barce here
 Till our return.

 _At._              Then, ere ye go, in pity
 Explain the latent purpose of your souls.

 _Lic._ Soon shalt thou know it all--Farewell! farewell!
 Let us keep Regulus in _Rome_, or _die_.
                        [_To_ HAMILCAR _as he goes out_.

 _Ham._ Yes.--These smooth, polish'd Romans shall confess
 The soil of _Afric_, too, produces heroes.
 What, though our pride, perhaps, be less than theirs,
 Our virtue may be equal: they shall own
 The path of honour's not unknown to Carthage,
 Nor, as they arrogantly think, confin'd
 To their proud Capitol:----Yes--they shall learn
 The gods look down on other climes than theirs.
                                             [_Exit._

 _At._ What gone, _both_ gone? What can I think or do?
 Licinius leaves me, led by love and virtue,
 To rouse the citizens to war and tumult,
 Which may be fatal to himself and Rome,
 And yet, alas! not serve my dearest father.
 Protecting deities! preserve them both!

 _Barce._ Nor is thy Barce more at ease, my friend;
 I dread the fierceness of Hamilcar's courage:
 Rous'd by the grandeur of thy brother's deed,
 And stung by his reproaches, his great soul
 Will scorn to be outdone by him in glory.
 Yet, let us rise to courage and to life,
 Forget the weakness of our helpless sex,
 And mount above these coward woman's fears.
 Hope dawns upon my mind--my prospect clears,
 And every cloud now brightens into day.

 _At._ How different are our souls! Thy sanguine temper,
 Flush'd with the native vigour of thy soil,
 Supports thy spirits; while the sad Attilia,
 Sinking with more than all her sex's fears,
 Sees not a beam of hope; or, if she sees it,
 'Tis not the bright, warm splendour of the sun;
 It is a sickly and uncertain glimmer
 Of instantaneous lightning passing by.
 It shows, but not diminishes, the danger,
 And leaves my poor benighted soul as dark
 As it had never shone.

 _Barce._                 Come, let us go.
 Yes, joys unlook'd-for now shall gild thy days,
 And brighter suns reflect propitious rays.   [_Exeunt._


 SCENE--_A Hall looking towards the Garden._

 _Enter_ REGULUS, _speaking to one of_ HAMILCAR'S _Attendants_.


 Where's your Ambassador? where is Hamilcar?
 Ere this he doubtless knows the Senate's will.
 Go, seek him out--Tell him we must depart----
 Rome has no hope for him, or wish for me.
 Longer delay were criminal in _both_.

     _Enter_ MANLIUS.

 _Reg._ He comes. The Consul comes! my noble friend!
 O let me strain thee to this grateful heart,
 And thank thee for the vast, vast debt I owe thee!
 But for _thy_ friendship I had been a wretch----
 Had been compell'd to shameful _liberty_.
 To thee I owe the glory of these chains,
 My faith inviolate, my fame preserv'd,
 My honour, virtue, glory, bondage,--all!

 _Man._ But we shall lose thee, so it is decreed----
 Thou must depart?

 _Reg._                Because I must depart
 You will not lose me; I were lost, indeed,
 Did I remain in Rome.

 _Man._                   Ah! Regulus,
 Why, why so late do I begin to love thee?
 Alas! why have the adverse fates decreed
 I ne'er must give thee other proofs of friendship,
 Than those so fatal and so full of woe?

 _Reg._ Thou hast perform'd the duties of a friend;
 Of a just, faithful, Roman, noble friend:
 Yet, generous as thou art, if thou constrain me
 To sink beneath a weight of obligation,
 I could--yes, Manlius--I could ask still more.

 _Man._ Explain thyself.

 _Reg._                   I think I have fulfill'd
 The various duties of a citizen;
 Nor have I aught beside to do for Rome.
 Now, nothing for the public good remains!
 Manlius, I recollect I am a father!
 My Publius! my Attilia! ah! my friend,
 They are--(forgive the weakness of a parent)
 To my fond heart dear as the drops that warm it.
 Next to my country they're my all of life;
 And, if a weak old man be not deceiv'd,
 They will not shame that country. Yes, my friend,
 The love of virtue blazes in their souls.
 As yet these tender plants are immature,
 And ask the fostering hand of cultivation:
 Heav'n, in its wisdom, would not let their _father_
 Accomplish this great work.--To thee, my friend,
 The tender parent delegates the trust:
 Do not refuse a poor man's legacy;
 I do bequeath my orphans to thy love--
 If thou wilt kindly take them to thy bosom,
 Their loss will be repaid with usury.
 Oh, let the father owe his glory to thee,
 The children their protection!

 _Man._                           Regulus,
 With grateful joy my heart accepts the trust:
 Oh, I will shield, with jealous tenderness,
 The precious blossoms from a blasting world.
 In me thy children shall possess a father,
 Though not as worthy, yet as fond as thee.
 The pride be mine to fill their youthful breasts
 With ev'ry virtue--'twill not cost me much:
 I shall have nought to teach, nor they to learn,
 But the great history of their god-like sire.

 _Reg._ I will not hurt the grandeur of thy virtue,
 By paying thee so poor a thing as thanks.
 Now all is over, and I bless the gods,
 I've nothing more to do.

    _Enter_ PUBLIUS _in haste_.

 _Pub._                    O Regulus!

 _Reg._ Say what has happened?

 _Pub._                       Rome is in a tumult--
 There's scarce a citizen but runs to arms--
 They will not let thee go.

 _Reg._                     Is't possible?
 Can Rome so far forget her dignity
 As to desire this infamous exchange?
 I blush to think it!

 _Pub._               Ah! not so, my father.
 Rome cares not for the peace, nor for th' exchange;
 She only wills that Regulus shall stay.

 _Reg._ How, stay? my oath--my faith--my honour! ah!
 Do they forget?

 _Pub._              No: every man exclaims
 That neither faith nor honour should be kept
 With Carthaginian perfidy and fraud.

 _Reg._ Gods! gods! on what vile principles they reason!
 Can guilt in Carthage palliate guilt in Rome,
 Or vice in one absolve it in another?
 Ah! who hereafter shall be criminal,
 If precedents are us'd to justify
 The blackest crimes.

 _Pub._                 Th' infatuated people
 Have called the augurs to the sacred fane,
 There to determine this momentous point.

 _Reg._ I have no need of _oracles_, my son;
 _Honour's_ the oracle of honest men.
 I gave my promise, which I will observe
 With most religious strictness. Rome, 'tis true,
 Had power to choose the peace, or change of slaves;
 But whether Regulus return, or not,
 Is _his_ concern, not the concern of _Rome_.
 _That_ was a public, _this_ a private care.
 Publius! thy father is not what he was;
 _I_ am the slave of _Carthage_, nor has Rome
 Power to dispose of captives not her own.
 Guards! let us to the port.--Farewell, my friend.

 _Man._ Let me entreat thee stay; for shouldst thou go
 To stem this tumult of the populace,
 They will by force detain thee: then, alas!
 Both Regulus and Rome must break their faith.

 _Reg._ What! must I then remain?

 _Man._                                No, Regulus,
 I will not check thy great career of glory:
 Thou shalt depart; meanwhile, I'll try to calm
 This wild tumultuous uproar of the people.
 The consular authority shall still them.

 _Reg._ Thy virtue is my safeguard----but----

 _Man._                                Enough----
 _I_ know _thy_ honour, and trust thou to _mine_.
 I am a _Roman_, and I feel some sparks
 Of Regulus's virtue in my breast.
 Though fate denies me thy illustrious chains,
 I will at least endeavour to _deserve_ them.   [_Exit._

 _Reg._ How is my country alter'd! how, alas,
 Is the great spirit of old Rome extinct!
 _Restraint_ and _force_ must now be put to use
 To _make_ her virtuous. She must be _compell'd_
 To faith and honour.--Ah! what, Publius here?
 And dost thou leave so tamely to my friend
 The honour to assist me? Go, my boy,
 'Twill make me _more_ in love with chains and death,
 To owe them to a _son_.

 _Pub._                    I go, my father--
 I will, I will obey thee.

 _Reg._                    Do not sigh----
 One sigh will check the progress of thy glory.

 _Pub._ Yes, I will own the pangs of death itself
 Would be less cruel than these agonies:
 Yet do not frown austerely on thy son:
 His anguish is his virtue: if to conquer
 The feelings of my soul were easy to me,
 'Twould be no merit. Do not then defraud
 The sacrifice I make thee of its worth.
                                   [_Exeunt severally._


    MANLIUS, ATTILIA.

 _At._ (_speaking as she enters._)
 Where is the Consul?--Where, oh, where is Manlius?
 I come to breathe the voice of mourning to him,
 I come to crave his mercy, to conjure him
 To whisper peace to my afflicted bosom,
 And heal the anguish of a wounded spirit.

 _Man._ What would the daughter of my noble friend?

 _At._ (_kneeling._)
 If ever pity's sweet emotions touch'd thee,--
 If ever gentle love assail'd thy breast,--
 If ever virtuous friendship fir'd thy soul--
 By the dear names of husband and of parent--
 By all the soft, yet powerful ties of nature--
 If e'er thy lisping infants charm'd thine ear,
 And waken'd all the father in thy soul,--
 If e'er thou hop'st to have thy latter days
 Blest by their love, and sweeten'd by their duty--
 Oh, hear a kneeling, weeping, wretched daughter,
 Who begs a father's life!--nor hers alone,
 But Rome's--his country's father.

 _Man._                                Gentle maid!
 Oh, spare this soft, subduing eloquence!--
 Nay, rise. I shall forget I am a Roman--
 Forget the mighty debt I owe my country--
 Forget the fame and glory of thy father.
 I must conceal this weakness.   [_Turns from her._

 _At._ (_rises eagerly._)            Ah! you weep!
 Indulge, indulge, my Lord, the virtuous softness:
 Was ever sight so graceful, so becoming,
 As pity's tear upon the hero's cheek?

 _Man._ No more--I must not hear thee.   [_Going._

 _At._                    How! not, not hear me!
 You must--you shall--nay, nay return, my Lord--
 Oh, fly not from me!----look upon my woes,
 And imitate the mercy of the gods:
 'Tis not their thunder that excites our reverence,
 'Tis their mild mercy, and forgiving love.
 'Twill add a brighter lustre to thy laurels,
 When men shall say, and proudly point thee out,
 "Behold the Consul!--He who sav'd his friend."
 Oh, what a tide of joy will overwhelm thee!
 Who will not envy thee thy glorious feelings?

 _Man._ Thy father scorns his liberty and life,
 Nor will accept of either at the expense
 Of honour, virtue, glory, faith, and Rome.

 _At._ Think you behold the god-like Regulus
 The prey of unrelenting savage foes,
 Ingenious only in contriving ill:----
 Eager to glut their hunger of revenge,
 They'll plot such new, such dire, unheard-of tortures--
 Such dreadful, and such complicated vengeance,
 As e'en the Punic annals have not known;
 And, as they heap fresh torments on his head,
 They'll glory in their genius for destruction.
 --Ah! Manlius--now methinks I see my father--
 My faithful fancy, full of his idea,
 Presents him to me--mangled, gash'd, and torn--
 Stretch'd on the rack in writhing agony--
 The torturing pincers tear his quivering flesh,
 While the dire murderers smile upon his wounds,
 His groans their music, and his pangs their sport.
 And if they lend some interval of ease,
 Some dear-bought intermission, meant to make
 The following pang more exquisitely felt,
 Th' insulting executioners exclaim,
 --"Now, Roman! feel the vengeance thou hast scorn'd."

 _Man._ Repress thy sorrows----

 _At._                     Can the friend of Regulus
 Advise his daughter not to mourn his fate?
 How cold, alas! is friendship when compar'd
 To ties of blood--to nature's powerful impulse!
 Yes--she asserts her empire in my soul,
 'Tis Nature pleads--she will--she must be heard;
 With warm, resistless eloquence she pleads.--
 Ah, thou art soften'd!--see--the Consul yields--
 The feelings triumph--tenderness prevails--
 The Roman is subdued--the daughter conquers!
                          [_Catching hold of his robe._

 _Man._ Ah, hold me not!--I must not, cannot stay,
 The softness of thy sorrow is contagious;
 I, too, may feel when I should only reason.
 I dare not hear thee--Regulus and Rome,
 The patriot and the friend--all, all forbid it.
                          [_Breaks from her, and exit._

 _At._ O feeble grasp!--and is he gone, quite gone?
 Hold, hold thy empire, Reason, firmly hold it,
 Or rather quit at once thy feeble throne,
 Since thou but serv'st to show me what I've lost,
 To heighten all the horrors that await me;
 To summon up a wild distracted crowd
 Of fatal images, to shake my soul,
 To scare sweet peace, and banish hope itself.
 Farewell! delusive dreams of joy, farewell!
 Come, fell Despair! thou pale-ey'd spectre, come,
 For thou shalt be Attilia's inmate now,
 And thou shalt grow, and twine about her heart,
 And she shall be so much enamour'd of thee,
 The pageant Pleasure ne'er shall interpose
 Her gaudy presence to divide you more.
                [_Stands in an attitude of silent grief._


    _Enter_ LICINIUS.

 _Lic._ At length I've found thee--ah, my charming maid!
 How have I sought thee out with anxious fondness!
 Alas! she hears me not.----My best Attilia!
 Ah! grief oppresses every gentle sense.
 Still, still she hears not----'tis Licinius speaks,
 He comes to soothe the anguish of thy spirit,
 And hush thy tender sorrows into peace.

 _At._ Who's he that dares assume the voice of love,
 And comes unbidden to these dreary haunts?
 Steals on the sacred treasury of woe,
 And breaks the league Despair and I have made?

 _Lic._ 'Tis one who comes the messenger of heav'n,
 To talk of peace, of comfort, and of joy.

 _At._ Didst thou not mock me with the sound of joy?
 Thou little know'st the anguish of my soul,
 If thou believ'st I ever can again,
 So long the wretched sport of angry Fortune,
 Admit delusive hope to my sad bosom.
 No----I abjure the flatterer and her train.
 Let those, who ne'er have been like me deceiv'd,
 Embrace the fair fantastic sycophant--
 For I, alas! am wedded to despair,
 And will not hear the sound of comfort more.

 _Lic._ Cease, cease, my love, this tender voice of woe,
 Though softer than the dying cygnet's plaint:
 She ever chants her most melodious strain
 When death and sorrow harmonise her note.

 _At._ Yes--I will listen now with fond delight;
 For death and sorrow are my darling themes.
 Well!--what hast thou to say of death and sorrow?
 Believe me, thou wilt find me apt to listen,
 And, if my tongue be slow to answer thee,
 Instead of words I'll give thee sighs and tears.

 _Lic._ I come to dry thy tears, not make them flow;
 The gods once more propitious smile upon us,
 Joy shall again await each happy morn,
 And ever-new delight shall crown the day!
 Yes, Regulus shall live.----

 _At._                   Ah me! what say'st thou?
 Alas! I'm but a poor, weak, trembling woman--
 I cannot bear these wild extremes of fate--
 Then mock me not.--I think thou art Licinius,
 The generous lover, and the faithful friend!
 I think thou wouldst not sport with my afflictions.

 _Lic._ Mock thy afflictions?--May eternal Jove,
 And every power at whose dread shrine we worship,
 Blast all the hopes my fond ideas form,
 If I deceive thee! Regulus shall live,
 Shall live to give thee to Licinius' arms.
 Oh! we will smooth his downward path of life,
 And after a long length of virtuous years,
 At the last verge of honourable age,
 When nature's glimmering lamp goes gently out,
 We'll close, together close his eyes in peace--
 Together drop the sweetly-painful tear--
 Then copy out his virtues in our lives.

 _At._ And shall we be so blest? is't possible?
 Forgive me, my Licinius, if I doubt thee.
 Fate never gave such exquisite delight
 As flattering hope hath imag'd to thy soul.
 But how?----Explain this bounty of the gods.

 _Lic._ Thou know'st what influence the name of Tribune
 Gives its possessor o'er the people's minds:
 That power I have exerted, nor in vain;
 All are prepar'd to second my designs:
 The plot is ripe,--there's not a man but swears
 To keep thy god-like father here in Rome----
 To save his life at hazard of his own.

 _At._ By what gradation does my joy ascend!
 I thought that if my father had been sav'd
 By any means, I had been rich in bliss:
 But that he lives, and lives preserv'd by thee,
 Is such a prodigality of fate,
 I cannot bear my joy with moderation:
 Heav'n should have dealt it with a scantier hand,
 And not have shower'd such plenteous blessings on me;
 They are too great, too flattering to be real;
 'Tis some delightful vision, which enchants,
 And cheats my senses, weaken'd by misfortune.

 _Lic._ We'll seek thy father, and meanwhile, my fair,
 Compose thy sweet emotions ere thou see'st him,
 Pleasure itself is painful in excess;
 For joys, like sorrows, in extreme, oppress:
 The gods themselves our pious cares approve,
 And to reward our virtue crown our love.




 ACT V.


 _An Apartment in the Ambassador's Palace--Guards
 and other Attendants seen at a distance._


 _Ham._ Where is this wondrous man, this matchless hero,
 This arbiter of kingdoms and of kings,
 This delegate of heav'n, this Roman god?
 I long to show his soaring mind an equal,
 And bring it to the standard of humanity.
 What pride, what glory will it be to fix
 An obligation on his stubborn soul!
 Oh! to constrain a foe to be obliged!
 The very thought exalts me e'en to rapture.

    _Enter_ REGULUS _and Guards_.

 _Ham._ Well, Regulus!--At last--

 _Reg._                            I know it all;
 I know the motive of thy just complaint--
 Be not alarm'd at this licentious uproar
 Of the mad populace. I will depart--
 Fear not--I will not stay in Rome alive.

 _Ham._ What dost thou mean by uproar and alarms?
 Hamilcar does not come to vent complaints;
 He rather comes to prove that Afric, too,
 Produces heroes, and that Tiber's banks
 May find a rival on the Punic coast.

 _Reg._ Be it so.--'Tis not a time for vain debate:
 Collect thy people.--Let us strait depart.

 _Ham._ Lend me thy hearing, first.

 _Reg._                       O patience, patience!

 _Ham._ Is it esteem'd a glory to be grateful?

 _Reg._ The time has been when 'twas a duty only,
 But 'tis a duty now so little practis'd,
 That to perform it is become a glory.

 _Ham._ If to fulfil it should expose to danger?----

 _Reg._ It rises then to an illustrious virtue.

 _Ham._ Then grant this merit to an African.
 Give me a patient hearing----Thy great son,
 As delicate in honour as in love,
 Hath nobly given my Barce to my arms;
 And yet I know he doats upon the maid.
 I come to emulate the generous deed;
 He gave me back my love, and in return
 I will restore his father.

 _Reg._                   Ah! what say'st thou?
 Wilt thou preserve me then?

 _Ham._                       I will.

 _Reg._                                But how?

 _Ham._ By leaving thee at liberty to _fly_.

 _Reg._                                      Ah!

 _Ham._ I will dismiss my guards on some pretence,
 Meanwhile do thou escape, and lie conceal'd:
 I will affect a rage I shall not feel,
 Unmoor my ships, and sail for Africa.

 _Reg._ Abhorr'd barbarian!

 _Ham._                   Well, what dost thou say?
 Art thou not much surpris'd?

 _Reg._                       I am, indeed.

 _Ham._ Thou could'st not then have hop'd it?

 _Reg._                          No! I could not.

 _Ham._ And yet I'm not a Roman.

 _Reg._ (_smiling contemptuously._) I perceive it.

 _Ham._ You may retire (_aloud to the guards_).

 _Reg._             No!--Stay, I charge you stay.

 _Ham._ And wherefore stay?

 _Reg._                  I thank thee for thy offer,
 But I shall go with thee.

 _Ham._                   'Tis well, proud man!
 Thou dost despise me, then?

 _Reg._                        No--but I pity thee.

 _Ham._ Why pity me?

 _Reg._                   Because thy poor dark soul
 Hath never felt the piercing ray of virtue.
 Know, African! the scheme thou dost propose
 Would injure me, thy country, and thyself.

 _Ham._ Thou dost mistake.

 _Reg._                   Who was it gave thee power
 To rule the destiny of Regulus?
 Am I a slave to Carthage, or to thee?

 _Ham._ What does it signify from whom, proud Roman!
 Thou dost receive this benefit?

 _Reg._                           A benefit?
 O savage ignorance! is it a benefit
 To lie, elope, deceive, and be a villain?

 _Ham._ What! not when life itself, when all's at stake?
 Know'st thou my countrymen prepare thee tortures
 That shock imagination but to think of?
 Thou wilt be mangled, butcher'd, rack'd, impal'd.
 Does not thy nature shrink?

 _Reg._ (_smiling at his threats._) Hamilcar! no.
 Dost thou not know the Roman genius better?
 We live on honour--'tis our food, our life.
 The motive, and the measure of our deeds!
 We look on death as on a common object;
 The tongue nor faulters, nor the cheek turns pale,
 Nor the calm eye is mov'd at sight of him:
 We court, and we embrace him undismay'd;
 We smile at tortures if they lead to glory,
 And only cowardice and guilt appal us.

 _Ham._ Fine sophistry! the valour of the tongue,
 The heart disclaims it; leave this pomp of words,
 And cease dissembling with a friend like me.
 I know that life is dear to all who live,
 That death is dreadful,--yes, and must be fear'd,
 E'en by the frozen apathists of Rome.

 _Reg._ Did I fear death when on Bagrada's banks
 I fac'd and slew the formidable serpent
 That made your boldest Africans recoil,
 And shrink with horror, though the monster liv'd
 A native inmate of their own parch'd deserts?
 Did I fear death before the gates of Adis?--
 Ask Bostar, or let Asdrubal confess.

 _Ham._ Or shall I rather of Xantippus ask,
 Who dar'd to undeceive deluded Rome,
 And prove this vaunter not invincible?
 'Tis even said, in Africa I mean,
 He made a prisoner of this demigod.--
 Did we not triumph then?

 _Reg._                     Vain boaster! no.
 No Carthaginian conquer'd Regulus;
 Xantippus was a Greek--a brave one too:
 Yet what distinction did your Afric make
 Between the man who serv'd her, and her foe:
 I was the object of her open hate;
 He, of her secret, dark malignity.
 He durst not trust the nation he had sav'd;
 He knew, and therefore fear'd you.--Yes, he knew
 Where once you were oblig'd you ne'er forgave.
 Could you forgive at all, you'd rather pardon
 The man who hated, than the man who serv'd you.
 Xantippus found his ruin ere it reach'd him,
 Lurking behind your honours and rewards;
 Found it in your feign'd courtesies and fawnings.
 When vice intends to strike a master stroke,
 Its veil is smiles, its language protestations.
 The Spartan's merit threaten'd, but his service
 Compell'd his ruin.--Both you could not pardon.

 _Ham._ Come, come, I know full well----

 _Reg._                          Barbarian! peace.
 I've heard too much.--Go, call thy followers:
 Prepare thy ships, and learn to do thy duty.

 _Ham._ Yes!--show thyself intrepid, and insult me;
 Call mine the blindness of barbarian friendship.
 On Tiber's banks I hear thee, and am calm:
 But know, thou scornful Roman! that too soon
 In Carthage thou may'st fear and feel my vengeance:
 Thy cold, obdurate pride shall there confess,
 Though Rome may talk--'tis Africa can punish.
                                          [_Exit._

 _Reg._ Farewell! I've not a thought to waste on thee.
 Where is the Consul? why does Publius stay?
 Alas! I fear--but see Attilia comes!--

    _Enter_ ATTILIA.

 _Reg._ What brings thee here, my child? what eager joy
 Transports thee thus?

 _At._              I cannot speak--my father!
 Joy chokes my utterance--Rome, dear grateful Rome,
 (Oh, may her cup with blessings overflow!)
 Gives up our common destiny to thee;
 Faithful and constant to th' advice thou gav'st her,
 She will not hear of peace, or change of slaves,
 But she insists--reward and bless her, gods!--
 That thou shalt here remain.

 _Reg._                   What! with the shame----

 _At._ Oh! no--the sacred senate hath consider'd
 That when to Carthage thou did'st pledge thy faith,
 Thou wast a captive, and that being such,
 Thou could'st not bind thyself in covenant.

 _Reg._ He who can die, is always free, my child!
 Learn farther, he who owns another's strength
 Confesses his own weakness.--Let them know,
 I swore I would return because I chose it,
 And will return, because I swore to do it.

    _Enter_ PUBLIUS.

 _Pub._ Vain is that hope, my father.

 _Reg._                          Who shall stop me?

 _Pub._ All Rome.----The citizens are up in arms:
 In vain would reason stop the growing torrent;
 In vain wouldst thou attempt to reach the port,
 The way is barr'd by thronging multitudes:
 The other streets of Rome are all deserted.

 _Reg._ Where, where is Manlius?

 _Pub._                       He is still thy friend:
 His single voice opposes a whole people;
 He threats this moment and the next entreats,
 But all in vain; none hear him, none obey.
 The general fury rises e'en to madness.
 The axes tremble in the lictors' hands,
 Who, pale and spiritless, want power to use them--
 And one wild scene of anarchy prevails.

 _Reg._ Farewell! my daughter. Publius, follow me.
                                   [_Exit_ PUBLIUS.

 _At._ Ah! where? I tremble----
                              [_Detaining_ REGULUS.

 _Reg._                        To assist my friend--
 T' upbraid my hapless country with her crime--
 To keep unstain'd the glory of these chains--
 To go, or perish.

 _At._               Oh! have mercy!

 _Reg._                                 Hold;
 I have been patient with thee; have indulg'd
 Too much the fond affections of thy soul;
 It is enough; thy grief would now offend
 Thy father's honour; do not let thy tears
 Conspire with Rome to rob me of my triumph.

 _At._ Alas! it wounds my soul.

 _Reg._                             I know it does.
 I know 'twill grieve thy gentle heart to lose me;
 But think, thou mak'st the sacrifice to Rome,
 And all is well again.

 _At._                   Alas! my father,
 In aught beside----

 _Reg._ What wouldst thou do, my child?
 Canst thou direct the destiny of Rome,
 And boldly plead amid the assembled senate?
 Canst thou, forgetting all thy sex's softness,
 Fiercely engage in hardy deeds of arms?
 Canst thou encounter labour, toil and famine,
 Fatigue and hardships, watchings, cold and heat?
 Canst thou attempt to serve thy country thus?
 Thou canst not:--but thou may'st sustain my loss
 Without these agonising pains of grief,
 And set a bright example of submission,
 Worthy a Roman's daughter.

 _At._                         Yet such fortitude--

 _Reg._ Is a most painful virtue;--but Attilia
 Is Regulus's daughter, and must have it.

 _At._ I will entreat the gods to give it me.
 Ah! thou art offended! I have lost thy love.

 _Reg._ Is this concern a mark that thou hast lost it?
 I cannot, cannot spurn my weeping child.
 Receive this proof of my paternal fondness;--
 Thou lov'st Licinius--he too loves my daughter.
 I give thee to his wishes; I do more--
 I give thee to his virtues.--Yes, Attilia,
 The noble youth deserves this dearest pledge
 Thy father's friendship ever can bestow.

 _At._ My lord! my father! wilt thou, canst thou leave me?
 The tender father will not quit his child!

 _Reg._ I am, I am thy father! as a proof,
 I leave thee my example how to suffer.
 My child! I have a heart within this bosom;
 That heart has passions--see in what we differ;
 Passion--which is thy tyrant--is my slave.

 _At._ Ah! stay my father. Ah!--

 _Reg._                       Farewell! farewell!
                                            [_Exit._

 _At._ Yes, Regulus! I feel thy spirit here,
 Thy mighty spirit struggling in this breast,
 And it shall conquer all these coward feelings,
 It shall subdue the woman in my soul;
 A Roman virgin should be something more--
 Should dare above her sex's narrow limits--
 And I will dare--and mis'ry shall assist me--
 My father! I will be indeed thy daughter!
 The hero shall no more disdain his child;
 Attilia shall not be the only branch
 That yields dishonour to the parent tree.

    _Enter_ BARCE.

 _Barce._ Attilia! is it true that Regulus,
 In spite of senate, people, augurs, friends,
 And children, will depart?

 _At._                       Yes, it is true.

 _Barce._ Oh! what romantic madness!

 _At._                                You forget--
 Barce! the deeds of heroes claim respect.

 _Barce._ Dost thou approve a virtue which must lead
 To chains, to tortures, and to certain death?

 _At._ Barce! those chains, those tortures, and that death,
 Will be his triumph.

 _Barce._                Thou art pleas'd, Attilia:
 By heav'n thou dost exult in his destruction!

 _At._ Ah! pitying powers.   [_Weeps._

 _Barce._                   I do not comprehend thee.

 _At._ No, Barce, I believe it.--Why, how shouldst thou?
 If I mistake not, thou wast born in Carthage,
 In a barbarian land, where never child
 Was taught to triumph in a father's chains.

 _Barce._ Yet thou dost weep--thy tears at least are honest,
 For they refuse to share thy tongue's deceit;
 They speak the genuine language of affliction,
 And tell the sorrows that oppress thy soul.

 _At._ Grief, that dissolves in tears, relieves the heart.
 When congregated vapours melt in rain,
 The sky is calm'd, and all's serene again.   [_Exit._

 _Barce._ Why, what a strange, fantastic land is this!
 This love of glory's the disease of Rome;
 It makes her mad, it is a wild delirium,
 An universal and contagious frenzy;
 It preys on all, it spares nor sex nor age:
 The Consul envies Regulus his chains--
 He, not less mad, contemns his life and freedom--
 The daughter glories in the father's ruin--
 And Publius, more distracted than the rest,
 Resigns the object that his soul adores,
 For this vain phantom, for this empty glory.
 This may be virtue; but I thank the gods,
 The soul of Barce's not a Roman soul.   [_Exit._


 _Scene within sight of the Tiber--Ships ready for the embarkation
  of Regulus and the Ambassador--Tribune and People stopping up the
  passage--Consul and Lictors endeavouring to clear it._

    MANLIUS _and_ LICINIUS _advance_.

 _Lic._ Rome will not suffer Regulus to go.

 _Man._ I thought the Consul and the Senators
 Had been a part of Rome.

 _Lic._                       I grant they are--
 But still the people are the greater part.

 _Man._ The greater, not the wiser.

 _Lic._                          The less cruel.----
 Full of esteem and gratitude to Regulus,
 We would preserve his life.

 _Man._                        And we his honour.

 _Lic._ His honour!----

 _Man._ Yes. Time presses. Words are vain.
 Make way there--clear the passage.

 _Lic._                             On your lives,
 Stir not a man.

 _Man._          I do command you, go.

 _Lic._ And I forbid it.

 _Man._                   Clear the way, my friends.
 How dares Licinius thus oppose the Consul?

 _Lic._ How dar'st thou, Manlius, thus oppose the Tribune?

 _Man._ I'll show thee what I dare, imprudent boy!--
 Lictors, force through the passage.

 _Lic._                          Romans, guard it.

 _Man._ Gods! is my power resisted then with arms?
 Thou dost affront the Majesty of Rome.

 _Lic._ The Majesty of Rome is in the people;
 Thou dost insult it by opposing them.

 _People._ Let noble Regulus remain in Rome.

 _Man._ My friends, let me explain this treacherous scheme.

 _People._ We will not hear thee----Regulus shall stay.

 _Man._ What! none obey me?

 _People._                      Regulus shall stay.

 _Man._ Romans, attend.----

 _People._                     Let Regulus remain.

    _Enter_ REGULUS, _followed by_ PUBLIUS, ATTILIA,
    HAMILCAR, BARCE, _&c._

 _Reg._ Let Regulus remain! What do I hear?
 Is't possible the wish should come from you?
 Can Romans give, or Regulus accept,
 A life of infamy? Is't possible?
 Where is the ancient virtue of my country?
 Rise, rise, ye mighty spirits of old Rome!
 I do invoke you from your silent tombs;
 Fabricius, Cocles, and Camillus, rise,
 And show your sons what their great fathers were.
 My countrymen, what crime have I committed?
 Alas! how has the wretched Regulus
 Deserv'd your hatred?

 _Lic._                   Hatred? ah! my friend,
 It is our love would break these cruel chains.

 _Reg._ If you deprive me of my chains, I'm nothing;
 They are my honours, riches, titles,--all!
 They'll shame my enemies, and grace my country;
 They'll waft her glory to remotest climes,
 Beyond her provinces and conquer'd realms,
 Where yet her conq'ring eagles never flew;
 Nor shall she blush hereafter if she find
 Recorded with her faithful citizens
 The name of Regulus, the captive Regulus.
 My countrymen! what, think you, kept in awe
 The Volsci, Sabines, Æqui, and Hernici?
 The arms of Rome alone? no, 'twas her virtue;
 That sole surviving good, which brave men keep
 Though fate and warring worlds combine against them:
 This still is mine--and I'll preserve it, Romans!
 The wealth of Plutus shall not bribe it from me!
 If you, alas! require this sacrifice,
 Carthage herself was less my foe than Rome;
 She took my freedom--she could take no more;
 But Rome, to crown her work, would take my honour.
 My friends! if you deprive me of my chains,
 I am no more than any other slave:
 Yes, Regulus becomes a common captive,
 A wretched, lying, perjur'd fugitive!
 But if, to grace my bonds, you leave my honour,
 I shall be still a Roman, though a slave.

 _Lic._ What faith should be observ'd with savages?
 What promise should be kept which bonds extort?

 _Reg._ Unworthy subterfuge! ah! let us leave
 To the wild Arab and the faithless Moor
 These wretched maxims of deceit and fraud:
 Examples ne'er can justify the coward:
 The brave man never seeks a vindication,
 Save from his own just bosom and the gods;
 From principle, not precedent, he acts:
 As that arraigns him, or as that acquits,
 He stands or falls; condemn'd or justified.

 _Lic._ Rome is no more if Regulus departs.

 _Reg._ Let Rome remember Regulus must die!
 Nor would the moment of my death be distant,
 If nature's work had been reserv'd for nature:
 What Carthage means to do, _she_ would have done
 As speedily, perhaps, at least as surely.
 My wearied life has almost reach'd its goal;
 The once-warm current stagnates in these veins,
 Or through its icy channels slowly creeps----
 View the weak arm; mark the pale furrow'd cheek,
 The slacken'd sinew, and the dim sunk eye,
 And tell me then I must not think of dying!
 How can I serve you else? My feeble limbs
 Would totter now beneath the armour's weight,
 The burden of that body it once shielded.
 You see, my friends, you see, my countrymen,
 I can no longer show myself a Roman,
 Except by dying like one.----Gracious Heaven
 Points out a way to crown my days with glory;
 Oh, do not frustrate, then, the will of Jove,
 And close a life of virtue with disgrace!
 Come, come, I know my noble Romans better;
 I see your souls, I read repentance in them;
 You all applaud me--nay, you wish my chains:
 'Twas nothing but excess of love misled you,
 And as you're Romans you will conquer that.
 Yes!--I perceive your weakness is subdu'd--
 Seize, seize the moment of returning virtue;
 Throw to the ground, my sons, those hostile arms;
 Retard no longer Regulus's triumph;
 I do request it of you, as a friend,
 I call you to your duty, as a patriot,
 And--were I still your gen'ral, I'd command you.

 _Lic._ Lay down your arms--let Regulus depart.

    [_To the People, who clear the way, and quit their arms._

 _Reg._ Gods! gods! I thank you--you indeed are righteous.

 _Pub._ See every man disarm'd. Oh, Rome! oh, father!

 _At._ Hold, hold my heart. Alas! they all obey.

 _Reg._ The way is clear. Hamilcar, I attend thee.

 _Ham._ Why, I begin to envy this old man!   [_Aside._

 _Man._ Not the proud victor on the day of triumph,
 Warm from the slaughter of dispeopled realms,
 Though conquer'd princes grace his chariot wheels,
 Though tributary monarchs wait his nod,
 And vanquish'd nations bend the knee before him,
 E'er shone with half the lustre that surrounds
 This voluntary sacrifice for Rome!
 Who loves his country will obey her laws;
 Who most obeys them is the truest patriot.

 _Reg._ Be our last parting worthy of ourselves.
 Farewell! my friends.--I bless the gods who rule us,
 Since I must leave you, that I leave you Romans.
 Preserve the glorious name untainted still,
 And you shall be the rulers of the globe,
 The arbiters of earth. The farthest east,
 Beyond where Ganges rolls his rapid flood,
 Shall proudly emulate the Roman name.
 (_Kneels._) Ye gods, the guardians of this glorious people,
 Who watch with jealous eye Æneas' race,
 This land of heroes I commit to you!
 This ground, these walls, this people be your care!
 Oh! bless them, bless them with a liberal hand!
 Let fortitude and valour, truth and justice,
 For ever flourish and increase among them!
 And if some baneful planet threat the Capitol
 With its malignant influence, oh, avert it!--
 Be Regulus the victim of your wrath.--
 On this white head be all your vengeance pour'd,
 But spare, oh, spare, and bless immortal Rome!
 Ah! tears? my Romans weep? Farewell! farewell!

 ATTILIA _struggles to get to_ REGULUS--_is prevented--she
 faints--he fixes his eye steadily on her for some time,
 and then departs to the ships_.

 _Man._ (_looking after him._)
 Farewell! farewell! thou glory of mankind!
 Protector, father, saviour of thy country!
 Through Regulus the Roman name shall live,
 Shall triumph over time, and mock oblivion.
 Farewell! thou pride of this immortal coast!
 'Tis Rome alone a Regulus can boast.




 EPILOGUE.

 WRITTEN BY DAVID GARRICK, ESQ.

 SPOKEN BY MISS MANSELL.


 What son of physic, but his art extends,
 As well as hand, when call'd on by his friends?
 What landlord is so weak to make you fast,
 When guests like you bespeak a good repast?
 But weaker still were he whom fate has plac'd
 To soothe your cares, and gratify your taste,
 Should he neglect to bring before your eyes
 Those dainty dramas which from genius rise;
 Whether your luxury be to smile or weep,
 His and your profits just proportion keep.
 To-night he brought, nor fears a due reward,
 A Roman Patriot by a Female Bard.
 Britons who feel his flame, his worth will rate,
 No common spirit his, no common fate.
 INFLEXIBLE and CAPTIVE must be great.
 "How!" cries a sucking fop, thus lounging, straddling
 (Whose head shows want of ballast by its nodding),
 "A woman write? Learn, Madam, of your betters,
 And read a noble Lord's Post-hù-mous Letters.
 There you will learn the sex may merit praise
 By making puddings--not by making plays:
 They can make tea and mischief, dance and sing;
 Their heads, though full of feathers, can't take wing."
 I thought they could, Sir; now and then by chance,
 Maids fly to Scotland, and some wives to France.
 He still went nodding on--"Do all she can,
 Woman's a trifle--play-thing--like her fan."
 Right, Sir, and when a wife the _rattle_ of a man.
 And shall such _things_ as these become the test
 Of female worth? the fairest and the best
 Of all heaven's creatures? for so Milton sung us,
 And, with such champions, who shall dare to wrong us?
 Come forth, proud man, in all your pow'rs array'd;
 Shine out in all your splendour--Who's afraid?
 Who on French wit has made a glorious war,
 Defended Shakspeare, and subdu'd Voltaire?--
 Woman![A]--Who, rich in knowledge, knows no pride,
 Can boast ten tongues, and yet not satisfied?
 Woman![B]--Who lately sung the sweetest lay?
 A woman! woman! woman![C] still I say.
 Well, then, who dares deny our power and might?
 Will any married man dispute our right?
 Speak boldly, Sirs,--your wives are not in sight.
 What! are you silent? then you are content;
 Silence, the proverb tells us, gives consent.
 Critics, will you allow our honest claim?
 Are you dumb, too? This night has fix'd our fame.




FOOTNOTES.

    A: Mrs. Montague, Author of an Essay on the Writings of
    Shakspeare.

    B: Mrs. Carter, well known for her skill in ancient and
    modern languages.

    C: Miss Aikin, whose Poems were just published.


 LONDON:
 Printed by A. & R. Spottiswoode,
 New-Street-Square.




TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE:

Hyphenation is inconsistent.

In view of the Roman context, the word "virtus" was left in place in
a speech by Manlius in Act III, although it may be a misprint for
"virtue".







*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE INFLEXIBLE CAPTIVE: A TRAGEDY, IN FIVE ACTS ***


    

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following
the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use
of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very
easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation
of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project
Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may
do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected
by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark
license, especially commercial redistribution.


START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person
or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual
works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting
free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily
comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when
you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear
prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work
on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed,
performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

    This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
    other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
    whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
    of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
    at www.gutenberg.org. If you
    are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws
    of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
  
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is
derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works
posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format
other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

    • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
        the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method
        you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
        to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has
        agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
        Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
        within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
        legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
        payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
        Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
        Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
        Literary Archive Foundation.”
    
    • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
        you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
        does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
        License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
        copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
        all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™
        works.
    
    • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
        any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
        electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
        receipt of the work.
    
    • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
        distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
    

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than
are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right
of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,
Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread
public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state
visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.