The Project Gutenberg eBook of Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology) This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology) Author: Various Release date: February 26, 2017 [eBook #54240] Language: English Credits: Produced by Charlene Taylor, Karin Spence, Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, SERIES 3, VOLUME 4 (ZOOLOGY) *** Produced by Charlene Taylor, Karin Spence, Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES THIRD SERIES ZOOLOGY VOL. IV 1905-1906 SAN FRANCISCO PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY 1906 INDEX TO VOLUME IV, THIRD SERIES, ZOOLOGY. New names in =heavy-faced type=; Synonyms in _italics_. _adamanteus atrox, Crotalus_, 18 Amphispiza belli, 66 _Anaides lugubris_, 5 Anniella: The species of the Reptilian Genus Anniella with Especial Reference to Anniella texana and to Variation in Anniella nigra, 41-9 nigra, 42, 43, 44, 48, 49 pulchra, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48 texana, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48 anthonyi, Bascanion, 3, 4, 27 Arizona: On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona, 66-7 elegans, 66 _atrox, Crotalus_, 18, 24 attenuatus, Batrachoseps, 3, 6, 7, 16 auriculata, Uta, 3, 4, 26 _Autodax lugubris_, 4, 5 =lugubris farallonensis=, 2, 3, 4, 5 Bascanion, 25 anthonyi, 3, 4, 27 _laterale_, 26, 66 laterale fuliginosum, 3, 4, 26 Batrachoseps attenuatus, 3, 6, 7, 16 pacificus, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11 becki, Sceloporus, 2, 3, 4, 9 _beldingi, Verticaria_, 23 belli, Amphispiza, 66 biseriatus becki, Sceloporus, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 Callisaurus ventralis, 3, 25 catenifer, Pituophis, 3, 21 _catenifer deserticola, Pituophis_, 21 cerroense, Phrynosoma, 3, 4, 23 clarionensis, Uta, 3, 4, 27 clarki clarki, Sceloporus, 23 Cnemidophorus labialis, 3, 4, 24 multiscutatus, 3, 4, 24 rubidus, 3, 25, 26 _tessellatus rubidus_, 26 _tessellatus multiscutatus_, 24 tigris undulatus, 66 Coluber, 66 _confluentus confluentus, Crotalus_, 18 copeii, Crotaphytus, 25 _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_, 18 _atrox_, 18, 24 _confluentus confluentus_, 18 exsul, 3, 4, 24 _lucifer_, 16, 18 mitchellii, 3, 26 oregonus, 3, 16, 18 _Crotaphytus copeii_, 25 wislizenii, 25 _curla_, Hyla, 23 Dermochelys: On the Occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle, Dermochelys, on the Coast of California, 51-6 Dipsosaurus dorsalis, 3, 24 dorsalis, Dipsosaurus, 3, 24 elegans, Arizona, 66 =exsul,= Crotalus, 3, 4, 24 Gerrhonotus, 18, 20 _multicarinatus_, 14 palmeri, 21 scincicauda, 3, 10, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21 scincicauda =ignavus= 2, 3, 19, 21 _scincicaudus_, 14 _Hemidactylium pacificum_, 6 _hernandezi, Phrynosoma_, 23 Hyla _curla_, 23 regilla, 3, 13, 23 hyperythra beldingi, Verticaria, 3, 23, 25 Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, 18 On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus in Central California; and on the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona, 65-6 =ignavus,= Gerrhonotus scincicauda, 2, 3, 19, 21 intermedius, Plethodon, 61 labialis, Cnemidophorus, 3, 4, 24 laterale, Bascanion, 26, 66 laterale fuliginosum, Bascanion, 3, 4, 26 _lateralis fuliginosus, Zamenis_, 26 _lucifer, Crotalus_, 16, 18 _lugubris, Anaides_, 5 _lugubris_, Autodax, 4, 5 =lugubris farallonensis=, Autodax, 2, 3, 4, =5= =martinensis=, Uta, 2, 3, 4, =18= mitchellii, Crotalus, 3, =26= _multicarinatus, Gerrhonotus_, 14 multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, 3, 4, =24= _multiscutatus tessellatus, Cnemidophorus_, 24 nigra, Anniella, 42, 43, 44, 48, =49= nigricauda, Uta, 3, =25= occidentalis, Sceloporus, 9, 10, 12 ochrorhynchus, Hypsiglena, =65-6= oregonensis, Plethodon, 61, 62 oregonus, Crotalus, 3, =16=, =18= pacificum, Hemidactylium, 6 pacificus, Batrachoseps, 3, 4, =6=, 7, =11= palmeri, Gerrhonotus, 21 Phrynosoma, cerroense, 3, 4, =23= _hernandezi_, 23 Pituophis, 66 catenifer, 3, =21= _catenifer deserticola_, 21 _Pityophis sayi bellona_, 21 Plethodon, 7 intermedius, 61 oregonensis, 61, 62 =vandykei=, =61= Description of a New Species of Plethodon, =61-3= pulchra, Anniella, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, =48= regilla, Hyla, 3, =13=, =23= Rhinechis, 66 riversiana, Xantusia, 3, 4, =15=, =16=, =17= rubidus, Cnemidophorus, 3, =25=, =26= rubidus, Cnemidophorus tessellatus, 26 sayi bellona, Pityophis, 21 Sceloporus =becki=, 2, 3, 4, =9= biseriatus becki, 3, 9, 10, =11=, =12=, =14= _clarki clarki_, 23 occidentalis, 9, 10, 12 undulatus, 9 zosteromus, 3, =23=, =25=, =26= scincicauda, Gerrhonotus, 3, =10=, =12=, =14=, 19, 20, 21 scincicauda =ignavus=, Gerrhonotus, 2, 3, =19=, 21 scincicaudus, Gerrhonotus, 14 stansburiana, Uta, 3, =13=, =14=, =16=, =17=, 21, =23=, =24= =stellata=, Uta, 2, 3, 4, =21= tessellatus rubidus, Cnemidophorus, 26 tessellatus multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, 24 texana, Anniella, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48 tigris undulatus, Cnemidophorus, 66 undulatus, Cnemidophorus tigris, 66 undulatus, Sceloporus, 9 Uta, 18, 27 auriculata, 3, 4, =26= clarionensis, 3, 4, =27= =martinensis=, 2, 3, 4, =18= nigricauda, 3, =25= stansburiana, 3, =13=, =14=, =16=, =17=, 21, =23=, =24= =stellata=, 2, 3, 4, =21= =vandykei=, Plethodon Description of a New Species of the Genus Plethodon, =61-3= ventralis, Callisaurus, 3, =25= _Verticaria beldingi_, 23 hyperythra beldingi, 3, =23=, =25= wislizenii, Crotaphytus, 25 Xantusia riversiana, 3, 4, =15=, =16=, =17= _Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus_, 26 zosteromus, Sceloporus, 3, =23=, =25=, =26= CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV. PLATES I-XI. PAGE Title-page i Contents iii No. 1. The Reptiles and Amphibians of the Islands of the Pacific Coast of North America from the Farallons to Cape San Lucas and the Revilla Gigedos. By John Van Denburgh. (Plates I-VIII) 1 (Published June 15, 1905) No. 2. The Species of the Reptilian Genus Anniella, with Especial Reference to Anniella texana and to Variation in Anniella nigra. By John Van Denburgh 41 (Published December 2, 1905) No. 3. On the Occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle, Dermochelys, on the Coast of California. By John Van Denburgh. (Plates IX-XI) 51 (Published December 2, 1905) No. 4. Description of a New Species of the Genus Plethodon (Plethodon vandykei) from Mount Rainier, Washington. By John Van Denburgh 61 (Published March 14, 1906) No. 5. On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, in Central California; and On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona. By John Van Denburgh 65 (Published March 14, 1906) Index 69 December 30, 1914. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^D. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE I. PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S. F.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES THIRD SERIES ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 1 _Issued June 15, 1905_ =THE REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF THE ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA FROM THE FARALLONS TO CAPE SAN LUCAS AND THE REVILLA GIGEDOS= BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_. CONTENTS. PLATES I-VIII. PAGE INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 2 TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION 3 FAUNAL RELATIONSHIPS 4 SOUTH FARALLON ISLAND 4 SAN MIGUEL ISLAND 6 SANTA ROSA ISLAND 11 SANTA CRUZ ISLAND 13 ANA CAPA ISLAND 14 SAN NICOLAS ISLAND 15 SANTA BARBARA ISLAND 15 SANTA CATALINA ISLAND 16 SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND 17 LOS CORONADOS 17 SAN MARTIN ISLAND 18 SAN BENITO ISLAND 21 CERROS ISLAND 22 NATIVIDAD ISLAND 24 MAGDALENA ISLAND 24 SANTA MARGARITA ISLAND 25 SOCORRO ISLAND 26 CLARION ISLAND 27 June 13, 1905 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. The first contribution to the herpetology of the islands of the Pacific Coast of North America of which I have knowledge was, curiously enough, a description of the lizard of Socorro, an island perhaps the least accessible of them all. This description was published by Professor Cope in 1871. Six years later Dr. Streets recorded a few notes on the fauna of Cerros, San Martin, and Los Coronados. Since that time there have appeared at intervals contributions from Yarrow, Belding, Cope, Garman, Townsend, Stejneger, and Van Denburgh, resulting in the gradual accumulation of a considerable fund of knowledge. The papers in which this information is contained are so widely scattered through journals and the publications of various societies and museums as to be but little available. It has, therefore, been thought expedient to review the whole subject while reporting upon the material which in the last few years has been accumulating in the collection of the Academy. In this paper there are mentioned or described twenty-nine species and subspecies, representing the fauna of eighteen islands. Of these four are amphibians, nineteen are lizards, and six are snakes. The following forms are here described as new:-- _Autodax lugubris farallonensis_, South Farallon Island, _Uta martinensis_, San Martin Island, _Uta stellata_, San Benito Island, _Sceloporus becki_, San Miguel Island, _Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus_, San Martin Island. The island distribution of the various species and subspecies is indicated in the following table: DISTRIBUTION OF ISLAND REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS. Table Key: A: Farallon B: San Miguel C: Santa Rosa D: Santa Cruz E: Ana Capa F: San Nicolas G: Santa Barbara H: Santa Catalina I: San Clemente J: Los Coronados K: San Martin L: San Benito M: Cerros N: Natividad O: Magdalena P: Santa Margarita Q: Socorro R: Clarion S: Mainland ===============================+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= Name |A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S -------------------------------+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- Autodax lugubris farallonensis |x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Batrachoseps attenuatus | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | | | | |x Batrachoseps pacificus | |x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |? Hyla regilla | | | |x| | | | | | | | |x| | | | | |x Dipsosaurus dorsalis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x Callisaurus ventralis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | |x Crotaphytus wislizenii | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x Uta stansburiana | | | |x|x| | |x|x| | | |x|x| | | | |x Uta martinensis | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | | Uta stellata | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | Uta nigricauda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x Uta auriculata | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | Uta clarionensis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| Sceloporus zosteromus | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| |x|x| | |x Sceloporus becki | |x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sceloporus biseriatus becki | | |x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Phrynosoma cerroense | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | Gerrhonotus scincicauda | |x|x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus| | | | | | | | | |?|x| | | | | | | |x Xantusia riversiana | | | | | |x|x|x|x| | | | | | | | | | Verticaria hyperythra beldingi | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| |x| | | |x Cnemidophorus rubidus | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x|x| | |x Cnemidophorus multiscutatus | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | Cnemidophorus labialis | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | Bascanion anthonyi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| Bascanion laterale fuliginosum | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | Pituophis catenifer | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | |x Crotalus exsul | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | Crotalus oregonus | | | | | | | |x| |x| | | | | | | | |x Crotalus mitchellii | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | |x -------------------------------+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- Little can be stated about the faunal relationships of the various islands beyond the fact that all except, probably, the Farallons are clearly Sonoran. Of the island reptiles, only fourteen are not known to live on the mainland. These are Autodax lugubris farallonensis, Batrachoseps pacificus, Uta martinensis, Uta stellata, Uta auriculata, Uta clarionensis, Sceloporus becki, Phrynosoma cerroense, Xantusia riversiana, Cnemidophorus multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus labialis, Bascanion anthonyi, Bascanion laterale fuliginosum, Crotalus exsul. Although the evidence is thus too meager to enable one to speak positively, it would seem that the probable faunal relationship is about as follows: TRANSITION ZONE. _Pacific Fauna:_ Farallon Islands. UPPER AUSTRAL ZONE. _Californian Fauna:_ San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Ana Capa. _San Diegan Fauna:_ San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, San Clemente. Los Coronados, San Martin. Perhaps San Benito, Cerros, Natividad. LOWER AUSTRAL ZONE. Perhaps San Benito, Cerros, Natividad. Magdalena, Santa Margarita. Socorro, Clarion. SOUTH FARALLON ISLAND. No reptiles have been found on the Farallon Islands and it is probable that none occur there. The amphibians are represented on South Farallon Island by a salamander which has been regarded as identical with _Autodax lugubris_ Hallowell. Specimens from this island, however, are much more profusely spotted or blotched with yellow than is the mainland form of this species. In examining series of specimens one finds a few individuals from the mainland as heavily spotted as some of the Farallon specimens, but the average difference seems constant and the extremes are very dissimilar. I therefore propose that the Farallon Island form be called 1. =Autodax lugubris farallonensis= subsp. nov. PLATE II. _Anaides lugubris_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 158 [part]. _Autodax lugubris_ COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, p. 185 [part]; KEELER, Zoe, v. 3, 1892, p. 154. _Diagnosis._--Similar to _Autodax lugubris_ Hallow, but yellow spots more numerous and often larger. _Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 3731, South Farallon Island, Charles Fuchs, February 8, 1899. _Description of Type._--Head elongate, depressed, with truncate, protruding snout; nostril small, a little above and behind the corner of snout, with groove running down to edge of lip, separated from its fellow and from orbit by length of eye-slit; lip margin long and undulating; maxillary and mandibular teeth large; palatine teeth small, in series running back from each inner nostril and forming a V-shaped figure; a large well-defined patch of parasphenoid teeth divided by a slight median groove and posterior notch; tongue large, long, ovate, with a small posterior notch, free except along the median line; neck short, somewhat constricted, a well-developed gular fold; body subfusiform, diminishing toward both extremities; 13 transverse costal grooves between limbs, extending from a short distance from vertebral line entirely across belly; tail conical with similar transverse grooves; limbs well-developed, posterior longer than anterior, toes overlapping when adpressed; digits 4-5, well-developed, nearly free, with slight terminal disc-like expansion; third finger longest, first short, second and fourth nearly equal; first toe short, second and fifth and third and fourth nearly equal; skin everywhere smooth, but dotted with the mouths of small glands. Color above smoky seal-brown, lightest on the snout and limbs, dotted, spotted and blotched with pale straw-yellow on top and sides of head, neck, body, limbs and tail; largest blotches, on sides of neck, 2 by 4 millimetres. Lower surfaces dirty yellowish white. Length to anus 72[1] 38 58 66 67 75 Length of tail 64 33 50 52 56 71 Snout to gular fold 20 11 17 18 19 20 Nostril to orbit 4 2½ 3 4 3½ 4 Fore limb 21 13 18 19 20 22 Hind limb 24 15 20 20 22 24 [Footnote 1: Type.] Sixteen specimens were collected by Mr. Fuchs on South Farallon Island, February 8, 1899, and four by Mr. L. M. Loomis, July 9, 1896. They were found under piles of loose stone. The spots on the type specimen are larger and somewhat more numerous than on any of the others. SAN MIGUEL ISLAND. I know of no records of reptiles or amphibians from San Miguel Island. Two species of lizards and a _Batrachoseps_ were secured on this island by Mr. R. H. Beck while collecting for the California Academy of Sciences. =1. Batrachoseps pacificus= _Cope_. PLATE III. _Hemidactylium pacificum_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1865, p. 195. _Batrachoseps pacificus_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1869, pp. 97, 98; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 153 [part?]; BOULENGER, Cat. Batrach. Grad. 1882, p. 59; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, p. 129 [part?]. _Batrachoseps pacificus_ was described by Professor Cope, in 1865, from a specimen said to have been collected at Santa Barbara, California. Two specimens from San Francisco were afterward referred to this species. All of the specimens I have examined from both these localities are of the common form known as _B. attenuatus_. I was, therefore, inclined to doubt the existence of _B. pacificus_ as a distinct species until I examined eight specimens collected by Dr. Eisen on Santa Rosa Island in 1897. In March, 1903, Mr. R. H. Beck secured on San Miguel a large series of a _Batrachoseps_ which seems to differ in no respect from that found on Santa Rosa Island, but which is very distinct from the species of the mainland. These island salamanders agree in all important points with the original description of _B. pacificus_, but since the published descriptions of this species are not very complete, I sent a specimen from San Miguel Island to my friend Dr. Stejneger with a request that he compare it directly with the type. This he has very kindly done, and his conclusion is as follows: "I have carefully compared it with the type of _Batrachoseps pacificus_ and find them to agree completely. I have no doubt they represent the same species. As for the origin of our specimen I can only say that our record book shows the following entry: '6733. _Batrichoseps pacificus_ (Type) Santa Barbara Cal. Dr. Hayes. 1881 Oct. 28. 1.' This entry is evidently made many years after the numbering of the specimen which took place in 1866, probably at the time tin-tags were substituted for the old labels most of which were destroyed as in this case. The entry is in an unknown boyish hand and is probably made from the destroyed label. The double error, _i_ in _Batrachoseps_ and _e_ in Hays, shows that it was made by an ignoramus. I can find no other record of specimens received from the same source, but in the S. I. reports from 1864-67 I find noted that a Dr. W. W. Hays sent birds and fishes to the museum from 'Southern California'. The Santa Barbara locality is therefore not above suspicion. The other two specimens credited in Cope's Man. Batr. p. 130 to _B. pacificus_, viz. No. 4006 San Francisco, Cal. R. D. Cutts, have not been seen here since I took charge of the collection in 1889. In the record book there is entered in the remark column 'Destroyed (C)' (C) standing for Cope. The specific name _Batrachoseps pacificus_ is in Cope's handwriting, while the locality San Francisco and the name of the collector are in Prof. Baird's hand." In the light of all this it appears that the type of _Batrachoseps pacificus_ may perhaps have been secured on some fishing trip from Santa Barbara to Santa Rosa or San Miguel, and that the specimens from San Francisco most probably were misidentified by Cope. _Batrachoseps pacificus_ is a larger species than _Batrachoseps attenuatus_. Its general appearance, owing to the greater broadness of head and body, is very suggestive of the various species of _Plethodon_. This resemblance is carried further in one specimen by the presence of five digits on one hind foot. Structurally, however, the species is a true _Batrachoseps_; that is to say, the tongue is adherent anteriorly, the digits are normally 4-4, the premaxillary is single, and there is a large parietal fontanelle. _Diagnosis._--Costal grooves usually seventeen (rarely sixteen or eighteen); head much broader than body; color yellowish brown above, white or yellow below. _Description._--General form elongate, slender; body cylindric or somewhat flattened; tail conical, a little longer than head and body; head depressed, rather broad, nearly circular in outline from above; snout rounded or truncate from above, truncate and high in profile; eyes large and rather prominent, separated anteriorly by about the length of the orbital slit; nostrils small, near corners of snout, separated by a little more than their distance from orbits; a very indistinct subnasal groove, not extending to margin of lip; upper jaw overhanging lower; line of lip nearly straight to below eye, then deflected downward; palatine teeth in 2 nearly straight very oblique series which nearly meet on the median line posteriorly and anteriorly do not extend to the internal nares; parasphenoid teeth separated by a narrow space posteriorly but confluent anteriorly, extending nearly to the palatine series; internal nares rather small, in front of the anterior ends of the series of palatine teeth; tongue large, oval, not emarginate, attached along the median line, free laterally and posteriorly; neck not distinct from body, with several vertical and 2 or 3 longitudinal grooves; gular fold well marked, continued forward on side of neck to eye; 1 or 2 indistinct grooves anterior to gular fold; costal grooves between limbs usually 17, occasionally 16 or 18,[2] continued nearly to midline on back and belly; limbs short, weak, each with 4 digits; digits with rounded knob-like ends, inner digit short, rudimental, others well-developed, second and fourth nearly equal, third longest, web small or absent; tail more slender than body, with well-marked lateral grooves; a more or less indistinct dorsal longitudinal groove, most distinct on neck and pelvic region; skin smooth with minute pits; adpressed limbs widely separated. [Footnote 2: In fifty specimens the costal grooves are 17 in forty, 16 in six, and 18 in four.] The color above in alcoholic specimens is yellowish brown (cinnamon to mummy brown) paler on the head and limbs and often becoming fawn-color on the tail. The upper lip and all the lower surfaces are white or dull yellow. Young specimens are much darker than adults, and the lower surfaces often are minutely dotted with brown. Length to anus 25 36 49 52 52 56 Length of tail 20 31 64 56 63 59 Width of head 3½ 5 7 6½ 7 8 Snout to orbit 2 2 3 3 3 3 Snout to gular fold 6 7½ 10 10 10 10½ Snout to fore limb 7 10 13 13 14 14 Between limbs 15 22 31 36 33 38 Fore limb 5 7 9 9 8½ 9 Hind limb 5½ 7½ 9½ 9½ 9½ 10 =2. Sceloporus becki= sp. nov. PLATE IV. The _Sceloporus_ of the mainland at Santa Barbara is the ordinary _S. occidentalis_; that is to say, it is the smaller form with a complete series of scales between the large supraoculars and the median head plates, with from thirty-five to forty-six dorsal scales between the interparietal plate and the back of the thighs, with keeled scales on the back of the thigh, and with two blue patches on the throat. Five specimens from San Miguel Island resemble this species closely in size, but are more nearly like _S. biseriatus_ in coloration, and differ from both in the possession of certain characters most unusual in a member of the _S. undulatus_ group. I take pleasure in naming this island form in honor of Mr. R. H. Beck, who collected the specimens. _Diagnosis._--Frontal and parietal plates separated from enlarged supraoculars by a series of small scales or granules; frontoparietal plate in contact with enlarged supraoculars; scales on back of thigh smaller than those in front of anus; 43-48 dorsals between interparietal and back of thighs; scales on back of thigh keeled; whole throat and chin blue crossed by diagonal black lines which unite posteriorly with a large black patch extending across throat from shoulder to shoulder. _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4537, San Miguel Island, California, R. H. Beck, March 26, 1903. _Description._--Head and body little depressed; nostril opening much nearer to end of snout than to orbit; upper head shields smooth, moderately large and slightly convex, interparietal largest; frontal divided transversely; parietal and frontal plates separated from enlarged supraoculars by a series of small plates or granules; frontoparietal in contact with enlarged supraoculars; superciliaries long and strongly imbricate; middle subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral plate of moderate height but great width; labials long, low and nearly rectangular; symphyseal large and pentangular; some series of enlarged sublabials; gulars smooth, imbricate, often emarginate posteriorly; ear-opening large, slightly oblique, with anterior denticulation of smooth acuminate scales; scales on back equal-sized, keeled, mucronate with slight denticulation, and arranged in nearly parallel longitudinal rows; lateral scales smaller and directed obliquely upward; upper and anterior surfaces of limbs with strongly keeled and mucronate scales; posterior surface of thigh with small, acuminate, keeled scales; ventral scales much smaller than dorsals, smooth, imbricate, and usually bicuspid; tail furnished with slightly irregular whorls of strongly keeled and pointed scales which are much larger and rougher above than below, where they are smooth proximally; femoral pores 14-16; 9-12 dorsal scales equaling length of shielded part of head; number of scales in a row between interparietal plate and a line connecting posterior surfaces of thighs varying from 43-48; males with enlarged postanal plates. The color above is grayish, brownish, or greenish blue, with a series of dark brown blotches on each side of the back. A pale longitudinal band separates the dorsal from the lateral regions. The sides are brownish or grayish, mottled with darker brown and dotted or suffused with green or pale blue. The head is usually crossed by narrow brown lines, more or less irregular in distribution. A brown line connects the orbit and upper corner of the ear, and is continued backward on the neck. There is a large blue patch on each side of the belly, bordered internally with black in highly colored males. The chin and throat are blue, pale anteriorly and changing to black posteriorly, crossed by narrow oblique black lines which converge posteriorly and blend with the black patches on the throat and in front of the shoulders in males. There is a white patch at each side of the anus, and a yellowish white band along the series of femoral pores. Length to anus 64 66 70 70[3] Length of tail 76 68 78 79 Snout to ear 14 13 14 16 Width of head 14 12 14 15 Shielded part of head 14 13 14 15 Fore limb 27 26 27 30 Hind limb 41 39 41 46 Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 16 15 16 18 [Footnote 3: Type.] This species is in general appearance similar to _S. occidentalis_, but differs in the contact of the frontoparietal and supraocular shields, the coloration of the throat, and the somewhat more feeble carination and mucronation of its dorsal and caudal scales. Specimens from Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz islands, as stated below, seem to show that this form has been developed from _S. biseriatus_ stock. Five specimens (Nos. 4534-4538) in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences were secured by Mr. R. H. Beck on San Miguel Island, March 26, 1903. =3. Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. One specimen (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4539) was taken by Mr. Beck on San Miguel Island, March 26, 1903. It has dorsals in 14½ × 49 rows, temporals smooth, scales on arm and forearm smooth, and dark ventral lines along the middles of the scale rows. It seems to differ from the Santa Rosa Island specimens only in the slightly more feeble carination of the scales generally, the small size of the azygous prefrontal and of the scales on the under surface of the forearm, and a tendency toward the formation of fourteen rows of ventral scales shown by the presence of a few small scales along the edge of each lateral fold in addition to the usual twelve longitudinal rows. There are sixty-six ventrals in a row between the chin and the anus. SANTA ROSA ISLAND. I have examined one species of _Batrachoseps_ and two kinds of lizards from this island. The _Gerrhonotus_ has already been reported from the island, the others are new to its known fauna. =1. Batrachoseps pacificus= _Cope_. Dr. Gustav Eisen secured eight specimens of _Batrachoseps_ on Santa Rosa Island in June, 1897. These are now in the collection of the Academy (Nos. 3877-3880 and 3891-3894) and seem to differ in no respect from the form found on San Miguel Island. All have seventeen costal grooves. The measurements of these specimens are Length to anus 21 22 24 32 33 35 41 42 Length of tail 14 16 21 23 23 .. 46 27 Width of head 3 3 3¾ 5 4½ 5 5 6 Snout to orbit 1½ 1¼ 1½ 2 2¼ 2 2¼ 2½ Snout to gular fold 5 5 6 7¼ 7 8 8½ 9½ Snout to fore limb 6 6 8 10 9 10 12 12 Between limbs 13 14 15 21 19 23 26 26 Fore limb 4½ 4 5 6¼ 6 6 7¼ 8 Hind limb 4½ 4 5 6½ 6 6¼ 7½ 8 =2. Sceloporus biseriatus becki= _Van Denburgh_. A series of eight _Scelopori_ collected on Santa Rosa Island by Dr. Gustav Eisen in June, 1897, seems to show that the differentiation from _S. biseriatus_ has not progressed so far on this island as on San Miguel.[4] Thus although all the adult specimens from Santa Rosa Island show the coloration of the San Miguel Island form, only two have the typical arrangement of the supraoculars, while the other six specimens have the frontoparietal separated from the enlarged supraoculars. The less highly colored young males show a single median blue throat patch, as in _S. biseriatus_, indicating that the island lizard is more closely related to that species than to _S. occidentalis_. [Footnote 4: Dr. Merriam tells me that a parallel is found in the island foxes, whose characters are constant on San Miguel but not on the other islands.] The fact that the characters of this form seem to be constant on San Miguel while varying toward _S. biseriatus_ on Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz islands raises an interesting question in nomenclature: Should the San Miguel Island form be regarded as a species or as a subspecies? If these lizards inhabited a peninsula one would use a trinomial for them all, but since they are found on well separated islands the facts seem to be best expressed by the nomenclature adopted above. 3. =Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. PLATE VII, FIGS. 3-4. _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 106. I am unable to distinguish six specimens (Cal. Acad. Sci. Nos. 3881-3883 and 3896-3898) collected on Santa Rosa Island from the species now known as _G. scincicauda_; that is to say, the form with fourteen longitudinal rows of scales, single interoccipital plate, large azygous prefrontal, longitudinal lines along the middle of each row of ventral scales, and smooth temporals. This clearly is the form to which Baird and Girard applied the name _G. scincicauda_, but that it is the species originally described by Skilton seems far from certain.[5] [Footnote 5: Skilton's description, which seems to apply rather to the species afterward named by Baird and Girard _Gerrhonotus principis_, is as follows: "=Tropidolepis scincicauda=, n. s. Slender, tail much longer than body, cylindrical. Dermal plates of the body and tail, carinate above, smooth beneath, verticillate. The carinate plates in nine rows. Color, dusky green above, light ash color below. A row of small dark spots on each flank. Another row of smaller ones along the vertebral line. Some of the dark colored scales on the flanks tipped with a whitish color. Length five to five and a half inches." The plate accompanying Skilton's article is so poor as to throw no light on this question, and it seems best to make no change in the nomenclature until some one has examined Skilton's specimens, one of which, according to Yarrow's Catalogue, is No. 3089 of the National Museum collection.] The specimens from Santa Rosa Island all have dorsals in fourteen longitudinal series. The number of transverse series between the interoccipital plate and the backs of the thighs is fifty in one specimen, fifty-one in three, fifty-two in one, and fifty-three in one. One has the brachial scales very weakly keeled. They were collected by Dr. Gustav Eisen in June, 1897. SANTA CRUZ ISLAND. A _Hyla_ and two species of lizards have heretofore been recorded as inhabiting Santa Cruz Island. Another lizard is here reported for the first time. =1. Hyla regilla= _Baird & Girard_. _Hyla regilla_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 171; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, p. 360. Yarrow and Cope record this species as having been collected on Santa Cruz Island by Mr. H. W. Henshaw in June, 1875, but another portion of the same lot of specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8686) is stated to be from Santa Cruz, California. Mr. Henshaw tells me he never has collected in Santa Cruz County, and that these specimens unquestionably came from Santa Cruz Island where he collected in the summer of 1875. =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. _Uta stansburiana_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 56; TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. 144; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 68; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 310. The register of the United States National Museum states that two specimens of this lizard (No. 8619) were collected by Dr. O. Loew, on Santa Cruz Island in June, 1875. These lizards are still in the National collection and are of considerable interest since they, and two from Ana Capa Island, are the only ones I have seen which approach the San Benito Island _Uta_ (described below) in the character of their dorsal lepidosis. That these specimens actually were collected by Dr. Loew on Santa Cruz Island is, I think, open to little doubt, since he, with Mr. H. W. Henshaw and Dr. J. T. Rothrock, visited this island in June, 1875.[6] [Footnote 6: See Report, Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. 1876, pt. 3, pp. 435, 445, etc.] A series of eight specimens collected on Santa Cruz Island, February 7, 1889, by Mr. C. H. Townsend of the U. S. Fish Commission, (U. S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 15909-15917) are all of the ordinary _Uta stansburiana_ type with imbricate dorsals and mucronate caudals. Four others, taken by Mr. Joseph Grinnell at Friar's Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, are also of the usual type. These have femoral pores 13-14, 15-15, 12-13, and 15-15. =3. Sceloporus biseriatus becki= _Van Denburgh_. Mr. Joseph Grinnell has kindly sent me five specimens of the _Sceloporus_ of Santa Cruz Island, three of which he has given to the Academy. All five show the characteristic coloration of _S. becki_. Three have the supraoculars in contact with the frontoparietals on both sides of the head, one has these scales in contact on one side but separated on the other, and the fifth specimen has granules intervening on both sides. =4. Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. _Gerrhonotus scincicaudus_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 48; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 106. _Gerrhonotus multicarinatus_ COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 525. Yarrow and Cope record two specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8626) collected on Santa Cruz Island by Mr. H. W. Henshaw in June, 1875. One of these is still in the National Museum, where I examined it some years ago. ANA CAPA ISLAND. I believe no reptiles have been recorded from Ana Capa. Only the following species has come into my hands. =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me seven specimens collected on Ana Capa Island, September 4, 1903. Five of these are typical _U. stansburiana_, but the other two have dorsals similar to those of the two specimens collected by Dr. Loew on Santa Cruz Island; that is to say, they approach in this respect the _Uta_ of San Benito Island. The dorsal scales, however, are well keeled and the caudals are of the normal type. The femoral pores in the Ana Capa specimens are 14-14, 14-15, 14-?, 14-15, 14-14, 14-15, and 14-15. SAN NICOLAS ISLAND. San Nicolas Island is the type locality of _Xantusia riversiana_. No other reptile has been found there. =1. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. PLATE V, FIG. 2. _Xantusia riversiana_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, p. 29; RIVERS, Am. Nat. v. 23, 1889, p. 1100; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 552. In describing this species Cope failed to state where his specimens were collected. Rivers later assigned them to San Nicolas Island, but the matter has remained open to question. I am, therefore, very glad to be able to record the fact that Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me three specimens of this _Xantusia_ taken by himself on San Nicolas Island, May 22-23, 1897. One of these specimens is uniform drab, with a few dark spots. The others are of the handsome striped style of coloration (see plate). SANTA BARBARA ISLAND. I believe no reptiles or amphibians have been recorded from this island. I have seen only the following species: =1. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me four Xantusias from Santa Barbara Island. They are smaller than the specimens I have seen from the other islands, but seem to differ in no other respect. The largest is 64 mm. from snout to vent. All are dark drab above with small, discrete black spots. One shows traces of longitudinal dorsal bands near the tail. SANTA CATALINA ISLAND. One salamander, two lizards, and a rattlesnake have been taken on Santa Catalina. =1. Batrachoseps attenuatus= (_Eschscholtz_). A single specimen collected at Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, by Mr. A. M. Drake (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 3726) seems indistinguishable from the mainland species. It has nineteen costal grooves, slender limbs, and narrow head. The coloration is uniform slaty brown above, paler below. Three specimens secured on this island by Mr. Fuchs differ from this one only in the slightly paler coloration. =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. _Uta stansburiana_ COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 311. This lizard has been recorded from Santa Catalina by Professor Cope. Two specimens collected at Avalon by Mr. J. I. Carlson are in the collection of the Academy (Nos. 4754 and 4755). They seem to be fairly typical _U. stansburiana_ with moderately imbricate dorsals. The femoral pores are thirteen or fourteen. =3. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. _Xantusia riversiana_ RIVERS, Am. Nat. v. 23, 1889, p. 1100; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132. I have seen no specimens of this lizard from Santa Catalina, but Mr. J. J. Rivers states that he has received several from this island. =4. Crotalus oregonus= _Holbrook_. _Crotalus lucifer_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 76; STEJNEGER, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893 (1895), p. 447. Yarrow records a rattlesnake as having been taken by Mr. P. Schumacher on Santa Catalina Island in 1876. Stejneger also refers to its presence there. I have seen no snakes from any of the Californian islands. SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND. Two species of lizards are known from this island. =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. _Uta stansburiana_ TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. 144; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 68; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), pp. 310, 311. Two specimens were taken on San Clemente Island by C. H. Townsend in 1889. Mr. A. W. Anthony and Dr. E. A. Mearns also found the species there and sent specimens to the National Museum. I have examined those collected by Mr. Townsend and Mr. Anthony and six specimens sent me by Mr. Joseph Grinnell, of which three are now in the collection of the Academy, and am unable to distinguish the island lizards from the form originally described by Baird and Girard. The femoral pores in three specimens are eleven, twelve, and fourteen. =2. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. PLATE V, FIG. 1. _Xantusia riversiana_ COPE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 12, 1889, p. 147; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), pp. 552, 553. This lizard was found on San Clemente by Mr. C. H. Townsend. I have examined several specimens in the collections of the University of California and the California Academy of Sciences without finding differences between them and specimens from San Nicolas and Santa Barbara Islands. LOS CORONADOS. I believe that only one reptile from Los Coronados is represented in collections, but I am informed that several other kinds, including _Gerrhonotus_ and _Hypsiglena_, occur on these islands[7]. [Footnote 7: Since this was written I have been informed by Dr. F. Baker, of San Diego, that he has taken the following reptiles on these islands:-- North Coronado: _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ [_ignavus?_], July 3, 1898, _Eumeces skiltonianus_, July 3, 1898. South Coronado: _Uta stansburiana_, July 3, 1898, _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ [_ignavus?_], July 3, 1898, _Cnemidophorus stejnegeri_, July 3, 1898, _Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus_, August 13, 1898, _Crotalus_ [_oregonus_], August 13, 1898. ] =1. Crotalus oregonus= _Holbrook_. _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 40; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 75 [part]. _Crotalus atrox_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 156 [part]. _Crotalus lucifer_ STEJNEGER, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893 (1895), pp. 445, 447. _Crotalus confluentus confluentus_ COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1173 [part]. Streets recorded as _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_ a rattlesnake which he secured on Los Coronados. Dr. Stejneger has shown that this specimen, which is still in the National Museum, is a Pacific Rattlesnake. SAN MARTIN ISLAND. The only reptile heretofore known from San Martin is a gopher snake found by Dr. Streets. The Academy has also specimens of two species of lizards from the island, both of which are here described as new. The _Uta_ probably is confined to the island, while the _Gerrhonotus_ seems to be found throughout the San Diegan Fauna. =1. Uta martinensis= sp. nov. PLATE VI. _Diagnosis._--Similar to _U. stansburiana_ but larger; fifth toe reaching to or beyond end of second; dorsals imbricate, mucronate, strongly keeled; scales on upper surfaces of arm and thigh keeled; scales of ear-denticulation longer than the longest diameter of largest temporal; caudals large, imbricate, strongly keeled and mucronate. _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4698, San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. _Description of the Type._--Body and head considerably depressed; snout low, rounded; nostrils large, opening upward and outward nearer to end of snout than to orbit; head plates large, smooth, nearly flat, interparietal largest; frontal divided transversely; 3 or 4 enlarged supraoculars, separated from the frontals and frontoparietals by 1 series of small plates; superciliaries long, narrow and projecting; central subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral and supralabials long and low; 6 supralabials; symphyseal small, followed on each side by a series of 5 or more large plates which are separated from the infralabials by 1 or 2 series of sublabials; gular region covered with smooth, hexagonal or rounded scales changing to granules on the sides of the neck and to larger imbricate scales on the strong gular fold, largest on the denticulate edge of gular fold where larger than scales on belly; a group of enlarged plates in front of ear-opening; ear denticulation very long, of 3 scales, largest exceeding in length longest diameter of largest plate in front of ear; back covered centrally with nearly uniform imbricate, keeled scales which change gradually to granules on neck and sides of body, and become mucronate posteriorly; scales largest on tail, strongly imbricate, strongly keeled and mucronate above and on sides; posterior surfaces of thighs and arms covered with small granular scales similar to those on sides of body; other surfaces of limbs provided with imbricate scales, keeled on upper surfaces of arm, forearm, thigh, leg, and foot; adpressed fore limb not reaching insertion of thigh; fifth finger reaching about to end of second; fifth toe reaching to or beyond end of second; femoral pores 15; 17-23 of largest dorsals equaling shielded part of head. Head above grayish olive; central portion of neck and back dark brown, with 2 series of rather indefinite darker brown blotches each bordered behind and sometimes laterally by pale blue scales; some scattered pale blue dots on back and upper surfaces of limbs and tail; tail marbled with brown and blue; sides mottled with brown and pale bluish yellow, forming stripes on sides of neck; chin and gular region indigo, mottled with bluish yellow at sides; postaxillary blotch blackish indigo; lower surfaces of body, limbs and tail grayish indigo. Length to anus 62 Length of tail 92 Snout to ear 15 Shielded part of head 14 Width of head 13 Fore limb 26 Hind limb 46 Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 18 Fifth toe 10 Only one specimen of this _Uta_ was secured. =2. Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus= subsp. nov. PLATE VII, FIGS. 1-2. _Diagnosis._--Similar to _G. scincicauda_ but with scales generally more strongly carinate; temporal scales keeled; dorsal and caudal scales strongly keeled; scales of arm and forearm keeled; lower lateral caudals keeled; dorsals in 14 (sometimes 12-2/2) longitudinal rows; dark lines along the middles of ventral rows; azygous prefrontal large; interoccipital single; back usually with complete dark cross-bands. _Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. _Description._--Body long and rather slender, with short limbs and very long tail; head pointed with flat top and nearly vertical sides, its temporal regions often greatly swollen in old specimens; rostral plate rounded in upper outline; on top of head behind rostral a pair of small internasals, a pair of small frontonasals, a very large azygous prefrontal, a pair of large prefrontals, a long frontal, a pair of frontoparietals, 2 parietals separated by an interparietal, a pair of occipitals, and an interoccipital; 2 series (of 5 and 3) supraoculars and a series of small superciliaries; temporal scales keeled, lower sometimes only weakly; upper labials much larger than lower; 2 series of large sublabial plates below infralabials, lower larger; gular scales smooth and imbricate; scales on arm and forearm keeled; scales on upper surfaces and sides of neck, body and tail large, rhomboidal, slightly oblique, strongly keeled, strengthened with bony plates, and arranged in both transverse and longitudinal series; number of longitudinal dorsal series 12-2/2-14; number of transverse series between interoccipital plate and backs of thighs 42-43; a band of granules along each side from large ear-opening to anus, usually hidden by a strong fold; ventral plates about size of dorsals, smooth, imbricate and arranged in 12 longitudinal series; number of scales between symphyseal plate and anus 60-63. The ground color above is olive-brown, more grayish on the sides, crossed by from 9-11 dark bands. These dark bands may be brown or brownish black, continuous or broken, and are darker laterally, where their scales are tipped with white. Tail proximally marked like back, distally unicolor. Head and limbs unicolor or with traces of olive-brown mottlings. Lower surfaces suffused with gray, edges of scales lighter, darker gray or slate-colored lines along the middle of each longitudinal scale row. Length to anus 103 110 117[8] Length of tail 167 128[2] 125[9] Snout to ear 21 25 26 Width of head 14 19 20 Head to interoccipital 17 20 21 Fore limb 27 30 33 Hind limb 34 38 41 Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 11 12 13 [Footnote 8: Type.] [Footnote 9: Reproduced.] The three specimens of _Gerrhonotus_ from San Martin Island are very similar to the species now known as _G. scincicauda_, but are much rougher than specimens from central and northern California. Reëxamination of the Californian material at hand shows that the San Martin Island form is found throughout the San Diegan Fauna and the western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada below the range of _G. palmeri_. It may be distinguished from its more northern relative by the following synopsis of characters:-- a.--Temporals smooth; scales on arm smooth; scales on forearm smooth or weakly keeled; lateral caudals five scales behind anus smooth 6-9 rows from inferior mid-caudal line. =G. scincicauda.= a.^{2}--Temporals keeled; scales on arm keeled; scales on forearm keeled; lateral caudals 5 scales behind anus smooth only 4-5 rows from inferior mid-caudal line. =G. s. ignavus.= =3. Pituophis catenifer= (_Blainville_). _Pituophis sayi bellona_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 40; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 106; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 876. _Pituophis catenifer deserticola_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, P. 149. A young gopher snake taken on San Martin Island by Dr. Streets is still in the National Museum. The Academy has an adult specimen (No. 4702) collected there by Mr. Beck, May 3, 1903. SAN BENITO ISLAND. I know of no records of reptiles from San Benito. The Academy has received specimens of but one kind of lizard, which is here described as new. =1. Uta stellata= sp. nov. PLATE VIII. _Diagnosis._--Similar to _U. stansburiana_, but with dorsal scales not imbricate, not mucronate, often separated by minute granules, a few of the dorsal rows weakly keeled; caudals weakly keeled and very shortly mucronate, not imbricate; fifth toe not reaching end of second. _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4704, San Benito Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 6, 1903. _Description._--Body and head considerably depressed; snout low, rounded and rather long; nostrils large, opening upward and outward nearer to end of snout than to orbit; head plates large, smooth, nearly flat, interparietal largest; frontal divided transversely; 4 or 5 enlarged supraoculars, separated from the frontals by 1 and from the frontoparietals by 2 series of granules; superciliaries long, narrow and projecting; central subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral and supralabials long and low; 6 or 7 supralabials; symphyseal moderately small, followed by 2 or 3 pairs of larger plates separated from the infralabials by 1 or 2 series of moderately enlarged sublabials; gular region covered with small, smooth, hexagonal or rounded scales which change gradually to granules on sides of neck and to larger imbricate scales on the strong gular fold, largest on denticulate edge of gular fold where somewhat larger than ventrals; several enlarged plates in front of ear-opening; ear denticulation short, of 3 scales, the largest not exceeding in length diameter of largest plate in front of ear; back covered with tubercular scales of nearly uniform size becoming granular toward neck and sides of body, scales of central rows very weakly keeled, not imbricate, not mucronate, often separated by minute granules; scales largest on tail, very weakly keeled, shortly mucronate above and on sides, not imbricate; posterior surfaces of thighs and arms covered with small granular scales similar to those on sides of body; other surfaces of limbs provided with imbricate scales, smooth on arm and nearly smooth on forearm and thigh, keeled on upper surface of leg; femoral pores 15 and 16; 26-30 largest dorsals equal shielded part of head; fifth finger not reaching end of second; fifth toe not reaching end of second; adpressed fore limb not reaching insertion of thigh. Head above uniform olive-brown; central portion of the neck, back and base of tail with a uniform brown ground with thickly scattered dots of pale blue on single scales; sides yellowish brown with scattered scales of pale yellow; upper surfaces of limbs and tail light brown dotted with pale blue; chin and gular region deep indigo with yellowish marks laterally and on labials; lower surfaces of body and limbs grayish indigo; large postaxillary blotch of blackish indigo. _Female._--Similar in all respects except femoral pores 13 and 15; light dots on back, limbs and tail indistinct; 2 rows of dark brown dorsal blotches becoming 1 row on tail; an indistinct series of brown lateral blotches; limbs with faint brown cross-bars. Sex ♀ ♂ (type) Length to anus 49 61 Length of tail 59 76 Snout to ear 11 14 Shielded part of head 11 13 Width of head 10 12 Fore limb 22 26 Hind limb 37 43 Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 15 18 Two specimens of this lizard were secured. CERROS ISLAND. One amphibian and seven reptiles have been recorded from Cerros or Cedros Island. I have no specimens from this island. =1. Hyla regilla= _Baird & Girard_. _Hyla regilla_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 35; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 171; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, p. 360; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 556. _Hyla curla_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99. Found by Dr. Streets near a spring of fresh water on the southeastern side of the island. It was also taken by Mr. Belding. =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. _Uta stansburiana_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 37; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 57; BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 98; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 105; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 310. This _Uta_ was collected by Dr. Streets and Mr. Belding. =3. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_. _Sceloporus clarki clarki_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99. _Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 498; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. sér. 4, v. 1, 1899, p. 314. This lizard has been taken only by Mr. Belding. =4. Phrynosoma cerroense= _Stejneger_. _Phrynosoma hernandezi_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, 1887, p. 99. _Phrynosoma cerroense_ STEJNEGER, N. Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, p. 187; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 119; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 428, fig. 75. This form is known from a single specimen collected by Mr. Belding. =5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi= (_Stejneger_). _Verticaria beldingi_ STEJNEGER Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1894, p. 17. _Verticaria hyperythra beldingi_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 131. Cerros Island is the type locality of this form. =6. Cnemidophorus multiscutatus= (_Cope_). _Cnemidophorus tessellatus multiscutatus_ COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17, art. 3, 1892, p. 38; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 586. _Cnemidophorus multiscutatus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 126. Professor Cope described this form from specimens secured on Cerros Island. =7. Cnemidophorus labialis= _Stejneger_. _Cnemidophorus labialis_ STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, p. 643; COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17, art. 3, 1892, p. 51; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 128; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 610. Cerros Island is the type locality of this species also. Five specimens were collected by Mr. Belding. =8. Crotalus exsul= _Garman_. _Crotalus exsul_ GARMAN, Mem. Mus. Compar. Zool. Camb. v. 8, no. 3, 1883, pp. 114, 174; GARMAN, Bull. Essex Inst. v. 16, no. 1, 1884, p. 35; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 157. Under this name Garman has described from two specimens a small rattlesnake from Cerros Island. It seems very closely related to _C. atrox_. NATIVIDAD ISLAND. I have seen only one lizard from this island. =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. A single specimen (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4705) of this _Uta_ was secured on Natividad by Mr. R. H. Beck, May 9, 1903. MAGDALENA ISLAND. I have elsewhere recorded six species of lizards from this island. It is necessary only to mention them here. The specimens are in the collection of the Academy. =1. Dipsosaurus dorsalis= _Baird & Girard_. _Dipsosaurus dorsalis_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 93. One was secured by Mr. Bryant in March, 1889. =2. Crotaphytus wislizenii= _Baird & Girard_. _Crotaphytus copeii?_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 95. Upon reëxamination, I am unable to separate two specimens from Magdalena Island from the common form of this lizard. =3. Uta nigricauda= _Cope_. _Uta nigricauda_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 108. Mr. Bryant secured a number of these lizards on Magdalena Island in 1888 and 1889. =4. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_. _Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 499; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. sér. 4, 1899, P. 314; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 358. The Academy has eight examples of this lizard taken on Magdalena by Mr. Bryant in February and March, 1889. =5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi= (_Stejneger_). _Verticaria hyperythra beldingi_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 132. Three specimens were collected by Mr. Bryant in March, 1889. =6. Cnemidophorus rubidus= (_Cope_). _Cnemidophorus rubidus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 127. A lizard of this species was taken on Magdalena Island in March, 1889, by Mr. W. E. Bryant. SANTA MARGARITA ISLAND. Five reptiles are known from this island. I have not seen specimens of the _Bascanion_ and cannot judge of its distinctness. =1. Callisaurus ventralis= (_Hallowell_). _Callisaurus ventralis_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 98. A female of this species, taken on Santa Margarita by Mr. Bryant, March 5, 1889, is in the collection of the Academy. =2. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_. _Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 499; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. sér. 4, 1899, p. 314; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 358. Two examples were secured by Mr. Bryant on Santa Margarita, March 1, 1889. =3. Cnemidophorus rubidus= _Cope_. _Cnemidophorus tessellatus rubidus_ COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 1892, p. 36, pl. XII, fig. F; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 584, fig. 110. _Cnemidophorus rubidus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 127. Santa Margarita Island is the type locality of this species, which was described from seven specimens brought back by the _Albatross_. =4. Bascanion laterale fuliginosum= (_Cope_). _Bascanion laterale_ COPE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 12, 1889, p. 147. _Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus_ COPE, Am. Nat. v. 29, 1895, p. 679; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 809, fig. 178. This snake was described from two specimens taken by the naturalists of the _Albatross_. I have seen none. =5. Crotalus mitchellii= _Cope_. _Crotalus mitchellii_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 160; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1196. A single rattlesnake of this species, taken by Mr. W. E. Bryant in February, 1889, is the only record for this island. SOCORRO ISLAND. The following lizard is the only reptile known from this island. =1. Uta auriculata= _Cope_. _Uta auriculata_ COPE, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. 14, 1871, p. 303; BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. v. 2, 1885, p. 214; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 35; TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. 143; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 300. This _Uta_ was first described by Cope in 1871 from material collected by Grayson. Townsend secured nine specimens which are now in the National Museum. The California Academy of Sciences has seventeen, taken by its expedition to the Revilla Gigedo Islands in 1903. CLARION ISLAND. Although smaller than Socorro and farther from the mainland, Clarion Island is better supplied with reptiles than its larger neighbor, since it possesses a snake as well as a _Uta_, while Socorro has only a _Uta_. =1. Uta clarionensis= _Townsend_. _Uta clarionensis_ TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. 143; STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 23, 1901, p. 715. This lizard was first collected by Mr. C. H. Townsend who described it from five specimens. Mr. A. W. Anthony also secured it, in 1897, and sent specimens to the National Museum. The Academy has three taken by Mr. Beck. =2. Bascanion anthonyi= _Stejneger_. _Bascanion anthonyi_ STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 23, 1901, p. 715. Dr. Stejneger described this snake from thirteen specimens sent to the National Museum by Mr. Anthony. The Academy has eight examples of the species. The scale-rows are seventeen in all these specimens, while the gastrosteges vary from one hundred and eighty-seven to one hundred and ninety-six and the urosteges from ninety-three to one hundred and seven. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. _Autodax lugubris farallonensis_ subsp. nov. _Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3731, South Farallon Island, California, Charles Fuchs, February 8, 1899. Fig. 1. General view, natural size. Fig. 2. Head from above, × 2. Fig. 3. Head from below, × 2. Fig. 4. Head from side, × 2. Fig. 5. Mouth, × 2½ Fig. 6. Hind limb, × 2. Fig. 7. Fore limb, × 2. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^D. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE II. MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. ] EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. _Batrachoseps pacificus_ Cope. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4601, San Miguel Island, California, R. H. Beck, March 23, 1903. Fig. 1. General view, natural size. Fig. 2. Head and neck from above, × 3. Fig. 3. Head and neck from below, × 3. Fig. 4. Head and neck from side, × 3. Fig. 5. Mouth, × 3½. Fig. 6. Fore limb, × 3½. Fig. 7. Hind limb, × 3½. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE III. MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. ] EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. _Sceloporus becki_ sp. nov. _Type_, Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4537, San Miguel Island, California, R. H. Beck, March 26, 1903. Fig. 1. General view, natural size. Fig. 2. Head from below, × 2½. Fig. 3. Head from above, × 2½. Fig. 4. Head from side, × 2½. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE IV. MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. E. F. ] EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. _Xantusia riversiana_ Cope. Fig. 1. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3571, San Clemente Island, California. General view, × ⅔. Fig. 2. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 6613, San Nicolas Island, California, Joseph Grinnell, May 22, 1897. Natural size. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE V. PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. ] EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. _Uta martinensis_ sp. nov. _Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4698, San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. Fig. 1. General view, natural size. Fig. 2. Head from above, × 2½. Fig. 3. Head from side, × 2½. Fig. 4. Scales of back, × 3. Fig. 5. Hind limb, × 1¾. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE VI. MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. ] EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. _Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus_ subsp. nov. _Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. Fig. 1. Head from side, natural size. Fig. 2. Base of tail from side, natural size. _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ (_Skilton_). Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3897, Santa Rosa Island, California, Gustav Eisen, June 1897. Fig. 3. Head from side, natural size. Fig. 4. Base of tail from side, natural size. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE VII. MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. ] EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. _Uta stellata_ sp. nov. _Type_, Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4704, San Benito Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 6, 1903. Fig. 1. General view, natural size. Fig. 2. Head from side, × 3. Fig. 3. Head from above, × 3. Fig. 4. Scales of back, × 3. Fig. 5. Scales of central part of back, much enlarged. Fig. 6. Hind limb, × 1¾. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE VIII. MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. ] PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES THIRD SERIES ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 2 _Issued December 2, 1905_ THE SPECIES OF THE REPTILIAN GENUS ANNIELLA, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANNIELLA TEXANA AND TO VARIATION IN ANNIELLA NIGRA BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ The genus _Anniella_ was established by J. E. Gray[10], in 1852, to contain a single species which he named _Anniella pulchra_ and described in the following terms: "Silvery (in spirits); upper part with very narrow brown zigzag lines placed on the margin of the series of scales, the line down the center of the back and two or three on the upper part of the sides being thicker and nearly half the width of the scales. _Hab._ California, _J. O. Goodridge, Esq., Surgeon R. N._" This species has since been more completely described by Bocourt,[11] Boulenger,[12] Cope,[13] and Van Denburgh.[14] [Footnote 10: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. v. 10, 1852, p. 440.] [Footnote 11: Miss. Sci. au Mex. Recherches zool. 3d pt. p. 460.] [Footnote 12: Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. v. 2, 1885, p. 299.] [Footnote 13: Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 674.] [Footnote 14: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 116.] In 1885 Fischer[15] described under the name _Anniella nigra_ a specimen said to have been collected at San Diego, California. This, he stated, differed from _Anniella pulchra_ in the following characters: 1. Twenty-eight longitudinal rows of scales. 2. The three median preanal scales twice as long as those preceding. 3. Tail one-third total length. 4. Color above black. [Footnote 15: Abh. Nat. Verein Hamburg, v. 9, Hft. 1, 1885, p. 9.] I have elsewhere[16] stated that the number of scale rows in _Anniella pulchra_ varies from twenty-four to thirty-four. The preanal scales in both the dark and light forms may be small, moderately enlarged, or twice the length of those preceding. The tail of _A. pulchra_ may equal or exceed one-third of the total length of the animal. I have been unable to discover any differences in the squamation of dark and light specimens; and since the recognition of _A. nigra_ as distinct from _A. pulchra_ must rest solely upon the difference in pigmentation, one is tempted to inquire whether this is not merely an instance of melanism. Upon this subject I shall have more to say, but I wish first to consider certain peculiarities of squamation which have been held to distinguish another species. [Footnote 16: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, pp. 116, 118.] _Anniella texana_ was described by Mr. Boulenger,[17] in 1887, from a single specimen labeled El Paso, Texas--a locality so far beyond the limits of the known range of the genus and of other Californian reptiles that it must be regarded with much suspicion until confirmed by the capture of additional specimens. The type of _A. texana_ agrees in coloration with _Anniella pulchra_, but Mr. Boulenger finds it to differ in certain details of squamation. He assigns to it the following characters: 1. Head less depressed, snout more rounded than in _A. pulchra_. 2. A horizontal suture from nostril to second labial. 3. Frontal twice as broad as long. 4. Anterior supraocular nearly as broad as its distance from its fellow. 5. Interparietal and occipital divided (anomalously?) by a longitudinal suture. 6. Six upper labials, etc. 7. A narrow shield separates the third labial from the loreal. 8. Five lower labials. 9. Twenty-eight scales around middle of body. 10. No enlarged preanal scales. 11. Tail ending obtusely, three-eighths total length. 12. Dark gray above, with three fine black longitudinal lines; sides and lower surfaces whitish. [Footnote 17: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5th ser. v. 20, 1887, p. 50.] I will now consider these characters in connection with variations found in a series of specimens of _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. 1. The shape of the head and snout is subject to some variation in both _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. Unless the difference in shape in the type of _A. texana_ is very great, one is safe in ignoring it as a basis of specific distinction. 2. One of my specimens of _A. nigra_ (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 6255) shows a horizontal suture extending from the nostril to the second labial. Another (No. 6244) has such a suture between the nostril and the rostral plate. 3. There is considerable variation in the shape and size of the frontal plate in both _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. It not infrequently is twice as broad as long (No. 6236, etc.), but may be nearly as long as broad. Sometimes it nearly touches the rostral (No. 5103). 4. The anterior supraocular is nearly as broad as the distance which separates it from its fellow in some specimens of _A. pulchra_ (No. 5110) and _A. nigra_ (Nos. 6233, 6243, 6249, etc.). In some specimens it has scarcely more than half this breadth. 5. I regard the plates which Mr. Boulenger calls interparietal and occipital as frontoparietal and interparietal, respectively. The former plate is not completely divided in any of my specimens. One example of _A. pulchra_ (No. 5110), however, has it longitudinally divided throughout the posterior third of its length. The interparietal (occipital of Mr. Boulenger) is completely divided longitudinally in one example of _A. nigra_ (No. 6228) and divided through one-fifth its length in another (No. 6218). 6. This is the normal arrangement, but is subject to variation. 7. This shield may be absent. 8. The number of lower labials ranges from five to seven. 9. The number of scales around the middle of the body varies in _A. pulchra_ from twenty-four to thirty-four, while in 54 specimens of _A. nigra_ the number is twenty-eight in 12, thirty in 36, and thirty-two in 6. 10. The preanal scales, as already stated, may be not enlarged, moderately enlarged, or twice as long as those preceding them. This is true in both _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. 11. The length of the tail is subject to so much variation that it cannot be regarded as furnishing a good specific character. The longest ones I have seen are one-third the total length in _A. nigra_ and two-fifths in _A. pulchra_. 12. This is the coloration of some specimens of _A. pulchra_. It will be seen that, with one exception, all of the characters of _Anniella texana_ have been found in specimens of _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_ either as the normal condition or as individual variations. The single exception is the complete division of the frontoparietal plate--a condition which is manifestly anomalous, since this plate has been found partially divided in other specimens. It is evident therefore that _Anniella texana_ must stand as a synonym of _A. pulchra_ Gray. _Anniella texana_ being thus disposed of, one is tempted to treat _A. nigra_ in the same way, regarding it as based merely upon melanistic individuals of _A. pulchra_. This view we certainly should have to adopt if both dark and light colored specimens occurred in the same localities, but I believe this has not yet been shown to be the case. Fischer, to be sure, states that the type of _A. nigra_ came from San Diego, where _A. pulchra_ is especially abundant, but it is quite possible that his specimen did not really originate there. All of the dark specimens I have seen, have been secured on the coast of Monterey County; and, aside from Fischer's, I know of no records of the black _Anniella_ from any other locality, except Cope's[18] reference to specimens from San Francisco. Aside from the type locality, then, it would seem that the dark form has a very limited range, being confined to the southern part of the Pacific Fauna of the Transition Zone. [Footnote 18: Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 675.] In a large series of alcoholic specimens from the coast of Monterey County, I find very few showing a style of coloration similar to that of _A. pulchra_. A specimen from San Ardo, in the interior of this county, is typical of _A. pulchra_, but San Ardo is in the Upper Austral Zone. Not more than four or five of the fifty-four specimens from the coast zone could be in the least confusing, and all of these are more deeply pigmented above than is any example of _A. pulchra_ before me. Forty-eight of these specimens were sent me alive, and in that condition exhibited a greater range of coloration than they show since preservation in alcohol, which seems to have intensified their dark pigmentation while dissolving the beautiful yellow of their lower surfaces. When the living lizards were received from Carmel and Point Pinos, they were divided into ten groups according to the intensity of the dorsal pigmentation, and measurements were taken of each specimen in each group. These grades of pigmentation of the living specimens, with measurements in millimeters from snout to anus and anus to tip of tail, are as follows: 1. Entire upper surface (ten, twelve, or fourteen rows of scales) and ventral surface of tip of tail very dark Indian purple. Chin and throat lighter Indian purple. More or less suffusion with Indian purple about anus. Rest of lower surfaces and sides bright gamboge yellow with chromium green staining near center of belly. Mouth flesh-color. Labials and temporals minutely dotted with iridescent greenish, silvery, or bronze. Eye black with bronze or silvery markings. 153 15 Lateral line present No dorsal line 150 73 Lateral line Trace dorsal line 150 70 Lateral line Trace dorsal line 150 38 Lateral line No dorsal line 147 40 No lateral line No dorsal line 146 75 No lateral line No dorsal line 146 25 Lateral line No dorsal line 145 70 Trace lateral line No dorsal line 143 17 Trace lateral line No dorsal line 140 68 Lateral line No dorsal line 140 50 Lateral line No dorsal line 138 32 Faint trace lateral lines No dorsal line 137 68 Lateral line Trace dorsal line 137 47 Lateral line Trace dorsal line 136 45 Lateral line No dorsal line 135 65 Lateral line No dorsal line 135 53 Trace lateral line No dorsal line 134 65 Lateral line No dorsal line 133 60 Lateral line No dorsal line 132 63 Lateral line Trace dorsal line 131 50 Lateral line No dorsal line 131 16 Lateral line No dorsal line 130 34 Lateral line No dorsal line 2. Dark hair-brown above; bright gamboge below; chin Indian purple. 146 70 Lateral line No dorsal line 131 20 Two lateral lines Trace dorsal line 3. Dark purplish drab above; wax-yellow with Paris or chromium green below; chin and throat lighter Indian purple. 140 40 Two lateral lines Trace dorsal line 134 20 Lateral line Faint trace dorsal line 123 25 Lateral line No dorsal line 120 60 Lateral line Fair dorsal line 4. Hair-brown above; gamboge below; chin Indian purple. 130 65 Two lateral lines Dorsal line 120 52 Lateral line Faint dorsal line 5. Dark drab above; waxy gamboge below. 126 65 Two lateral lines Distinct dorsal line 126 60 Lateral line Indistinct dorsal line 125 20 Two lateral lines Faint dorsal line 125 60 Two lateral lines Indistinct dorsal line 6a. Bronzed drab above; light wax-color below; chin light Indian purple. 125 63 Two lateral lines Faint dorsal line 6b. Drab above; light wax-color below; chin light Indian purple. 117 55 Two lateral lines Faint dorsal line 116 55 Two lateral lines Faint trace dorsal line 112 20 Two lateral lines Dorsal line 105 48 Two lateral lines Dorsal line 7. Grayish drab above; wax-yellow below; chin lighter Indian purple. 126 30 Two lateral lines Faint trace dorsal line 122 60 Two lateral lines Trace dorsal line 121 20 Two lateral lines Incomplete dorsal line 119 55 Strong lateral line Trace dorsal line 116 55 Strong lateral line Faint trace dorsal line 8. Dark drab-gray above; dull wax-yellow below; chin light Indian purple. 124 60 Lateral line Faint dorsal line 9. Drab-gray above; straw and Naples yellow below; chin light Indian purple. 118 56 Two lateral lines Dorsal line 10. Bronzed drab-gray above; pale wax-yellow below; chin light Indian purple. 92 41 Two lateral lines Very distinct dorsal line These notes show clearly that the intensity of pigmentation increases quite gradually and fairly regularly with the size of the individual, and that while young specimens may be nearly as pale as some dark individuals of _A. pulchra_, all of the large specimens are of the dark type. It is also true in a general way that the smaller the specimen the more distinctly the lines are shown. In the light of our present knowledge, therefore, it seems necessary to regard _Anniella nigra_ as a local and probably recently differentiated race rather than as a melanistic phase of _Anniella pulchra_. While the difference is purely one of color, no intergradation has yet been shown to occur in adult specimens, and the two forms must therefore be recognized as distinct species occupying separate areas in different faunal zones. If then we ignore the localities of the type specimens of "_A. texana_" and _A. nigra_, as open to question until confirmed by the finding of additional specimens, the known distribution of the species of the genus _Anniella_ is as follows: =Anniella pulchra.= UPPER AUSTRAL ZONE. _San Diegan Fauna._ San Diego County. San Diego, Coronado, mountains near San Diego. Riverside County. San Jacinto. San Bernardino County. San Bernardino. _Californian Fauna._ Kern County. Oil City to Poso Creek. Tulare County. Sequoia National Park. Fresno County. Fresno. Monterey County (interior). San Ardo. San Benito County. Bear Valley. Contra Costa County. =Anniella nigra.= TRANSITION ZONE. _Pacific Fauna._ Monterey County (coast). Monterey, Pacific Grove, Point Pinos, Carmel Bay. San Francisco County. San Francisco. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, August 18, 1905. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES THIRD SERIES ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 3 _Issued December 2, 1905_ ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE LEATHER-BACK TURTLE, DERMOCHELYS, ON THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ PLATES IX-XI Records of the occurrence of the great marine Leather-back Turtle in the Pacific Ocean are so few that any additional observations are of much interest. Temminck and Schlegel[19] report upon a specimen captured near the Bay of Nagasaki, Japan, in May, 1825. Mr. Swinhoe[20] saw a large one at Amoy, China, in October, 1859. Aflalo[21] has described a pair from Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia. Krefft[22] mentions an example nine feet long from the coast of New South Wales. McCoy[23] figures one caught at Portland, Victoria, Australia, in 1862. Another was harpooned by Captain Subritzky in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, in May, 1892.[24] Boulenger[25] mentions a skull from the Solomon Islands. The species has been recorded from the coast of Chile by Molina[26] and Philippi,[27] and from Guaymas, Mexico, by Mr. Belding.[28] [Footnote 19: Fauna Japonica, 1833, pp. 9, 12.] [Footnote 20: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1870, p. 410.] [Footnote 21: Sketch Nat. Hist. Australia, p. 188.] [Footnote 22: Austral. Vertebr. p. 39.] [Footnote 23: Prodrom. Zool. Victoria, v. 2, 1885, p. 2.] [Footnote 24: Cheeseman, Trans. New Zealand Inst. v. 25, 1893, p. 108.] [Footnote 25: Cat. Chelon. Brit. Mus. 1889, p. 10.] [Footnote 26: Essai sur l'Hist. Nat. du Chili, 1789, p. 194.] [Footnote 27: Ann. Univ. Chile, v. 104, 1899, [separate pp. 3-6], pl.--.] [Footnote 28: West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99.] Thus it appears that the only record of the occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle in the waters of the western coast of the North American continent is the brief note by Mr. Belding in the West American Scientist, which reads as follows: "I saw at Guaymas a Leather-back Turtle (Dermatochelys) which weighed 1,102 lbs." I am now able to record the capture of three specimens of this turtle on the coast of California. Early in January of the present year I received word that a large sea turtle had been caught near Santa Barbara, California, and at once arranged to purchase it for the Academy. A photograph (Plate IX) sent me at the time showed it to be a fine specimen of the Leather-back Turtle. Upon its arrival in San Francisco this turtle proved to be a female measuring six feet and seven inches from the tip of its snout to the end of its tail. Its weight was given on the bill of lading as 800 pounds, but this may have been estimated rather than actually determined. It was secured by Mr. G. W. Gourley and Albert F. Stafford, about January 2, in twenty-five fathoms of water in the open sea about two miles south of Santa Barbara. Mr. Gourley has given me the following glowing account of its capture: "SANTA BARBARA, CAL., "Jan. 17, 1905. "_Dear Sir:_--Your note of 13th inst. received.... In regard to the details of the capture I will say that the turtle was first seen swimming on the surface about two miles off shore and to the southwestward of the Santa Barbara whistling buoy. I went after it (accompanied by a boy) in an 18 foot sailboat. I had a gaff with a hook on the end of it and bent about 200 feet of rope onto the handle. I had also prepared a number of other ropes with nooses on them to be ready for quick work. "On approaching the turtle it did not hear the wash of the boat until we were within about 25 feet of it, when it made a rush to windward and started to dive, but the momentum of the boat when I luffed into the wind carried her right along side of him and I dropped the tiller and got forward with the gaff-hook and swung over the side in the weather rigging and got the hook fast in the leathery part of his neck. He immediately sounded and run out the full length of the line--about 200 feet--and towed the boat about half a mile further out to sea. He then came to the surface and we over-handed the line and pulled up close to him again. When he caught sight of the boat he turned and came toward us and threw one of his flippers over the gunwale of the boat, nearly capsizing her.[29] I climbed up on the upper side and shoved him off with an oar. He grabbed the end of the oar and bit the end of it off like a piece of cheese. His movements in the water were very swift; using his fore flipper he could turn almost instantly from one side to the other and his head would project about 18 inches from the body. I succeeded in throwing a noose over his head and later by attracting his attention in the opposite direction got ropes around both flippers--finally having five lines on him--and started to tow him toward the shore. He repeatedly slipped the ropes off from his neck and flippers--several times getting almost entirely free. We were from 11:30 A. M. till nearly 4 P. M. in finally landing him. When about half way to shore he suddenly turned and made a break out to sea, towing the boat stern first with all sail drawing full for several hundred yards with little effort. He emitted at intervals a noise resembling the grunt of a wild boar. There were (when we first tackled him) about a dozen ramoras attached to different parts of the body. Most of them stayed with him all through the struggle and only deserted him when I hoisted him to the deck of the dock. I captured two of them and kept them in a bucket for several days. One was about ten inches long. The turtle lived for four days after taking out of the water--being very lively when first landed and gradually subsiding. I don't think this species ever come out of the water on their own responsibility. "So far as I can learn there has been but one other of this kind ever taken on this coast. It was less than half the size of this and was entangled in a fisherman's net and was wounded in capturing, so that it died soon after. The meat was sold to the hotels here and was very fine eating. "Respectfully, "G. W. GOURLEY." [Footnote 29: It is interesting to note the similarity of the account given by Captain Subritzky of the capture of his specimen, which is given by Cheeseman (Trans. New Zealand Inst. v. 25, 1893, p. 109) as follows: "When passing Cape Brett on a voyage from Awanui to Auckland, he noticed a floating object, which he at first took for a boat bottom upwards. The schooner's boat was lowered, and he proceeded to inspect it; when, to his astonishment, it suddenly disappeared, shortly afterward reappearing a little distance further away. Returning to his vessel, he secured a harpoon and line, and then pulled cautiously up to the creature, soon recognizing it to be a large turtle-like animal entirely new to him. After a little manœuvering he succeeded in harpooning it in the neck. According to him, it made a most determined resistance, making for the boat open-mouthed, snapping its jaws violently. It succeeded in getting its flappers over the side of the boat, nearly capsizing it, but was stunned by a blow on the head, towed alongside the schooner, and hoisted on board."] Inquiry regarding the second specimen referred to in Mr. Gourley's letter finally resulted, through the kindness of Dr. Frank M. Anderson, in my securing from Mr. E. B. Hoyt of San Luis Obispo, a photograph of this turtle, taken soon after its death. Mr. Hoyt tells me that this photograph was taken by himself at Santa Barbara in July or August, 1901. It shows the animal covering more than half the length of the floor of a dray on which it was lying. This photograph is reproduced in Plate X. The third individual of this species was preserved in the museum at Coronado, San Diego County, which I am told is now a thing of the past. All that I have been able to learn of its history is contained in the following note from Mrs. E. S. Newcomb, who was in charge of the collection: "CORONADO, March 21, 1896. "_Dear Sir_:--I am only posted in regard to one marine turtle, which hangs in the entrance of our museum, and provokes various witty remarks from the travelling public.... This turtle was caught off Point Loma [San Diego Co.] by a fisherman, weight 800 lbs. He sold it to the market, where Prof. Ward recognized the skin as belonging to the Harp or Lute turtle, and purchased it for this museum. It has been here eight years. I am sorry my information is so meagre, but it is the best I can give you. "Yours sincerely, "(MRS.) E. S. NEWCOMB." With no material for comparison I am unable to form an opinion as to the identity or specific distinctness of the Leather-back Turtles of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans; but Distant's photograph of an individual from South Africa[30] certainly shows a style of coloration very different from that seen in those reproduced here. A view of the superior surface of the hyoid is given (Plate XI) which makes it evident that the specimen figured by Gervais[31] was incomplete. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, August 4, 1905. [Footnote 30: Distant, Zoologist, 4th ser. v. 2, 1898, p. 500.] [Footnote 31: Gervais, N. Arch. Mus. v. 8, 1872, pl. VII, fig. 2.] EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. Photograph of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, California, January, 1905. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE IX. ] EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. Photograph of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, California, in July or August, 1901. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE X. ] EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Hyoid of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, California, January, 1905. [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE XI. ] PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES THIRD SERIES ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 4[32] _Issued March 14, 1906_ [Footnote 32: NOTE.--Only a few copies of the original edition of this paper (Third Series, Vol. IV, Nos. 4 and 5, Zoology, pp. 61-67) had been distributed prior to the great fire of April 18, 1906, in which practically the entire edition was lost. To enable libraries and individuals to complete their files of the Proceedings this _exact reprint_ is issued March 26, 1915. BARTON W. EVERMANN, _Editor_.] DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PLETHODON (PLETHODON VANDYKEI) FROM MOUNT RAINIER, WASHINGTON BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ In a small collection of amphibians secured in Washington by Dr. Edwin Cooper Van Dyke, Curator of the Department of Entomology, is an apparently undescribed species of salamander, which I take pleasure in naming, in honor of its collector, =Plethodon vandykei= sp. nov. _Diagnosis._--Similar in general appearance to _Plethodon intermedius_, but much larger and stouter; costal grooves 12-13; toes and fingers webbed, only 2 phalanges of third and fourth toes free; adpressed limbs separated by 1 costal interspace; tail but slightly compressed; paratoid well developed; a dorsal band, not red; lower surfaces black. _Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 6910, Paradise Valley, Mt. Rainier Park, Washington, Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, July 15-31, 1905. _Description._--General form similar to _P. oregonensis_, but body not quite so much flattened, tail less compressed, and limbs shorter and stouter; tail cylindro-conic, somewhat compressed in posterior half, nearly equal to length of head and body; head depressed, about width of widest part of body; snout broadly truncate from above, rounded in profile; eyes moderate, smaller than in _P. oregonensis_, rather prominent, separated anteriorly by nearly twice the length of the orbital slit; nostrils small, near corners of snout, separated by about their distance from pupil; subnasal groove descending nearly to margin of lip; line of lip descending slightly below corner of snout and ascending below posterior edge of orbit; palatine _teeth_ in 2 slightly curved series beginning some distance behind and a little internal to the internal nares, converging obliquely backward, and scarcely separated on the median line; parasphenoid teeth in 1 patch throughout, separated from palatine teeth by an interval equal to distance from nostril to edge of lip; internal nares rather small; tongue large, ovate, not emarginate, attached along median line but free laterally and for a short distance behind; neck a little narrower than body, with large elongate parotoid gland divided by a longitudinal groove running posteriorly and downward from eye to gular fold, other grooves behind, above and in front of parotoid; a groove along vertebral line; _costal grooves_ between limbs 12 on right, 13 on left, not continued to midline either above or below; limbs a little shorter and stouter than in _P. oregonensis_, anterior with 4 and posterior with 5 digits; digits rather short, with broad rounded ends each with a terminal pad below, inner shortest, third longest, second finger longer than fourth, second toe shorter than fourth which is but little shorter than third; web well developed, extending nearly to end of inner digits, 2 phalanges of third and fourth toes free, feet very broadly palmate; tail slender, slightly compressed in posterior two-thirds, with rather indefinite grooves on proximal half; skin shiny, but roughened above and laterally and pitted below by the mouths of small glands; adpressed limbs separated by about the distance between 2 costal grooves. A broad band extends along the whole dorsal surface from the snout to the tip of the tail. In the alcoholic specimen this band is dark clay-color, dotted with black on the upper surface of the head. It is broadest on the back of the head and narrowest above the anus. The upper surfaces of the limbs and the side of the snout are clay-color dotted with black. A black line runs from the eye to the nostril. The hands and feet are black dotted with clay-color. The chin and central gular region are white with a few scattered black dots. The sides of the neck and the sides and lower surfaces of the body and tail are intense black with a few scattered whitish dots on the belly and sides of tail and with a zone of crowded white dots along the sides of the neck and body. Snout to anus 60 Front of anus to end of tail 56 Width of head 9 Nostril to orbit 2 Snout to orbit 4 Snout to gular fold 13 Snout to fore limb 17 Gular fold to anus 47 Axilla to groin 34 Adpressed limbs separated by 3 Fore limb 15½ Hind limb 18½ Heel to end of longest toe 7 Breadth of foot 6 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, December 21, 1905. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES THIRD SERIES ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 5 _Issued March 14, 1906_ ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SPOTTED NIGHT SNAKE, HYPSIGLENA OCHRORHYNCHUS, IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; AND ON THE SHAPE OF THE PUPIL IN THE REPTILIAN GENUS ARIZONA BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SPOTTED NIGHT SNAKE, HYPSIGLENA OCHRORHYNCHUS, IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA The little snake to which Cope, in 1860,[33] gave the name _Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus_ was first described from specimens secured at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. It has since been found to range across Arizona and northern Mexico to Texas. As recently as 1893, so little was known of the distribution of this snake in California that Dr. Stejneger,[34] in recording the single specimen secured by the Death Valley Expedition in the Argus Range, Inyo County, California, thought that it added a species to the known fauna of the State. This snake had, however, already been taken at San Diego, California, as mentioned by Professor Cope[35] in 1883. More recently, the species has been recorded by Cope[36] from Witch Creek, San Diego County, and by myself[37] from the Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County; Strawberry Valley and San Jacinto, Riverside County, and Hesperia, San Bernardino County. [Footnote 33: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, p. 246.] [Footnote 34: N. A. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, p. 204.] [Footnote 35: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, p. 32.] [Footnote 36: Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 954.] [Footnote 37: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 180.] These localities are all in the Desert and San Diegan faunal areas. It was with much interest, therefore, that I found this snake in the Californian Fauna close to the edge of the Pacific Fauna. The specimen was secured near Los Gatos, Santa Clara County, several hundred miles beyond the range of the species as previously known. It was found under a pile of recently cut hay, at an altitude of about eight or nine hundred feet, in what is locally known as the warm belt of the foothills, where _Bascanion laterale_, _Cnemidophorus tigris undulates_, and _Amphispiza belli_ also occur. ON THE SHAPE OF THE PUPIL IN THE REPTILIAN GENUS ARIZONA There has been, among herpetologists, much diversity of opinion as to the merits of Kennicott's genus _Arizona_. The validity of the single species for which he proposed the name _Arizona elegans_ has, I believe, never been questioned, but the known generic characters have been rather inadequate. Accordingly, while some authors have followed Kennicott, others have referred the species variously to the genera _Pituophis_ of Holbrook, _Rhinechis_ of Michahelles, or _Coluber_ of Linnæus. I believe that all authors (myself included) who mention the point at all describe the eye of this snake as showing a round pupil. This is true of most alcoholic specimens, for in these the pupil usually is dilated. In two living specimens, however, I find that the pupil is slightly irregular in outline so that it appears somewhat eccentric, that it varies considerably in size from time to time, and that it is distinctly elliptic, with the long diameter vertical, but becomes nearly round when dilated. Some alcoholic specimens also show the pupil somewhat contracted and elliptic. This point is of some importance, since the possession of a vertically elongate pupil is in itself ample basis for the recognition of the genus _Arizona_ as distinct from the other colubrine genera with which it has been confused. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, February 24, 1906. Transcriber's Notes: 1. Pages 20, 25: The spelling of Reëxamination/reëxamination has been left with the dieresis. 2. Italics are shown as _text_ and bold as =text=. 3. Page 19, 20: The fraction 2/2 has been retained as such. 4. Carat numbers/letters have been retained with the carat symbol to represent an upper position. 5. Page 61: There is a date in the middle of a paragraph which does not seem to pertain to anything. This has been removed. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, SERIES 3, VOLUME 4 (ZOOLOGY) *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license. Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that: • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works. • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate. While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate. Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org. This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.