The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pedestrianism; or, An Account of the Performances of Celebrated Pedestrians During the Last and Present Century.
    
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online
at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States,
you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located
before using this eBook.

Title: Pedestrianism; or, An Account of the Performances of Celebrated Pedestrians During the Last and Present Century.

Author: Walter Thom

Release date: September 27, 2017 [eBook #55644]

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed
        Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
        produced from images generously made available by The
        Internet Archive)


*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PEDESTRIANISM; OR, AN ACCOUNT OF THE PERFORMANCES OF CELEBRATED PEDESTRIANS DURING THE LAST AND PRESENT CENTURY. ***




Produced by Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)







[Illustration: CAPTAIN BARCLAY

_In his Walking dress._]




                             PEDESTRIANISM;

                                   OR,
                               AN ACCOUNT
                                   OF
               The Performances of celebrated Pedestrians
                                 DURING
                     _THE LAST AND PRESENT CENTURY_;

                        WITH A FULL NARRATIVE OF
                            Captain Barclay’s
                       PUBLIC AND PRIVATE MATCHES;
                                   AND
                          AN ESSAY ON TRAINING.

                                 BY THE
                   AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY OF ABERDEEN,
                              _&c. &c. &c._

                                ABERDEEN:
                     Printed by D. Chalmers and Co.

         FOR A. BROWN, AND F. FROST, ABERDEEN; CONSTABLE AND CO.
             AND GREIG, HIGH-STREET, EDINBURGH; LONGMAN AND
          CO. PATERNOSTER-ROW; FORSYTH, 114, LEADENHALL-STREET;
                     AND RICE, 28, BERKELEY-SQUARE,
                                 LONDON.

                                  1813.




_PREFACE._


At the suggestion of a few friends, the author undertook this work.
His intention at first was to confine it solely to Capt. Barclay’s
performances. But on farther consideration, he thought that the _feats_
of other pedestrians might be introduced, and the plan enlarged, so as
to embrace a treatise conveying information or amusement to readers in
general, as well as to sporting gentlemen.

He has therefore treated of objects connected with the physical powers
of man, with the view of drawing the attention of the public to the
best means of strengthening and augmenting the capacities of the body.
The subject he deems important, especially at a time when the physical
energies of many of our countrymen are frequently brought into action by
the conflicts of war.

The republics of Greece prepared their youth for the duty of the field
by their gymnastic institutions; and the Romans were exercised by long
marches, running, leaping, and throwing the javelin. But with the
soldiers of Britain, a different system prevails. While stationed at
home, they are allowed to waste their time in “indolent repose,” and
prevented from taking even that degree of exercise which is requisite to
health, lest they should exhaust the most trifling of their necessaries,
before the return of the usual period of supply. All the advantages
they might derive from a course of training, are thus sacrificed to an
ill-judged economy, and to the vain show of a parade or field day.

The author has considered _Exercise_ in a military point of view, and
he thinks he cannot too strongly urge the necessity of adopting such
measures for training our troops preparatory to actual service as would
fit them for undergoing the hardships of the campaign.

He therefore trusts that this work may deserve the perusal of military
men--no class in the community having so much occasion to prepare
themselves to bear bodily fatigue, as those who are engaged in the
business of war.--And, if it be fully explained, as the author hopes it
is, by what expedients men may be enabled to undergo more than ordinary
exertion, the subject certainly merits the consideration of the defenders
of their country.

But as exercise conduces so much to the strength and soundness of both
body and mind, the subjects treated in this volume, may be deemed, he
presumes, of sufficient moment to deserve the attention of all classes.

The different pedestrian matches which are recorded, may serve to
illustrate general principles, as they exhibit the power of the human
frame; and hence conclusions of extensive utility may be deduced. But
to _Sporting Gentlemen_ this work is particularly interesting, as they
will find, concisely related, the performances of the most celebrated
pedestrians of the present age. And from what has been already done, they
may form some opinion of what it is possible for others to accomplish;
and thus regulate their _bets_ according to the different circumstances
of the cases under their review.

The author acknowledges his obligations to several gentlemen of the
highest respectability, for their encouragement and patronage. To
Capt. Barclay, in particular, he is much indebted, for having not only
furnished the chapter on training, but also for having taken the trouble
to revise the greater part of the work.

                                                             WALTER THOM.

_Aberdeen, 1st Jan. 1813._




CONTENTS.


  PREFACE,                                               _Page_ 3

                           CHAPTER I.

  On the Gymnastic Exercises of the Ancients,                   9

                           CHAP. II.

  Modern Pedestrianism,                                        33

                           CHAP. III.

  The same subject continued,                                  69

                           CHAP. IV.

  Capt. Barclay’s Public and Private Matches,                 101

                            CHAP. V.

  Sketches of Capt. Barclay’s Favourite Pursuits,
      and General Mode of Living,                             205

                           CHAP. VI.

  On Training,                                                221

                           CHAP. VII.

  On the Physical Powers of Man,                              249

                           APPENDIX.

  Genealogy of the Family of Barclay of Mathers and
      Ury, in the County of Kincardine,                       257


ERRATA.

Page 113. line 20. instead of 12 read 2 seconds. And correct the same
error, p. 158.

Transcriber’s Note: These errata have been corrected.




PEDESTRIANISM.




CHAPTER I.

ON THE GYMNASTIC EXERCISES OF THE ANCIENTS.


Gymnastic exercises were held in the highest repute by the most
illustrious nations of antiquity. They mingled with the sacred and
political institutions of their governments, and produced consequences
affecting the physical and moral character of the people.

The GAMES interested all Greece; and the period of their celebration was
that of peace and security. The different republics, with their dependent
colonies in the isles, in Asia, and Africa, furnished candidates emulous
to gain the distinguished honors. Hostile states, then uniting in bonds
of friendship, interchanged those favourable impressions which tend
to humanize the rough nature of man; and that asperity of temper, or
animosity of heart, so characteristic of rude nations, was thus softened
or lulled.

The SACRED GAMES of the Greeks, were composed of the exhibitions of the
STADIUM and HIPPODROME; and the charms of poetry and music were added,
to gratify the more refined taste of the lovers of these exquisite
arts. Philosophers, poets, historians, orators, and every description
of people, assembled to witness the exertions of the combatants, and to
enjoy the varied pleasures of the festival.

The OLYMPIC games claimed precedency over all others; and to IPHITUS,
king of ELIS, they owe their revival--for their origin is lost in
the obscurity of remote ages. The Eleans obtained the direction and
management, by the united consent of Greece; and their territory, on this
account, was deemed inviolable. They founded their prosperity on the
cultivation of peace; and, on sacred ground, raised a temple dedicated
to Jupiter, which inclosed them within the pale of its protecting
influence.

“The temple,” (says Strabo, lib. viii.) “stands in the Pisæan division,
little less than three hundred stadia distant from ELIS. Before it is
a grove of wild olives, within which lies the OLYMPIC stadium.” The
temple was magnificent. It was built of beautiful marble, in the Doric
order, and surrounded by a colonade[1]. It was ornamented by the finest
productions of art--the genius of the sculptor and painter having adorned
the sacred edifice[2]. But the STADIUM was no more than a terrace of
earth, the area of which was six hundred and thirty-eight feet in length.
On the one side was erected the seat of the HELLANODICS, or judges;
and on the other, an altar of white marble, upon which the priestess
of CERES, and her virgins, had the privilege of viewing the games. At
the farther extremity was the barrier, where those who contended in the
SIMPLE FOOT-RACE began their course; and there also was situated the tomb
of ENDYMION[3].

The STADIUM was appropriated to the exhibition of those games denominated
GYMNASTIC; and they consisted of five different exercises, viz.

    1st, RUNNING, or FOOT-RACING.

    2d, LEAPING.

    3d, WRESTLING.

    4th, THROWING THE DISCUS; and,

    5th, BOXING, or PANCRATIA.

The FOOT-RACE was the most ancient, and claimed a pre-eminence over the
other sports; the Olympiads being distinguished by the name of the victor
who obtained the prize in this game.--But as our subject is particularly
connected with this branch of the ancient gymnastics, we shall treat it
more fully in the sequel.

LEAPING consisted in projecting the body by a sudden spring, in which
the competitors endeavoured to surpass each other in the length of their
leap. Their bodies were poised and impelled forwards by weights of
lead suspended in their hands; and it is said, that PHAULUS of Cretona
acquired such proficiency in this exercise as to leap fifty-two feet.

WRESTLING.--This art required both strength and agility. The wrestlers
were matched by lot; and the prize belonged to him who had thrice thrown
his adversary on the ground. They rubbed their bodies with oil to elude
the grasp, and to prevent too profuse perspiration.

THROWING THE DISCUS.--This sport consisted in throwing a globular mass
of iron, brass, or stone, under the hand, in the manner of the English
quoit. It tried the strength of the arms; and the length of the cast
decided the claims of the competitors.

BOXING, or the PANCRATIA.--This combat was performed either by the naked
fist, or with the addition of the CÆSTUS, which was made of straps of
leather, lined with metal. Boxing was one of the most dangerous of the
gymnastic contests, and frequently terminated in maiming, or death.

Judges called HELLANODICS were appointed to preside at the Olympic
festival; and their office conveyed great authority. They inflicted
corporal punishments and pecuniary penalties on those who infringed the
Olympic laws: and that vast assembly of combatants and spectators, which
was composed of men of every rank and degree, was thus kept in order and
regularity. For ten centuries, religion and custom consecrated their
powerful influence to the maintenance of the sacred games--the period
of their revival by Iphitus, being seven hundred and seventy-six years
before the birth of Christ. The duration of this institution shews its
perfect organization, and that, while it comprized so many different
states, its laws were administered with justice and impartiality.

The games were celebrated every fifth year; and the candidates for the
Olympic crown, termed ATHLETÆ, were obliged, previously, to enter their
names, that they might be known to the Hellanodics, and their pretensions
to the honor of competition investigated. Ten months of preparatory
training were requisite; of which one was devoted to exercise in the
stadium in the presence of the judges, in order to qualify the competitor
for the arduous trial; and FREE citizens only, whose characters were
irreproachable, and who, in other respects, had complied with the rules
of the institution, were permitted to contend. So important was the prize
of victory, that none but men of spotless reputation were allowed to
enter the lists, which were carefully guarded against the intrusion of
unworthy or improper persons.

The games lasted five days, and commenced with the FOOT-RACE, which was
the first in order, and the highest in estimation of all the gymnastic
exercises.

At first, the race, as instituted by Iphitus, was SIMPLE. It consisted of
running once from the barrier to the goal, or from the one extremity of
the stadium to the other. But in the fourteenth Olympiad, the DIAULUS was
introduced, which, as the word implies, was double the former distance.
The runners in this race turned round the goal, and finished their course
at the barrier, whence they had started. In the next Olympiad, the
DOLICHUS, or LONG COURSE, was added, which consisted of six, twelve, or
twenty-four stadia, or in doubling the goal three, six, or twelve times.

In the simple foot-race, fleetness or agility only was required;
but in the long course, strength of body, and command of WIND, were
indispensable to enable the candidate to gain the prize. Strength and
agility are seldom united in the same person; yet there are some modern
examples of the union of both; and, in antiquity, LEONIDAS of RHODES
obtained the triple crown, in four Olympiads, and was thus distinguished
in the list of conquerors by twelve victories[4].

The competitors in the gymnastic exercises contended naked; but in
the sixty-fifth Olympiad, the race of ARMED MEN was introduced, as
particularly applicable to the duties of war: and, according to
Pausanias, lib. v. twenty-five brass bucklers were kept in a temple
at Olympia for the purpose of equipping the candidates, who wore also
helmets and bucklers. DAMARETUS gained the first victory in this race,
which in no respect differed from the stadium, or simple foot-race, but
that the Athletæ were covered with armour.

While the runners waited the sound of the trumpet as the signal to
start, they exercised themselves by various feats of agility, and short
experimental excursions.

    “They try, they rouse their speed with various arts,
    “Their languid limbs they prompt to act their parts,
    “And with bent hams, amid the practis’d crowd,
    “They sit; now strain their lungs, and shout aloud;
    “Now a short flight, with fiery steps they trace,
    “And with a sudden stop abridge the mimic race.”

When the signal was given, the racers ran with amazing rapidity. They
“seemed on feathered feet to fly,” and the first who arrived at the goal
was declared the victor.

So highly were gymnastics estimated in Greece, that the most liberal
rewards, and the most flattering honors, were bestowed on the victors,
whose glory shed a lustre around their friends, their parents, and their
country.

The Olympic crown was composed of the branches of the wild olive; but
the pine, the parsley, and the laurel, were the symbols appropriated
to the several solemnities of the sacred games at the Isthmus, Nemea,
and Delphi. This reward, however, was only a pledge of the many honors,
immunities, and privileges, consequent of the glory of being crowned.
To excite the emulation of the competitors, these crowns were laid on a
tripod which was placed in the middle of the stadium, where also were
exposed branches of PALM, which the conquerors received at the same time,
to carry in their hands, as emblems of their invincible vigour of body
and mind[5].

The ceremony of investing the victors with this distinguished prize, was
attended with great solemnity. The conquerors were called by proclamation
to the tribunal of the Hellanodics, where the HERALD placed a crown of
olive upon the head of each of them, and gave into his hand a branch of
the palm. Thus adorned with the trophies of victory, they were led along
the stadium preceded by trumpets; and the herald proclaimed with a loud
voice, their own names, and those of their fathers, and country; and
specified the particular exercise in which each of them had gained the
victory.

Although the Hellanodics could bestow no other reward than the OLIVE
CHAPLET, which was merely a symbol, yet the shouts of applause from the
spectators, and the congratulations of relatives, friends, and assembled
countrymen, formed a meed that gratified the ambition of the conquerors.
Sacrifices were made in honor of the victors, and entertainments were
given, in which they presided, or were otherwise eminently distinguished.
In the PRYTANEUM, or town-hall of Olympia, a banqueting-room was set
apart for the special purpose of entertaining them; and odes composed
for the occasion were sung by a CHORUS, accompanied with instrumental
music[6].

There can be nothing more gratifying to laudable ambition, than the idea
that great actions shall be handed down to posterity. To perpetuate,
therefore, the glory of these victories, the names of the conquerors were
recorded in a public register, which specified the exercise in which each
had excelled: and the privilege of erecting their statues in the SACRED
GROVE OF JUPITER, was the last and highest honor which the Hellanodics
could grant to the Olympic victors.

But upon arriving in their native cities, the conquerors were far
more distinguished than at Olympia; and more substantial rewards were
conferred upon them. They enjoyed the honor of a triumphal entry; and
temples and altars, dedicated to them, were erected at the public
expense. They were thus immortalized by what was deemed the perfection
of glory. “To conquer at Olympia,” says Cicero, “was greater and more
glorious than to receive the honors of a Roman triumph.”

The importance which the Greeks attached to the Olympic games may be
deduced from the care with which they instructed their youth in the
gymnastic exercises. There was scarcely a town of any consideration
in Greece, or in her colonies settled along the coasts of Asia and
Africa--in the Ionian and Ægean islands--in Sicily and in Italy, in which
there was not a GYMNASIUM, or school of exercise, maintained at the
public expense.

The GYMNASIA were spacious buildings, of a square or oblong form,
surrounded on the outside with piazzas, and containing in the inside, a
large area where the exercises were performed. Places for training in
bad weather--porticoes, baths, chambers for oil and sand, with groves
of trees, and seats, or benches, encompassed the stadium. The internal
structure of these edifices was adapted to the convenience of those who
frequented them, either for exercise or for pleasure; and they were the
resort of rhetoricians, philosophers, and men of learning, who here
read their lectures, held their disputations, and recited their several
productions[7].

The moral and political influence of the Olympic games was acknowledged
by the legislators of Greece; and accordingly, they were encouraged and
protected by laws so strict, that for more than ten centuries they
attracted the particular attention of the civilized world; and, amidst
the revolutions of states and empires, they seemed to stand on a basis
of perpetual duration. To gain the Olympic crown was the great object
of solicitude, as it reflected the highest honor, not on the individual
alone who obtained the prize, but also on the country which gave him
birth. But to qualify the candidate for the combat, a long course of
training was requisite; and in every city, the youth were instructed in
the different branches of the gymnastic science, and regularly exercised
by proper masters.

The republics of Greece were warlike in their constitution; and they
were eager to form the bodies, as well as the minds of their youth. The
importance of the athletic exercises was apparent to those who understood
the nature of the human frame, which, from experience, they knew could be
strengthened by the practice of the gymnasium, at the same time that the
mind was invigorated by consequent health and soundness in the body. We
may therefore consider the sacred games of Greece rather as a military
institution, than a religious festival; and that the worship of the gods,
although combined with the sports of the STADIUM and HIPPODROME, was only
a secondary object, calculated to impress on the minds of the people
a higher idea of their value and importance. In the ancient world, as
well as in modern times, religion has been made a tool to promote state
artifices; and the legislators of Greece knew too well the influence of
superstition, to reject its powerful aid in the construction of their
political establishments.

As a civil and military institution, the sacred games were attended by
the happiest consequences. They presented a prize to the emulous youth,
accompanied by such honors as powerfully stimulated their endeavours
to acquire that proficiency in the gymnastic sports, which could only
be obtained by frequent practice in the schools of their respective
cities. The Athenians devoted nearly a third part of the year to such
amusements; and from the number of Olympic victors whose national
designations are recorded by ancient writers, we may suppose, that the
other states of Greece were no less zealous in the exercises of the
gymnasium[8].

To prepare men for the business of war, was the grand object of these
institutions.--The Greeks were divided into small independent states,
which were constantly embroiled with one another; and their strength
was founded on the number and discipline of the troops they could
respectively bring into the field. To increase the number of fighting
men, and to train them in the most effectual manner, was, therefore, the
principal object of the different governments. By learning and practising
the gymnastic exercises, their youth were inured to toil, and rendered
healthy, hardy, vigorous, and active. They were prepared for all the
duties of war. Neither the inclemency of the weather, nor the scorching
beams of the sun could affect them, as their bodies by continual exercise
had become more robust, and less liable to be injured, than the natural
frame of ordinary men.

The Grecian manner of fighting required both strength and agility, as the
long spear of the “firm phalanx” could not be easily wielded, and the
occasionally rapid marches of the Greek armies over a rugged country,
sufficiently evince the utility of active habits. To the PRACTICE of the
gymnasia, the Greeks owe all the glory they acquired in war; and it was
the opinion of Plato, “that every well constituted republic ought, by
offering prizes to the conquerors, to encourage all such exercises as
tend to increase the strength and agility of the body[9].”

The admirable symmetry of the Grecian statues, establishes, beyond
controversy, the just proportions and great beauty of their prototypes;
and to the education of their youth, we must ascribe the fine forms of
the Greek people, who, by avoiding idleness and dissipation, and by
mingling exercise with amusement, created, as it were, an improved race
of men. In a moral point of view, then, the gymnastics of the ancients
were of the utmost importance. They furnished occupation to all those
who were not engaged in laborious employments, or in the service of the
state;--who were exempted from the drudgery of business by their affluent
condition; and, indeed, to every man who had a vacant hour to devote to
amusement or exercise. The gymnasia may be termed schools for morality,
as they contributed to diminish vice, and to increase virtue: they served
the double purpose of strengthening the good, and weakening the bad,
propensities of human nature.

They who aimed at eminence in the gymnastic exercises were compelled
to observe temperance and sobriety, which greatly promoted the health
and vigour of the body. Every thing enervating was forbidden; and the
pleasures of the table, or sensual indulgence of any kind, rendered the
Athletæ unfit for the severe exercise of the gymnasia. HORACE remarks,
(Art. Poet. ver. 412,) that,

    “A youth who hopes the Olympic prize to gain,
    All arts must try, and ev’ry toil sustain;
    Th’ extremes of heat and cold must often prove,
    _And shun the weak’ning joys of wine and love_.”

In a voluptuous climate, the propensity to vicious indulgence is
natural and powerful; but among the Greeks, it was counteracted by the
firm organization which they acquired by perpetual exercise; and the
universality of the games diffused among the whole people the important
advantages of the institution.

Corporeal excellence, however, was not the only benefit which the Greeks
derived from the Athletic exercises. The powers of the mind were also
strengthened and augmented, and that courage which depends on the nerves
was improved to the highest pitch. The undaunted spirit of the Greeks
appalled their enemies; and the most signal exploits in the field of
battle were performed by those who had previously obtained the Olympic
crown[10]. The love of glory is the greatest incentive to splendid
actions; and the SACRED GAMES fostered a passion that could easily be
transferred from the gymnasia to the contests in the field. One Grecian
could conquer ten Persians, for his body was robust, and his mind was
brave; and HONOR was the sole reward which he courted.

It is related by Herodotus, (lib. viii. c. 25.) that when Xerxes invaded
Greece, he found the Grecians employed in celebrating the Olympic
festival, and that the prize which they contended for, was no more
than--A CHAPLET OF WILD OLIVE. TIGRANES, the son of ARTABANUS, exclaimed,
“Alas, Mardonius! against what kind of men have you led us to fight! men
who engage in a contest with each other, not for gold and silver, but
only for a superiority of virtue and glory!”

The physical, political, and moral influence of the gymnastic exercises
on the bodies and minds of the Greeks, was thus evinced by their superior
beauty and strength--their strict observance of the laws of their
country--their bravery in war--and by their temperance, sobriety, and
industry, in civil life.

Of all the Olympic games, the FOOT-RACE, as we have previously remarked,
held the foremost rank. Homer distinguishes Achilles by the epithet
“swift of foot;” and, whether as conducive to health, useful in the
affairs of life, or important in the operations of war, pedestrian
exercises must be considered as of the utmost consequence to mankind.
The human frame is peculiarly calculated for activity and exertion; and
it should be remembered, that it is by EXERCISE and LABOUR that man
is enabled to preserve his health, increase his strength, improve the
faculties of his mind, and procure his subsistence.

Among the ancient Greeks and Romans, there were runners of great
celebrity; and the rapid marches of their armies on various emergencies,
shew how much they were habituated to pedestrian exercises. Two thousand
Lacedemonians marched from Sparta to Attica in three days--a distance of
twelve hundred stadia--to assist the Athenians at the battle of Marathon.
Phidippides ran seven hundred and fifty stadia in the space of two days,
which was deemed a most extraordinary effort, until Philonides, the
runner of Alexander the Great, accomplished twelve hundred stadia in one
day, from Sicyone to Ellis. In the reign of Nero, a boy of nine years of
age, ran seventy-five thousand paces, between noon and night[11].

Although the modern governments of Europe have not hitherto afforded any
patronage to gymnastic exercises, yet pedestrianism has been brought to
great perfection by spirited individuals, especially in Britain. Exploits
more extraordinary than any on the records of antiquity have been
accomplished in this country; and it shall be our duty in the next and
succeeding chapters, to give a particular account of these astonishing
performances.




CHAPTER II.

MODERN PEDESTRIANISM.


Since the remote period of Greek and Roman prosperity, nothing analagous
to the Olympic games has been exhibited in Europe, if we except modern
horse-racing, which bears a faint resemblance; or, perhaps, the
tournaments of the middle ages, which presented a nearer similitude.

Although the art of war be now different, in some respects, from that
which was practised among the ancients, it is still not less requisite
in the present than in former times, to strengthen the physical and
intellectual powers of the soldier. To endure the vicissitudes of
climates and seasons--to bear cold, hunger, and thirst--to perform long
marches under the inclemency of the weather--and to preserve his spirit
unbroken amidst the tumult of the battle, are the severe duties of his
profession. It is by EXERCISE that the soldier is gradually inured to
the hardships of the field; and the importance of preparatory training
was well known to the ancients, who accordingly converted the amusements
of the people into a course of military discipline. The exercises of
the gymnasia prepared the youth for the fatigues of the campaign, by
strengthening their bodies, and invigorating their minds; and they
accomplished those brilliant achievements which stand unrivalled in the
page of history.

It is justly remarked by Dr. West[12], “that a wise and prudent governor
of a state may dispose the people to such sports and diversions as may
render them more serviceable to the public; and that, by impartially
bestowing a few HONORARY PRIZES upon those who should be found to excel
in any CONTEST he shall think proper to appoint, he may excite in
the husbandman, the manufacturer, and the mechanic, as well as in the
soldier and the sailor, and men of superior orders and professions, such
an emulation as may tend to promote industry, encourage trade, improve
the knowledge and wisdom of mankind, and consequently make his country
victorious in war, and, in peace, opulent and happy.”

It is admitted, that the new levies in the British army are diminished
more by fatigue, than by the sword of the enemy. Our regiments are
gradually wasted by sickness and disease, for they are not fitted by
a course of preparatory training, to undergo those hardships to which
they are unavoidably exposed; and the sudden transition from a life of
ease to that of great activity, too frequently proves fatal to men of
feeble bodies and weak constitutions. Were the practice of the ancients
imitated, by the erection of schools for gymnastic exercises, and our
young soldiers subjected to a process of training, the lives of many of
them would be saved to their country, and the efficient strength of our
army greatly augmented.

Mr. Edgeworth, while treating on military education, says, “As to
EXERCISE and AMUSEMENTS for the pupils in a military academy, they
should all be calculated to promote and sustain manly dispositions. The
judicious SULLY recommends, in the strongest manner, to military youth,
those sports and exercises which form a graceful carriage, and give
strength to the limbs.”--‘I was,’ says he, ‘always of the same opinion as
Henry IV. concerning these exercises. He often asserted, that they were
the most solid foundation, not only of discipline, and other military
virtues, _but also of those noble sentiments, and that elevation of mind
which gives one nation pre-eminence over another_.’

“A military school should have annual competitions and prizes for
foot-races, leaping, wrestling, fencing, and firing at a target.
Though the prize need not be absolutely wreaths of oak or parsley, yet
whatever they are, they should be more honorary than lucrative. The
victors should be rewarded also with the applauses of the public, the
countenance of the great, and sometimes, perhaps, with the patronage of
the government.”--“All sports,” he farther observes, “without exception,
that promote strength and agility, should be encouraged in our military
schools[13].”

But to every man, the proper exercise of the body is an important object,
as good health and spirits constitute the greatest blessing of nature,
for our pleasures are derived from the capability of enjoying them. Dr.
Churchill justly remarks[14], “that, in the formation of our frames, and
the very nature of our constitution, it was the positive institution of
Providence, to create in us an absolute necessity for exercise, in order
to our well-being.” And he farther says, that “by attention to exercise,
the tone and vigour of the moving powers are wonderfully increased; the
nervous energy and circulation of the blood are materially accelerated;
and this increased impetus of the blood through the whole system
produces an effectual determination to the surface of the skin; and
free perspiration is the consequence. By the same means, the body is
disposed to sleep; the appetite increased; the tone of the stomach and
digestive powers preserved; and the blood is determined from the internal
viscera, which prevents as well as removes obstructions, and powerfully
obviates the tendency to a plethoric fulness of the system. By exercise,
the spirits are enlivened, and the body refreshed; or, as Hippocrates
observes, it gives strength to the body, and vigour to the mind; and it
is an irrefragable truth, that where it is improperly neglected, the
energy and strength of the whole machine falls to decay.”

To the authority of Dr. Churchill, may be added that of the celebrated
Dr. Willich, who, in the Seventh Chapter of his Lectures on Diet and
Regimen, (p. 441-2,) observes, that “motion, or bodily exercise, is
necessary to the preservation of health, which is promoted, while the
bounds of moderation are not exceeded. Too violent exercise, or a total
want of it, are attended with equal disadvantages. Much also depends on
the kind of motion, and the various postures of the body.

“The essential advantages of exercise are the following: Bodily strength
is increased; the circulation of the blood and all other fluids promoted;
the necessary secretions and excretions are duly performed; the whole
mass of the blood is cleared and refined, so that it cannot stagnate in
the minutest capillary vessels; and if any obstruction should begin to
take place, it will thus be effectually removed.

“That exercise is enjoined by Nature, we may learn from the whole
structure of the human body; the number of muscles formed for motion; and
the mechanism in the circulation of the blood itself. There are indeed
no healthier people than those who take strong daily exercise. Man in
a state of health is instinctively excited to muscular exertion; and
children that are perfectly healthy, are constantly running about, and
in almost uninterrupted motion.”

       *       *       *       *       *

PEDESTRIANISM affords the best species of exercise, and may be said to
include much that is valuable to mankind. Those distinguished persons,
therefore, who by their example, have rendered this branch of the
gymnastic art FASHIONABLE and GENERAL, deserve the highest praise.
To Captain Barclay, Captain Agar, Captain Acres, Lieutenant Fairman,
and many other gentlemen, this country is greatly indebted for their
improvement of this art. It is only the thoughtless and inconsiderate
part of the community that does not discover the benefits resulting from
the exploits of such celebrated professors, because they cannot estimate
the ultimate consequences of individual exertion. But reflecting people
must perceive that, in time, desultory efforts may be reduced into a
system founded on principles calculated to strengthen and preserve both
the health of our bodies, and the energy of our minds, thus facilitating
the acquisition of human knowledge.

Exercise on foot is allowed to be the most natural and perfect, as it
employs every part of the body, and effectually promotes the circulation
of the blood through the arteries and veins.--“WALKING,” says Dr.
Willich[15], “the most salutary and natural exercise, is in the power
of every body; and we can adapt its degree and duration to the various
circumstances of health. By this exercise the appetite and perspiration
are promoted; the body is kept in proper temperament; the mind is
enlivened; the motion of the lungs is facilitated; and the rigidity of
the legs arising from too much sitting, is relieved. The most obstinate
diseases, and the most troublesome hysteric and hypochondriacal
complaints, have been frequently cured by perseverance in walking.”

Pedestrian feats, even when carried to excess, are seldom attended by
any pernicious effects. The exhaustion occasioned by severe exercise
is only temporary; for the wearied frame is speedily recruited by the
luxury of rest and refreshment. But certain rules may be observed, which
will render walking both easy and agreeable. A light, yet firm and manly
step, an erect posture, especially in regard to the head, the breast, and
the shoulders, should be the chief objects of attainment. By care and
attention a person may thus learn to walk gracefully, and with little
bodily fatigue[16].

Early and constant practice gradually forms the pedestrian for the
accomplishment of the greatest undertakings: but even in the common
intercourse subsisting in society, facility of walking is requisite for
individual conveniency and comfort. It should, therefore, be the study of
people of all ranks, to adopt the best method of performing either short
or long journies, by imitating the GAIT and MANNER of those celebrated
men, who, of late years, have so eminently distinguished themselves in
the annals of the sporting world.

The extraordinary exploits of modern pedestrians have been generally
encouraged by the patronage of men of fortune and rank; and FOOT-MATCHES
being made the subject of discussion, a difference of opinion gives
occasion for wagers. Although it was maintained by Sir Charles Banbury,
and some other eminent sportsmen, that a bet should not be taken on a
FOOT-RACE; yet, in reason, there can be no legitimate objection to such
things, as whatever may be deemed doubtful, or of uncertain result, must
be a fair subject of betting.

Many astonishing feats of pedestrianism have been accomplished during
the last and present century; but it does not suit the limits of this
work to record the whole of them, or even to enumerate all the exploits
of every person who has been distinguished.--We can only relate the
most conspicuous performances of those who have acquired celebrity by
their general success, and whose matches, either against others, or
against time, have attracted public attention. It would fill volumes to
particularize every WALK or RACE that exceeds the power of ordinary men;
and, therefore, we shall confine our narration to matches of difficult
accomplishment. Accordingly, and for the purpose of perspicuity, we have
thought proper generally to arrange them into different classes.

    First, Matches of several days continuance, and which required
    great strength and perseverance.

    Secondly, Those which were accomplished in one day, and shewed
    great strength and agility.

    Thirdly, Those which were performed in one or more hours, and
    required good wind, and great agility; and,

    Lastly, Those completed in seconds, or in minutes, and showed
    great swiftness.

In accomplishing long matches against time, it must be observed, that
considerable speed is fully as requisite as strength; for no man could
walk a hundred miles in one day, if he were not able to go for several
hours at the rate of six miles an hour; and it will be found, in general,
that those who have performed great distances, were also remarkable for
agility and swiftness.

Robert Bartley, of Hutford in Norfolk, who was born anno 1719, was
distinguished in his youth for extraordinary speed; and, when an old
man, frequently walked from Thetford to London in one day--a distance
of eighty-one miles--and returned the next. He was well known among the
sporting men of Newmarket as a great walker, and died in the sixty-sixth
year of his age.

Reed, the noted pedestrian of Hampshire, in 1774, ran ten miles within
an hour, at the Artillery Ground, London. In 1787, he walked one hundred
miles in one day at Gosport; and on the sands of Weymouth, in 1791, he
performed fifty miles in little more than nine hours.

In May 1762, Child, the miller of Wandsworth, walked forty-four miles
in seven hours and fifty-seven minutes, on Wimbledon Common; and in
August the same year, Mr. John Hague of Binns near Marsden, performed one
hundred miles in twenty-three hours and fifteen minutes.

Mr. Foster Powell was the most celebrated pedestrian of his time; and in
the performance of long journies has seldom been equalled.--In 1773, he
walked from London to York, and back again, in six days, for a wager of
one hundred guineas. In the same year, he beat Andrew Smith, a famous
runner, on Barham Downs, in a match of one mile. In 1776, he ran two
miles in ten and a half minutes, on the Lea-bridge road, but lost his
match by half a minute. In September 1787, he walked from the Falstaff
Inn at Canterbury to London Bridge, and back, in ten minutes less than
twenty-four hours, being a distance of one hundred and nine miles. On the
8th June 1788, he set out from Hicks’ Hall on a second journey to York,
and back again, which he accomplished in five days, nineteen hours, and
fifteen minutes. In the July following, he walked one hundred miles in
twenty-two hours. In 1790, he took a bet of twenty guineas to thirteen,
that he would walk from London to York, and return, in five days and
eighteen hours, which he performed in less time than was allowed, by one
hour and fifty minutes. He was so fresh on his return, that he offered
to walk a hundred miles the next day for a considerable wager. In the
same year, he went from Hyde Park corner to Windsor, and back, in seven
hours. In July 1792, he undertook to walk from London to York, and back,
in five days and fifteen hours, which he accomplished within his time by
an hour and twenty-five minutes. In 1792, when in the fifty-seventh year
of his age, he offered to walk six miles in one hour; to run a mile in
five minutes and a half; and to go five hundred miles in seven days. He
required a bet of one hundred guineas on the last undertaking, and twenty
guineas on either of the other two. But no person appearing to accept his
offer, he afterwards declined all pedestrian performances for wagers.

This celebrated pedestrian was born in the year 1736, at Horsforth, near
Leeds, in Yorkshire. He was bred to the profession of the law, and was
clerk to an attorney in New Inn, London. He was beat by West of Windsor,
in walking forty miles on the western road, for a wager of forty guineas.
He was, however, a first-rate walker for either a long or a short
journey; and his stature was no more than five feet eight inches; but his
legs and thighs were stout, and well calculated for performances of this
kind.

Mr. Joseph Edge, of Macclesfield in Cheshire, in 1806, when at the age
of sixty-two, walked one hundred and seventy-two miles in forty-nine
hours and twenty minutes. He started from the Angel Inn at Macclesfield,
at twelve o’clock on Wednesday night, and arrived at the Swan with Two
Necks, Ladlane, London, at twenty minutes past one on Saturday morning.
This performance is remarkable from the age of the pedestrian, who walked
at the rate of three miles, three furlongs, thirty-five perches, and
11/74ths feet per hour.

Long journies have been frequently performed at the rate of from fifty to
eighty miles a day, for four, six, eight, ten, or more successive days,
which have evinced the great strength and perseverance of the pedestrians.

In July 1788, John Batty, when fifty-five years of age, walked seven
hundred miles in fourteen days on Richmond Course. He performed this
long journey at the following rate: first day, fifty-nine miles: second,
fifty-five and three-quarters: third, fifty-two and three-quarters:
fourth, fifty-one: fifth, fifty-one: sixth, fifty-one: seventh,
forty-three: eighth, forty-two and three-quarters: ninth, forty-four
and three-quarters: tenth, fifty-one: eleventh, fifty-one: twelfth,
fifty-four and a half: thirteenth, fifty-one: and on the fourteenth day,
thirty-six miles and a quarter, having finished the whole distance within
five hours of the time allowed.

In 1792, Mr. Eustace walked from Liverpool to London in four days. He was
then seventy-seven years of age, and the distance exceeds two hundred
miles. On a journey from Chester to London, when eleven years younger, he
went ninety miles the first day.

Mr. Downes is well known as a first-rate pedestrian. In February 1808,
he walked four hundred miles in ten days for a bet of a hundred guineas.
He was greatly fatigued by the exertion; and his weight was reduced
more than two stones. He performed thirty-five miles a day for twenty
successive days, without much difficulty. He walked twenty miles in two
hours and forty minutes, on the 11th of July 1809. He matched himself to
go thirty miles in three hours and a quarter, for a bet of one hundred
guineas; but the task was evidently beyond his power, and he failed
in the undertaking. He was more fortunate, however, in a match with
the celebrated Captain Aiken, which took place this year, on the 26th
September, at Thorpe, in Hampshire. The bet was, which of them should
go the greater distance in forty-eight hours. They started together at
the extremities of a piece of ground of five miles, and met each other.
Mr. Downes walked ninety miles the first day, and rested two hours. His
adversary went eighty-eight miles, and had only an hour to rest. On the
second day, Mr. Downes had accomplished seventy-two miles, and had five
hours to spare. Captain Aiken had done only fifty-six in the same time,
and therefore resigned the match.

In April 1808, Mr. Podgers walked four hundred miles in eight successive
days, for a wager of two hundred guineas. He started at Basingstoke, and
from Hampshire went into the counties of Wilts, Gloucester, Somerset,
Sussex, and Kent, finishing at Maidstone. He walked twelve hours each
day, and slept eight. His weight was fourteen stones, and he did not
appear the least fatigued at any period of the journey.

Mr. Dowler, a publican at Towcester, Northamptonshire, walked five
hundred miles in seven successive days, for a bet of one hundred guineas.
He started on the 3d of November 1808, and finished on the 9th, at three
o’clock in the afternoon.

Captain Howe is a celebrated pedestrian, and walked three hundred and
forty-six miles in six days, for a wager of two hundred guineas. He
started on the 8th of March 1808, at four in the morning, to go from
London to Exeter, and made out sixty-four miles by nine at night, having
stopped at Basingstoke for an hour. On the following day he walked
seventy miles; and on the third day, arrived at Exeter to dinner, where
he stopt three hours, but returned to Honiton to sleep. On the fourth
day, he reached within nine miles of Salisbury; and on the fifth night,
slept at a public house near Basingstoke. He had now forty-nine miles
to perform on the sixth day, which accomplished by six o’clock in the
evening. Captain Howe, on the 28th of the same month, gained a match of
two hundred guineas against Captain Hewetson, having walked eighty miles
in less than twenty-four hours.--He also beat Mr. Smith in a twenty mile
race on the Uxbridge road, about the end of October 1809. Mr. Smith was
the favourite before starting; but Captain Howe performed the distance in
two hours and twenty minutes, beating his adversary by half a mile.

On the 9th of June 1812, Captain Howe undertook to go sixty miles in
twelve hours for a wager of two hundred guineas. He started at four
o’clock in the morning, and did half the distance in twelve minutes less
than six hours. He continued at the rate of five miles in the hour, and
won the match within ten minutes of the time allowed.

Mr. Canning, a gentleman in Hampshire, walked three hundred miles in
less than five days. He started at the turnpike road four miles from
Basingstoke, at four in the morning, and went sixty miles in fourteen
hours. He finished his task two miles from Yeovil in Somersetshire, by
eleven at night, on the fifth day. He was apparently so little fatigued,
that probably he could have continued for several days; but in the course
of the journey, he lost twenty-six pounds in weight.

Mr. Rimmington, a farmer at Holt near Dorchester, in October 1811, walked
five hundred and sixty miles in seven days, at the rate of eighty miles
a day, for a wager of two hundred guineas. He was much emaciated by this
extraordinary exertion, and became very lame towards the close.

Lieutenant Halifax, of the Lancashire militia, walked two miles an hour
for one hundred successive hours, near Tiverton in Devon, in March 1808.
This was a great performance, as he could not have more than fifty
minutes rest at one time, during four days and nights. He was much
distressed: his legs were swollen, and his whole frame was exhausted. His
courage, however, never failed him; and he completed the task amidst the
shouts of the multitude that this extraordinary experiment had attracted.

Thomas Savager, who died in 1809, in the seventy-fifth year of his age,
was a noted pedestrian, although only five feet and four inches in
stature, and lame from his youth. In 1789, he undertook to walk four
hundred and four miles, in six days. The scene of his performance was on
the turnpike road from Hereford through Leominster to Ludlow; and he won
his wager within five hours of the time allowed. When the superfluous
ground over which he walked to his lodgings at Hereford, Ludlow, &c. was
added, it was found that he had walked not less than four hundred and
twenty-nine miles in five days and nineteen hours.

On the 18th of September 1811, Mr. Mealing, a gentleman of fortune in
Somersetshire, started to go five hundred and forty miles, at the rate
of thirty miles a day, for eighteen successive days, and to perform the
distance in eighteen different counties, which he accomplished, and won
five hundred guineas. He was reduced from fourteen stone eight pounds, to
twelve stone four pounds.

To walk one hundred miles within twenty-four hours may be considered an
extraordinary exertion; but that distance has been performed in that time
by several people: and a great deal more has been accomplished by some of
our most celebrated pedestrians.

Mr. Oliver, in July 1811, walked one hundred miles in twenty-three
hours and fifty minutes. He was much fatigued, but that he was not
entirely exhausted, was apparent from his going the last ten miles in
two hours.--Mr. Edward Millen, in July the previous year, accomplished
the same distance in twenty-three hours and twenty-five minutes.--But
we shall have occasion afterwards to record more difficult performances
than these; and, in the meantime, shall take notice of the feats of such
pedestrians as have evinced uncommon strength and agility, and who have
been distinguished by walking a long distance in a short time.

In September this year (1812), Jonathan Waring, a Lancashire pedestrian,
performed one hundred and thirty-six miles in thirty-four hours,
for a wager of one hundred guineas. He started from London to go to
Northampton, and return. He went the first fifty-five miles in twelve
hours, and half the distance in fourteen hours and a half. After resting
an hour and a half, he started on his return, and accomplished the whole
distance in three minutes less than the time allowed. He was excessively
fatigued.

But Glanville, a Shropshire man, accomplished a more extraordinary
performance in the year 1806. He walked one hundred and forty-two miles
on the Bath road in twenty-nine hours and three-quarters. He started from
the 14th mile-stone to go to the 85th, and back, at seven in the morning,
on the 26th of December, and arrived at his journey’s end next day, at a
quarter before one o’clock in the afternoon. He went off at the rate of
six miles an hour, and reached Twyford at five minutes past ten, where he
took a basin of soup. He refreshed again at Marlborough, and arrived at
the 85th mile-stone at ten minutes past eight in the evening. This part
of his journey was performed at the average rate of nearly five miles and
a half an hour. He returned a few miles on his way back, and refreshed
himself on a bed for an hour and a half, and reached Reading at a quarter
past six in the morning of the 27th. He had now twenty-five miles to
go in five hours and three-quarters, and appeared to be much fatigued.
After remaining twenty minutes, he renewed his task, and arrived at
his journey’s end at a quarter before one o’clock--winning, with great
difficulty, by a quarter of an hour.

This performance is the most extraordinary upon record, and bets
were seven to four, and two to one against him; but his strength and
perseverance overcame every difficulty, and thus enabled him to
accomplish the astonishing exploit.

On Friday, the 20th July 1804, John Bell, Esq. engaged to walk from Brook
Green to Hammersmith--a distance of fifty-eight miles--in fourteen hours,
for a bet of two hundred guineas; which he performed, with apparent ease,
in thirteen hours, and forty-five seconds.--A distance of sixty miles
was performed on the 18th of September, the same year, by a butcher
of Whitechapel, in eleven hours and a quarter, for a bet of seventeen
guineas.

On the 14th of August 1807, a distance of sixty-nine miles was performed
near Lyndhurst, in twelve hours, by Wall, a hawker, on the Bath road. He
was matched against Campbell of Dowton, Wilts, a man of local notoriety.
The pedestrians started about four miles from Christ Church, at eleven
o’clock, morning. By four, Wall had gone thirty-five miles. He was at
the same time passed by Campbell; but having rested for half an hour,
he overtook his opponent by nine o’clock. A severe struggle now ensued,
and they kept together until ten; when Wall made an extraordinary push,
and went nearly eight miles in the last hour, beating his adversary
by a mile and a half. In this match, the winner walked five miles and
three-quarters per hour on the average, including the time he refreshed,
which, allowing for the distance, must be considered a very extraordinary
effort.

In August 1809, Captain Walsham, of the Worcestershire regiment of
militia, walked the distance of sixty miles in twelve hours, with
ease; and afterwards rode thirty miles on two curricle horses, in two
successive hours, for a wager of one hundred and twenty guineas.

Mr. Hopper of Canterbury, walked sixty-three miles in eleven hours and
thirty-nine minutes. He started from the turnpike on St. Martin’s Hill,
and at the end of the first hour he had gone seven and a half miles:
second hour, eleven miles, including stoppage for breakfast: third hour,
and five minutes, twenty miles: fourth hour, twenty-six miles: fifth
hour, thirty-four miles: sixth hour, including dinner, thirty-five
miles: seventh hour, forty-one miles: eighth hour, forty-five miles:
ninth hour, fifty-one miles: tenth hour, fifty-five miles: eleventh
hour, sixty miles: and at thirty-eight and three-fourth minutes past the
eleventh hour, he finished sixty-three miles, apparently much fatigued.

A distance of fifty miles was performed in nine hours, on the 28th of
March 1811, by Clough, a groom, on the Bath road, for a wager of fifty
guineas. He regularly walked six miles an hour for the first five hours;
and his average rate of travelling was five miles, one half, and one
ninth part of a mile, per hour.--Eighty miles, at two starts, were
performed by Shoreham, a publican, on the 22d of April the same year.
He started from Paddington to go to Nettlebed, Oxfordshire, and to
return. He went forty miles in six hours and a half, and after resting
three hours, he accomplished the other forty miles in six hours and
forty minutes, having completed the distance in thirteen hours and ten
minutes, which was at the rate of more than six miles per hour.

On the 15th of April 1812, Lieut. Groats undertook for a wager of two
hundred guineas to go seventy-two miles in twelve hours. He went from
Blackfriars road to Canterbury, and thence back to Stroud. He performed
the first fourteen miles in two hours. When he had gone sixty miles he
was much fatigued, but by the aid of refreshment and rubbing, he was
enabled to proceed, and accomplished the distance within six minutes of
the time allowed.

Six miles per hour, for any distance from twenty-four to forty miles,
must be considered as very superior walking, although several of the most
celebrated pedestrians have exceeded that rate.--Mr. Pearson performed
thirty-seven miles in five hours and twenty-seven minutes, for a wager
of one hundred guineas. He started from Pimlico to go to Datchet-bridge
near Windsor, and return, at three o’clock in the morning of the 11th
July 1807. He went off on a shuffling walk, and stopt at Honslow at a
quarter past four, where he refreshed. He halted again at Colnbrook, at
twenty-five minutes past five, and reached Datchet-bridge in fifteen
minutes; half the distance having been performed in two hours and forty
minutes. As he had only gained a few minutes on time, bets were three
and two to one against him; but in returning, he quickened his pace, and
arrived at Honslow, at twenty-seven minutes past seven o’clock, much
fatigued.

On the 13th of January 1810, William Staniland walked fifty-four miles in
seven hours and three-quarters, for a wager of eighty guineas. He set off
from Driffield at seven in the morning to go to Hull, where he arrived at
half-past ten, and having gone round the statue in the market-place, he
returned to Driffield at a quarter before three, being fifteen minutes
within the time allowed.

Mr. Yardly accomplished forty-two miles in six hours and ten minutes,
which was nearly at the rate of seven miles an hour on the average. He
started in the morning of the 12th of June, and went twenty-one miles in
three hours; nineteen miles and a half in the other three hours; and the
remaining mile and a half in ten minutes.

Thomas Miller, of Cowford in Sussex, on the 7th of July 1795, walked
from the market-house at Horsham to Westminster Bridge--a distance of
thirty-six miles--in five hours and fifty minutes, with apparent ease.

John Jones, a Welchman, and William Williams, a Lancashire man, ran
thirty miles on the Hereford road, on Monday the 12th of June 1809, for a
wager of five hundred guineas. Williams had the better of his antagonist
for the first twenty miles; but Jones soon after passed him, and won the
race in three hours and three-quarters.

Spence, a chairman in Paisley, went from the cross of Glasgow to
Edinburgh--a distance of forty-two miles--in seven hours and twenty
minutes, without much apparent fatigue.

Mr. Ensor, clerk of Highgate Chapel, undertook, in September 1806, to
walk twenty-six miles in four hours, for a bet of fifty guineas. He
started from the first mile-stone at Hammersmith, at seven o’clock, and
went the first seven miles within the hour, and accomplished the whole
distance in three hours and forty-three minutes.

On the 26th of October 1805, Mr. King, an optician, undertook to walk the
same distance in the same time, for a bet of thirty guineas. He started
from the first mile-stone at Hammersmith, and reached the 17th, beyond
Colnbrook, in one hour and fifty minutes, and returned to the place
whence he had started seventeen minutes within his time, performing the
whole distance in three hours and forty-three minutes.

A bet of fifty guineas having been made between Captain Hare and Mr.
Cortey of Wigmore Street, that the latter should not go from Sevenoaks
to Blackfriars Bridge, in two hours and forty minutes, on the 17th of
April 1809;--the pedestrian started on the day appointed, and although
the weather was extremely unfavourable, he did nine miles in the first
hour, and eight miles and a half in the second. He had now forty minutes
to perform the remaining five miles and a half; the whole distance being
twenty-three miles. But the weather was so extremely severe as to beat
him to a stand-still a mile from the Bricklayers’ Arms, when he resigned.

On Friday the 4th June 1807, Mr. Stevens undertook to go from the
Woolpack at St. Albans, to Finsbury Square,--a distance of twenty-one
miles--in three hours, for a bet of four hundred and fifty guineas. He
started at a quarter before two o’clock in the morning, and arrived at
his journey’s end by four. He ran in the first hour, seven miles and a
half; in the second hour, ten miles; and in the last quarter, three miles
and a half.

A match for twenty miles was run on the 12th September 1809, on a piece
of chosen ground near Maidenhead, between Mr. Greig and Matthew Mark, for
fifty guineas a side. Mark took the lead at the rate of eight miles an
hour, closely followed by his antagonist. They were equal at ten miles,
having performed that distance in one hour and eight minutes. They both
made play here, and at nineteen miles were together; but Mr. Greig gained
by two minutes only. The race throughout was well contested; and the
whole distance was accomplished in two hours and twenty minutes.

Captain Thomson of the 74th regiment, while stationed at Aberdeen in the
year 1808, undertook to walk twenty-one miles in three hours. He started
on the 5th of May at the 7th mile-stone on the Ellon road, returning to
the 4th, until he should perform the distance, which he accomplished in
four minutes and a half less than the time allowed.

On the 22d of February 1812, James Watson, a glazier, for a wager of £10,
went from Whitechapel Church to Romford in Essex, and back, in three
hours, the distance being twenty-three miles. He started at six o’clock,
and reached Romford at twenty minutes past seven. Having refreshed ten
minutes, he started again on his return, and completed the distance in
four minutes less than the given time.

On the 11th of February 1812, Mr. Webber undertook, for a bet of one
hundred guineas, to ride nine miles within half an hour, and to run five
miles in another half hour. He started at Two-mile Brook, near Colnbrook,
Bucks, and performed the nine miles in a light sulky, in four minutes
less than the given time. He now started on his pedestrian match, and
went four miles in a few seconds less than twenty-four minutes, labouring
under great distress; but he recovered his wind, and won the match in six
seconds within the time.

Mr. Froward of Berkeley-street, on the 14th of April 1812, performed
thirty miles in three hours and fifty-three minutes, for a wager of
twenty guineas.




CHAPTER III.

THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.


To walk or run for two or three hours at the rate of eight miles an hour,
may be deemed extraordinary speed, conjoined to considerable strength and
command of WIND. But more than nine miles an hour have been accomplished
on a distance of twenty miles; and upwards of eight on a distance of
forty.

A man named Blewet from Crewkerne, Somersetshire, for a small wager,
undertook to go twenty-four miles in three hours. On the 5th of September
1808, he started at four o’clock from Shoreditch Church, and reached
Theobalds in Hertfordshire, at twenty minutes past six, having stopped
at Edmonton four or five minutes. He refreshed, and remained here ten
minutes, when he started on his return, and after stopping again
at Edmonton, arrived at the starting post at fifty-two minutes past
seven. Including stoppages, Blewet, who was a young man, performed the
twenty-four miles in two hours and thirty-four minutes, or at the rate of
more than nine miles an hour.

Mr. Harwood performed eighteen miles in two hours, on Monday the 26th of
October 1811, on the Bath road, for a wager of one hundred guineas.

Rickets, the celebrated Hampshire pedestrian, ran seventeen miles in
one hour and forty-nine minutes, for a wager of five guineas. The same
distance was performed on the 10th of October 1807, by a man of the name
of Keeley, fifty-four years of age, in one hour and fifty-seven minutes.
He started at six in the morning from Shoreditch Church to go to Ponder’s
End, and back again, being allowed two hours for the performance. He
reached Ponder’s End at six minutes before seven, and stopped ten minutes
to refresh, when he started again, and returned within three minutes of
his time.

In April the same year, a young man, named Whitlock, performed the same
distance in one hour and fifty minutes. He started from Shoreditch at
half-past five, and reached Ponder’s End at twenty minutes past six;
stopped there to refresh ten minutes, and returned to the starting post
at twenty minutes past seven o’clock, having gone, exclusive of the
stoppage, at the rate of somewhat more than ten miles an hour.

Twenty miles in two hours and twenty minutes have been performed by Howe,
Smith, Greig, and other celebrated pedestrians.--Eighteen miles were done
in one hour and fifty-three minutes by a youth of seventeen years of
age, named Bentley, on the 18th of June 1810. He started from the end of
Smithfield at five, and reached Whitestone ten minutes before six. After
taking some refreshment, he resumed his journey back, and arrived at the
starting post at seven minutes before seven o’clock.

In October 1808, Mr. Williams, steward to Mr. Crouch of Wigmore Street,
undertook to go twenty miles in two hours. He started at Hammersmith,
and notwithstanding the unfavourable state of the weather, he
accomplished the task in seven minutes less than the time allowed.

The distance of ten miles within an hour has been frequently performed,
and a shorter distance in proportionally less time.

About the beginning of last century, Levi Whitehead of Bramham in
Yorkshire, when in the twenty-second year of his age, ran four miles
over Bramham-moor in nineteen minutes, which was at the rate of somewhat
more than twelve miles in an hour. He was the swiftest runner of his
day, and won the buck’s head for several years at Castle Howard, given
by the earl of Carlisle. The five Queen Anne’s guineas given by William
Aisleby, Esq. of Studley, were won by him; on which occasion he beat ten
others who were selected to start against him. He lived to the age of one
hundred; and in his ninety-sixth year he frequently walked from Bramham
to Tadcaster, at the rate of four miles in the hour.

In the year 1771, Chr. Orton ran from Middleham to Richmond, Yorkshire,
in fifty-seven minutes. The distance is ten computed miles; the road
remarkably hilly; and several horses were much distressed to keep up with
him.

On the 13th of July 1793, John Barrett ran ten miles on Kersal Moor, near
Manchester, for a wager of twenty guineas, against Henry Wilkinson, from
Warrington in Lancashire, and beat him with ease, performing the distance
in fifty-seven minutes. He also, in the month of August following, beat
Wilson of Tenterden in Kent, on Barham Downs, in a match of five miles,
which he accomplished in twenty-seven minutes and nine seconds.

Mr. Haselden of Milton, in August 1809, undertook to go ten miles within
an hour, which he performed on the Canterbury road, between Key Street
and Chalkwell, with considerable ease, in fifty-three minutes;--and Mr.
O’Callagan ran the same number of miles on the Edgeware road, near the
village of Kilburn, in fifty-eight minutes and forty-seven seconds.

In June 1805, a match was run on the Uxbridge road, between Lieut. Warren
and Mr. Bindall, an artist, for fifty guineas. The distance was seven
miles; and they started at four in the morning. The lieutenant continued
to lead for four miles, when Mr. Bindall passed him, and won the bet,
by leaving his opponent a quarter of a mile behind, and performing the
distance in thirty-five minutes.

On the 10th of December 1808, a match for five miles took place between
Mr. George Frost of Horringer, and Mr. Richard Butters of Ixworth on the
Newmarket road, near Bury. The race was well contested, and won by Mr.
Frost, who performed the distance in thirty minutes.

In August 1805, the distance of four miles was performed in three
seconds less than twenty-one minutes, by James Farrer, of Lancashire, at
Knutsford, for a wager of two hundred guineas.

Captain Parfet undertook to run four miles in twenty-four minutes at
four starts, the whole however to be done within three-quarters of an
hour, which he accomplished on the Hampton road, on the 27th of December
1808. He ran the first mile in five minutes and a second. After waiting
five minutes he did the second mile in five minutes and a half; and the
third mile in six minutes and forty-nine seconds. Having rested twenty
minutes, the captain started again, and performed the fourth mile in five
seconds less than the time allowed. This gentleman stands only five feet
four inches, and is of thick stature.

On the 21st of July 1777, Joseph Headley of Riccal near York, ran two
miles on Knavesmire, in nine minutes and forty-five seconds, for a wager
of one hundred guineas. About a month before, he ran four miles over the
same ground in twenty-one minutes. He was allowed to be the swiftest
runner at that time in the kingdom.

Joseph Beal of Welburn Moor-houses, near Castle Howard, Yorkshire,
ran two miles in nine minutes and forty-eight seconds, on the York
race-course, the 9th September 1811, beating Isaac Hemsworth of Bolton in
Lancashire. Beal is one of the swiftest runners in the kingdom, and he
challenged all England for a four-mile match. The Lancashire men accepted
it, and were allowed one month to find an antagonist, and one month for
training him. The noted Abraham Wood was fixed upon as the competitor
of Beal. These pedestrians accordingly started about one o’clock, on
Wednesday the 13th of October. Wood took the lead, and kept it for nearly
a mile, when Beal passed him with ease. Wood again headed his opponent,
but before he reached the two-mile post, Beal passed him, and, keeping
the lead, won the race apparently with ease, beating Wood about two
hundred yards, and performing the whole distance in twenty-one minutes
and eighteen seconds. Beal is a youth only nineteen years of age, five
feet seven inches high, and weighs no more than nine stones and seven
pounds.

To run a mile within five minutes requires great agility, and none but
swift runners could accomplish it, yet that distance has frequently been
performed in less time.

Mr. Wallis, a gentleman residing in Jermyn Street, ran two miles in nine
minutes, at two starts, in February 1808. And on the 17th of the same
month, a mile was performed at one start by Mr. E. Haslern, in four
minutes and fifty seconds.--Captain Anning, on the 3d of March 1809, ran
a mile in the same time near Hampton, having been matched against a man
named Forbes, from Eaton, whom he beat by two hundred yards.--Captain
Hewetson ran two miles on the Uxbridge road, on the 21st of March 1809,
at two starts, in three seconds less than ten minutes, for a bet of fifty
guineas.--A mile was performed in four minutes and ten seconds, by John
Todd, a Scotchman, in 1803, who ran from Hyde Park corner to the first
mile-stone on the Uxbridge road.

On the 2d of May 1809, a match took place in Bayswater Fields, between
Captain Dacre and Mr. Dawes, for a mile. The bet was twenty guineas on
the contest between them, and another twenty that the captain should not
go the distance in five minutes. They started at the fire of a pistol,
and ran together until within a hundred yards of the end, when the
captain made a push, and won by about two lengths, the performance having
occupied four minutes and fifty-six seconds.

Mr. Francis Martin, Tewkesbury, ran half a mile in two minutes and eight
seconds, for a wager of one hundred guineas. The time allowed was two
minutes and a half. Bets were two to one against him at starting, but he
accomplished the task apparently with ease.

On Friday the 6th July 1804, a well contested match for a mile, took
place between Lord Frederic Bentinck, and the Hon. Edward Harbord, for
a bet of one hundred guineas. The ground chosen, was from the second to
the third mile stone on the Edgeware road; and they started about three
o’clock, P. M. The race was closely run for more than half the way,
when Mr. Harbord, owing to superior strength, gained considerably on
his antagonist, whom he left at a great distance behind. The mile was
accomplished in five minutes and a few seconds. On Tuesday following, his
lordship ran a match against Mr. Mellish over the Beacon Course for fifty
guineas, which he also lost by about fifty yards; Mr. Mellish having
performed the distance in thirty-eight minutes and ten seconds.

On the 1st of June the following year, Mr. Harbord again entered the
lists as a swift runner, against Lord F. Beauclerk. They started in
Lord’s cricket-ground; but the distance being only a hundred yards, and
his lordship getting the advantage at first, Mr. Harbord was unable to
make up in so short a space, and lost the match by two yards.--But he
afterwards ran the same distance against Mr. Lambert, whom he beat almost
without a struggle. On the 15th of July 1807, Lord F. Beauclerk beat the
Hon. Mr. Brand in a short race, in Lord’s cricket-ground, the latter
gentleman becoming quite WINDED[17] before he had run fifty paces.

The Hon. Colonel Douglas of the Forfarshire militia, is a swift runner.
He accomplished a mile within five minutes, and has performed shorter
distances with great celerity.

Curley, better known by the title of the BRIGHTON SHEPHERD, is a swift
runner for a short space. He ran a mile at four starts in four minutes,
on Clapham Common, in October 1807. He was beat, however, by Grinley
the boot-closer. They ran a match, in November 1805, of one hundred and
twenty yards, on the walk leading to the gates of Kensington Garden,
which was accomplished in twelve seconds and a half, Grinley beating his
antagonist by half a yard. On the 25th of August next year, they again
ran one hundred and twenty yards at Hampton Court Green, for a bet of
one hundred and twenty guineas, which Grinley also gained by two yards,
performing the distance in twelve seconds. Curley was more fortunate in a
match which took place on the 22d of June 1807, with Cooke the soldier,
whom he beat by two yards, on a distance of one hundred and forty.

Cooke performed two hundred yards in twenty seconds, on the 19th
September 1808. He entered into a match with a gentleman of the name of
Williams, to run that distance in Lord’s cricket-ground, for a wager of
fifty guineas. They both started at the same instant, and kept together
for the first hundred yards, when Cooke took the lead until they did
fifty more. Mr. Williams then came up with him, and they ran elbow to
elbow for another forty yards. Cooke again took the lead, and kept it to
the winning-post, beating his adversary by a yard and a half.

Lieutenant Hawkey, and Mr. Snowden of Nottingham Street, ran a well
contested match on the 14th of November 1808, for a bet of fifty guineas,
which was gained by the latter gentleman.--And Skewball, the famous
Lancashire shepherd, performed one hundred and forty yards in twelve
seconds, near Hackney, in February 1808.

Captain Aiken has acquired considerable celebrity as a swift runner, and
for any distance under five miles, his performances have been seldom
exceeded. He undertook three matches for fifty guineas each: 1st, To run
one hundred yards within twelve seconds; 2d, To go two hundred yards
in twenty-eight seconds; and, 3d, To do a quarter of a mile in one
minute and twenty seconds. He started on the Uxbridge road, on the 23d
of June 1809; and the first match he lost by a second; the next he won
with difficulty; and the third, he gained by two seconds. He performed
a quarter of a mile on the Twickenham road, in one minute and fifteen
seconds; and on the 26th of July 1809, he started for two bets of
twenty guineas each; first, to go a mile in five minutes, and after an
interval of one minute, to run a mile against Mr. Sullivan. The first he
accomplished in two seconds under the time; and the second he performed
in five minutes and twenty-five seconds, beating his antagonist by about
one hundred yards. In the month of November the same year, he ran four
miles on a spot of ground near Maidenhead, in twenty-three minutes and
fifty seconds, for a wager of one hundred guineas. On the 5th January
1810, Captain Aiken beat Mr. Athol by one hundred yards on a mile,
which he performed in five minutes and twelve seconds; and on the 19th
of November, he did five miles in twenty-nine minutes and fifty-four
seconds, for a wager of fifty guineas. He also performed one mile and a
half within eight minutes, on the 4th of March 1812, at Ashford, for a
bet of one hundred guineas.

Lieutenant Fairman is a noted pedestrian, but his performances are not so
astonishing as those of many others, who of late years have distinguished
themselves either by their great strength, or uncommon agility. He is
remarkable, however, for undergoing a great deal of fatigue without any
refreshment.

He took a bet of one hundred guineas with Colonel Lockhart, that he would
go sixty miles in fourteen hours, on Friday the 9th November 1804.
A single mile of the race-course at Ipswich was measured off, and he
started at two o’clock in the morning. He went the first seventeen miles
at the rate of nearly six miles an hour, when he refreshed. He then went
off in good style, and did thirty-two miles, including the stoppage, in
six hours. He halted here for some time, having been rubbed down with hot
towels, his feet soaked in warm water, and his body bathed all over with
spirits. He shifted his clothes and breakfasted. He again started about
twenty minutes before nine, to perform the remaining twenty-eight miles.
He went twelve miles farther, when he halted for a few seconds, and ate a
piece of bread steeped in Madeira. This stage was finished in about three
hours, which left him four hours and a half to the last sixteen miles. He
stopt once more at the end of ten miles, and took a small piece of bread
as before. He had now only six miles to go, which he did in one hour and
forty-eight minutes, accomplishing the whole distance in thirteen hours
and thirty-three minutes.

During the performance of this match, Lieutenant Fairman, contrary to the
practice of other pedestrians, refused to take animal food. His breakfast
was tea and toast, and when he stopt to refresh, he ate only a small
piece of bread steeped in Madeira.

On the 12th January 1808, he performed upwards of twenty miles in four
minutes less than three hours. He started from Cumberland Gate precisely
at eleven minutes past ten o’clock, to go to Harrow, and back, which he
accomplished by seven minutes past one.

This gentleman’s style of walking is peculiar, and therefore deserves to
be mentioned. “His arms are compressed, and pinioned close to his sides,
and their weight is supported by a loop pendent from each shoulder, into
which he places his thumbs.”

Lieutenant Fairman carried his pedestrian spirit into the regions of the
torrid zone, and in defiance of a tropical climate and a vertical sun, he
entered the list’s with a Mr. Grant, of the colony of Curacao, (August
1808) whom he completely ran down in two hours and twenty-five minutes,
having gone upwards of eleven miles without halting or refreshing. His
adversary, who is a native of the Indies, presumed on being able to
bear the violence of the heat better than Mr. Fairman, and consequently
appointed twelve o’clock mid-day, for the commencement of the contest.
But he was mistaken, and obliged to acknowledge the superiority of the
European pedestrian, who candidly confessed that although he had been
successful, yet he experienced more distress from this performance than
he had ever done in Europe, in accomplishing feats of infinitely greater
speed and continuance.

Captain Agar may be considered one of the most celebrated pedestrians of
the present day, either for a short or a long distance; and he lately
accomplished a very arduous undertaking. On the 13th of June 1809, he
matched himself for one hundred guineas, to go five miles within half
an hour, and to walk, heel and toe, the first five minutes; which he
performed on the Staines road with considerable ease. But his greatest
feat was the accomplishment of fifty-nine miles in eight hours and a
half, which took place on Tuesday the 7th of April 1812. He started
from his residence in Kensington, to go to Blackwater in Hampshire,
and return, for a stake of two hundred guineas. He arrived at Ashford
Common in two hours and ten minutes (seventeen miles,) and refreshed at
Englefield Green, in five minutes less than three hours from starting,
(twenty-one miles.) He continued steadily going on until he did half
the journey in four hours and four minutes. After being well rubbed, he
resumed his undertaking, and went seven miles an hour tolerably true,
but was much distressed during the last two hours. He completed the
distance, however, winning his match by three minutes within time, so
that the fifty-nine miles were accomplished in exactly eight hours and
twenty-seven minutes.

Captain Agar also lately performed a very extraordinary undertaking. He
matched himself for a bet of two hundred guineas to go three hundred
miles in four days. He started from the Edgeware road on the 1st of June,
and did ninety miles within the first twenty-four hours; eighty the
second day; seventy-two the third; and fifty on the fourth day. He was
much distressed during the last day’s performance.

Mr. Jaques, on the 3d of October 1807, walked fifty miles in eight hours,
near Honslow Heath. He went nearly seven miles the first hour; thirteen,
in two hours; twenty in three hours; and the remainder, in two hours.
Half the distance was performed in three hours and fifty minutes; and
Mr. Jaques won his match, quite fresh, although he appeared to be much
fatigued when he had gone only thirty miles.

With the exception of Captain Barclay, Abraham Wood, of Mildrew in
Lancashire, holds the first rank among pedestrians. He is a remarkably
fine, tall, well-made man, and is not only a swift runner, but is also
possessed of good WIND and great BOTTOM. In April 1802, he ran against
John Brown of Yorkshire, four miles on the York course, for one hundred
guineas, which he won in twenty minutes and twenty-one seconds. Wood
was the favourite, and the bets were five to one on his success. Brown,
however, five years before, (the 16th January 1797,) beat Wood in a race
of four miles, near Knavesmire, by about a distance, having performed
the whole in twenty-one minutes and thirty-five seconds. But some liquor
having been given to Wood just before starting, he fell sick at the
three-mile-stone, and, owing to this circumstance, it was supposed he
lost the match. On the 23d of August 1802, he ran four miles for four
hundred guineas, against William Williams of Ruglyn in Glamorganshire,
over Lautrissent Course in Wales, which he won easily. Betting was even
at starting, but after running two miles, twenty to one were offered on
Wood.

On Monday the 14th of June 1806, a match for four hundred guineas
was decided between Wood and Jonathan Powlitt, a famous Lancashire
pedestrian, in favour of the former. The parties started to run five
times round what is called the four-mile course at Doncaster; and for the
first mile they ran elbow to elbow; after which, Wood took the lead for
about forty yards, and continued so till nearly the four-mile winning
post, when Powlitt made an exertion, passed him, and led for about ten
yards, when Wood again took the lead, apparently with ease, and, passing
his antagonist several yards, continued to leave him for the remaining
three rounds.

Wood did not appear to be the least distressed, and ran the distance in
fifty-one minutes and twenty-four seconds, Powlitt being nearly a minute
longer. The distance was exactly nine miles, one-quarter, and three
hundred yards; twice round the course at Doncaster being three miles,
three quarters, and thirty-two yards.

The rounds were as under:

  First time round the course, 10 min. 12 sec.
  Second do.                   10 do.  23 do.
  Third do.                    10 do.   8 do.
  Fourth do.                   10 do.  23 do.
  Fifth do.                    10 do.  18 do.
                               ---------------
                        Total, 51 min. 24 sec.

Before starting, and in returning the first round, bets were two to one
on Wood; in the second round, five to two, and three to one; in the third
round, five and six to one; and afterwards, twenty to one on Wood.

In October following, Wood undertook to run twenty miles in two hours and
a quarter, which he performed on the Brighton course with great facility
in two hours, five minutes, and a few seconds. He ran the first ten miles
in one hour and one minute, which turned the betting in his favour; for
at starting, it was greatly against him. A few days afterwards, he ran a
quarter of a mile in a minute, and performed it with apparent ease about
a second within the time.

On Thursday the 16th of April 1807, this noted pedestrian ran forty
miles over Newmarket heath, in four hours and fifty-six minutes, being
four minutes within the time allowed to perform the match. He ran the
first eight miles in forty-eight minutes, and the first twenty miles in
two hours and seven minutes. The stake, it is said, was five hundred
guineas; and, during the race, the odds were two and three to one in
his favour. He ran without shoes or stockings, and had only a pair of
flannel drawers, and a jacket upon him. He did not at any time appear to
be fatigued, and few of the riders were able to keep their horses up with
him.

Wood’s next sporting performance was his match with Captain Barclay,
in which he failed. But as a particular account of that match shall
be given, when we treat of Captain Barclay’s performances, it is
not requisite at present to notice it farther. On the 12th of May
1809, Wood gained a severe and well contested race with Shipley from
Nottinghamshire. It was run over Knutsford Heath--the distance four
hundred and forty yards, which was performed in fifty-six seconds;
and so close were the competitors, that the judges were for some time
doubtful to which of them they should assign the stake, (being two
hundred guineas); but finally it was determined in favour of Wood. On the
9th September 1811, Wood ran a two-mile match with Joseph Beal, which he
lost, as previously mentioned in page 76.

Of all the celebrated pedestrians of the present day, Captain Barclay
is deservedly the most famous, both from the variety and difficult
accomplishment of his performances;--and the next Chapter shall be
devoted to his astonishing exploits, of which a particular and faithful
account shall be presented to the reader.

    N. B.--The Author is indebted chiefly to the _Sporting Magazine_,
    which is an entertaining and valuable publication, for the
    particulars relative to the pedestrians whose performances are
    recorded in this and the previous chapter.

TABLE containing the Names of the Pedestrians, the Distances they
performed, and the Time they required, with the Year of performance, &c.

  _Year_    _Name_              _Dist._  _Days_ _Hrs._ _Min._ _Sec._ _Pag._
                             _Miles_
                                   _Yards_

  1788   Mr. John Batty,       700         13     19                  48

  1773   -- Foster Powell,     396          6                         45

  1778   -- Foster Powell,     390          5     19     15           46

  1790   -- Foster Powell,     396          5     18                  47

  1792   -- Foster Powell,     396          5     15                  47

  1808   -- Downes,            400         10                         49

  1808   -- Podgers,           400          8                         51

  1808   -- Dowler,            500          7                         51

  1808   -- Howe,              346          6                         51

  1809   -- Canning,           300          5                         53

  1811   -- Rimmington,        560          7                         53

  1811   -- Mealing,           540         18                         54

  1789   -- Thomas Savager,    429          5     19                  54

  1792   -- Eustace,           200          4                         49

  1806   -- Joseph Edge,       172          2      1     20           48

  1806   -- Glanville,         142          1      5     45           56

  1812   -- Waring,            136          1            10           56

  1782   -- Eustace,            90          1                         49

         -- Robert Bartley,     81                       24           44

  1787   -- Reed,              100                       24           45

  1791   -- Reed,               50                 9                  45

  1762   -- John Hague,        100         23     15                  45

  1787   -- Foster Powell,     109         23     50                  47

  1788   -- Foster Powell,     100         22                         47

  1809   -- Downes,             90         22                         50

  1809   -- Downes,             72         19                         50

  1808   -- Howe,               80         24                         52

  1812   -- Howe,               60         12                         52

  1808   Lieutenant Halifax,     2        100 successive              53

  1811   Mr. Oliver,           100         23     50                  55

  1810   -- Edward Millen,     100         23     25                  55

  1807   -- Wall,               69         12                         58

  1809   Captain Walsham,       60         12                         59

  1809   Mr. Hopper,            63         11     39                  59

  1811   -- Clough,             50          9                         60

  1811   -- Shoreham,           80         13     10                  60

  1810   -- William Staniland,  54          7     45                  62

  1804   A Butcher of London,   60         11     15                  62

  1804   John Bell, Esq.        58         13                   45    58

  1804   Lieutenant Fairman,    60         13     33                  83

  1812   Captain Agar,          59          8     27                  86

  1807   Mr. Jaques,            50          8                         88

  1812   Lieutenant Groats,     72         12                         61

  1774   Mr. Reed,              10                 1                  45

  1762   -- Child,              44                 7     57           45

  1809   -- Downes,             20                 2     40           50

  1802   -- Howe,               20                 2     20           52

  1807   -- Pearson,            37                 5     27           61

  1810   -- Yeardley,           42                 6     10           62

  1795   -- Thomas Miller,      36                 5     50           63

  1809 { John Jones,          } 30                 3     45           63
       { William Williams,    }

  1812   Mr. Froward,           30                 3     53           67

  1806   -- Enson Clerk,        26                 3     43           63

  1805   -- King,               26                 3     43           64

  1809   -- Cortey,             17½                2                  64

  1807   -- Stevens,            21                 2     15           65

  1809   -- Greig,              20                 2     20           66

  1812   -- James Watson,       23                 2     56           66

  1808   Captain Thomson,       21                 2     55           66

         Mr. Spence,            42                 7     20           63

  1808   -- Blewet,             24                 2     34           69

  1811   -- Harwood,            18                 2                  70

         -- Rickets,            17                 1     49           70

  1807   -- Keeley,             17                 1     37           70

  1807   -- Whitclock,          17                 1     50           71

  1810   -- Bentley,            18                 1     53           71

  1808   -- Williams,           20                 1     53           71

  1808   Lieutenant Fairman,    20                 2     56           85

  1806   Abraham Wood,          20                 2      5           91

  1807   Abraham Wood,          40                 4     56           92

  1776   Mr. Foster Powell,      2                       10     30    47

  1700   -- Levi Whitehead,      4                       19           72

  1771   -- Chr. Orten,         10                       57           73

  1793   -- John Barrett,       10                       57           73

  1793   -- John Barrett,        5                       27      9    73

  1809   -- Haselden,           10                       53           73

  1809   -- O’Callagan,         10                       58     47    74

  1805   -- Bindall,             7                       35           74

  1805   -- James Farrer,        4                       20     57    74

  1808   Mr. George Frost,       5                       30           74

  1808   Captain Parfet,         4                       23     55    75

  1777   Mr. Joseph Headley,     2                        9     45    75

  ----   -- Joseph Headley,      4                       21           75

  1812   -- Webber,              4                       24           67

  1811 { Joseph Beal,        }   2                        9     43    75
       { Isaac Hemsworth,    }

  1811 { Joseph Beal,        }   2                       21     18    76
       { Abraham Wood,       }

  1808   Mr. Wallis,             1                        9           77

  1808   -- E. Haslern,          1                        4     50    77

  1809   Captain Anning,         1                        4     50    77

  1809   Captain Hewetson,       2                        9     57    77

  1803   Mr. John Todd,          1                        4     10    77

  1809 { Captain Dacre,      }   1                        4     56    78
       { Mr. Dawes,          }

  1804 { The Hon. Ed.        }   1                        5           78
       {   Harbord,          }
       { Lord Freder.        }
       {   Bentinck,         }

  1804 { Mr. Mellish[A],     }                           38     10    79
       { Lord F. Bentinck,   }

  1807   Mr. Curley,
         (_at 4 starts_)         1                        4           80

  1809   Captain Aiken[B],       1                        4     58    82

       { Captain Aiken[B],   }   1                        5     25    82
       { Mr. Sullivan,       }

         Hon. Colonel Douglass,  1                        5           80

  1809   Captain Aiken,          4                       23     50    83

  1810 { Captain Aiken,      }   1                        5     12    83
       { Mr. Athol,          }

  1810   Captain Aiken,          5                       29     54    83

  1812   Captain Aiken,          1  870                   8           83

  1809   Captain Agar,           5                       30           86

  1802   Mr. Abraham Wood,       4                       20     21    88

  1806 { Mr. Abraham Wood,   }   9  735                  51     24    89
       { -- Jonathan Powlitt,}

  1797 { Mr. John Brown,     }   4                       21     35    89
       { -- Abraham Wood,    }

  1809   Mr Francis Martin,         870                   2      8    78

  1805 { Mr. Grinley,        }      120                         12½   80
       { -- Curley,          }

  1806 { -- Grinley,         }      120                         12    81
       { -- Curley,          }

  1808 { -- Cooke,           }      200                         20    81
       { -- Williams,        }

  1808 { Lieutenant Hawkey,  }                                        81
       { Mr. Snowden,        }

  1808   Mr. Andrew Skewball,       140                         12    82

  1809   Captain Aiken,             100                         13    82

         Captain Aiken,             200                         28    82

         Captain Aiken,             435                   1     18    82

         Captain Aiken,             435                   1     15    83

  1806   Abraham Wood,              435                         59    91

  1809   Abraham Wood,              440                         56    92

[A] Over the Beacon Course.

[B] Run with one minute interval between the two starts.




CHAPTER IV.

CAPTAIN BARCLAY’S PUBLIC AND PRIVATE MATCHES.


Captain Barclay early displayed a strong predilection for the manly
sports, and when only fifteen years of age, he entered into a match with
a gentleman in London to walk six miles within an hour, fair TOE AND
HEEL, for one hundred guineas, which he accomplished on the Croydon road,
in the month of August 1796.

His next performance took place two years after, (August 1798) and he was
equally successful. He matched himself against Ferguson, a celebrated
walking clerk in the city, to go from Fenchurch Street, London, to the
10th mile-stone beyond Windsor, and back. Capt. Barclay performed the
distance (seventy miles), notwithstanding the heat of the weather, in
fourteen hours, beating the clerk several miles.

In December the year following, he accomplished one hundred and fifty
miles in two days, having walked from Fenchurch Street to Birmingham,
round by Cambridge. A few days afterwards, he returned in the same time
by the way of Oxford.

In November 1800, he walked sixty-four miles in twelve hours, including
the time requisite for taking refreshment. He started from Ury at twelve
at night, and went to Ellon in Aberdeenshire, where he breakfasted,
and returned by twelve mid-day. This walk was performed as a trial
preparatory to a match he had undertaken to accomplish in December
following. He had engaged to go ninety miles in twenty-one hours
and a half, for a bet of five hundred guineas, with Mr. Fletcher of
Ballingshoe, a gentleman of TURF notoriety; but unfortunately, he caught
cold after one of his SWEATS while training, and became so ill, that he
was unable to start on the day appointed, and the match of course was
lost.

Capt. Barclay, next year, 1801, appeared very conspicuously in the annals
of the sporting world. He again betted with Mr. Fletcher, that he would
walk ninety miles in twenty-one and a half successive hours. The bet
was two thousand guineas, and the ground chosen for the performance of
the match was the line of road from Brechin to Forfar, in the county
of Angus. He accomplished sixty-seven miles in thirteen hours; but
having incautiously drank some brandy, he became instantly sick, and
consequently unable to proceed. He now renounced the bet, and the umpire
retired; but after two hours rest, he completely recovered, and could
easily have finished the remainder of the distance within the time.

In June the same year, he walked from Ury to Boroughbridge in Yorkshire,
in five days, a distance of three hundred miles, notwithstanding the heat
of the weather, which was then very oppressive.

Although Capt. Barclay had lost two considerable bets with Mr. Fletcher
of Ballingshoe, he was still confident of being able to perform ninety
miles in twenty-one hours and a half; and again matched himself to go the
distance within that time, for five thousand guineas, to be decided in
the month of November.

He immediately went into training under Mr. Smith, an old farmer on Lord
Faulconberg’s estate, who was reckoned very knowing in all sporting
science, and very skilful in the best mode of training for pedestrian
feats. In the month of October, he made an experimental trial in his
lordship’s park, and went one hundred and ten miles in nineteen hours
and twenty-seven minutes. The state of the weather was extremely
unfavourable, as it rained all day, and he was up to the ancles in mud.
Considering every circumstance, this performance may be deemed the
greatest upon record, being at the rate of upwards of one hundred and
thirty-five miles in twenty-four hours.

By the agreement, Capt. Barclay was to give Mr. Fletcher eight days
notice of the day on which he was to start. The time was accordingly
fixed for Tuesday the 10th of November; and the ground on which the bet
was to be decided, was the space of one mile on the high road between
York and Hull, about sixteen miles from the former place. The contracting
parties measured the ground, and a post was fixed at the end of the
mile. In turning this post, it required a pace and a half additional
each mile, which were not taken into the measurement. Persons were
stationed at the winning post to notch down the rounds, and to observe
that every thing was done in a fair manner. On each side of the road,
a number of lamps were placed for the purpose of giving light during
the darkness of the night. On Monday evening, Capt. Barclay appeared on
the ground, accompanied by several of his friends, a few minutes before
twelve o’clock; and Mr. Fletcher also attended. Precisely at twelve, six
stop watches were set, and put into a box at the winning end, which
was sealed. At the same time, Capt. Barclay started. He was dressed
in a flannel close shirt, flannel trowsers and night-cap, lambs’-wool
stockings, and thick-soled leather shoes.

He went the two first miles in twenty-five minutes and ten seconds, and
continued nearly at the same rate till he had gone sixteen miles, when he
halted. The house into which he went to refresh, was situated near the
right side of the course, about ten yards from the road-side, which, in
going and coming, made twenty yards, not included in the measurement. He
remained about ten minutes in taking refreshment and changing clothes,
when he proceeded with his match, went fifteen miles more, and then
refreshed and changed as before.

At seven in the morning, which was rather hazy, Capt. Barclay appeared to
be somewhat dull from the dampness of the night air. Betting, however,
was two to one, and five to two in his favour. After refreshing, he was
more cheerful, and went sixteen miles more, with much apparent strength,
going each two miles in about twenty-five minutes and twenty seconds. By
eleven, he had gone fifty miles, and appeared to proceed on his course
with great ease and vigour.--Betting was now four and five to one in his
favour.

When he had gone sixty miles, he stopped to refresh, and change clothes.
He remained about ten minutes in the house, and came out in high
spirits, with much cheerfulness in his countenance. Betting was now in
his favour six and seven to one. He proceeded till he had gone seventy
miles, scarcely varying in regularly performing each round of two miles
in twenty-five minutes and a half, when he again refreshed and changed
clothes. He appeared well and strong, and resumed his match in a gallant
style.

He refreshed twice more, and performed the whole distance by twenty-two
minutes four seconds past eight o’clock on Tuesday evening, being one
hour, seven minutes, and fifty-six seconds within the specified time.

When he had finished, he was so strong and hearty, and in fact so well,
that he could have continued for several hours longer, and might have
gone twenty or thirty miles farther.--Thousands of spectators on foot
and on horseback, attended during the course of his walking, and he was
loudly huzzaed, and carried on the shoulders of the multitude.

In August 1802, Capt. Barclay walked from Ury to Dr. Grant’s house at
Kirkmichael, a distance of eighty miles, where he remained a day and
night, (but without going to bed,) and came back to Ury by dinner on the
third day, returning by Crathynaird, which lengthened the journey twenty
miles. The roads over which he performed this journey, were extremely
rugged, being through the mountainous parts of Aberdeenshire, and the
distance altogether was one hundred and eighty miles.

In June next year, he undertook to run a match for a mile and a half
against Burke, the celebrated pugilist, whom he beat with ease. In
the month of July, he walked from Suffolk Street, Charing Cross, to
Newmarket, in ten hours, in one of the hottest days of the season. The
distance is sixty-four miles, and he was allowed twelve hours to perform
it, which he did in two hours less.

In December following, he first appeared in the sporting world as a
swift runner. He had performed long journies beyond the power of any man
living, which was attributed to his great strength and bottom; but it
was generally supposed that he did not possess fleetness sufficient to
enable him to cope with any of the first-rate runners. The KNOWING ONES,
however were deceived; for Capt. Barclay proved, that even at a very
short distance, he had few competitors. He started in Hyde Park to run
a quarter of a mile against Mr. John Ward, and bets were two to one in
favour of his antagonist. Ward took the lead, and kept it for the first
three hundred yards. Capt. Barclay then beat up, and they ran the next
hundred yards neck and neck. In the last forty, Ward lost ten yards; and
Capt. Barclay accomplished the whole distance, four hundred and forty
yards, in fifty-six seconds,--Mr. Fletcher Reid and the Hon. B. Craven,
were the umpires.

In March 1804, Capt. Barclay undertook, for a wager of two hundred
guineas, to walk twenty-three miles in three hours. It was intended that
he should start in Hertfordshire, and finish at the Royal Exchange,
London. But unfortunately, on the day appointed he was taken ill, and
consequently lost his stake. The sporting world were thus disappointed;
and any odds would have been laid that he should have completed the task.

On Thursday the 16th of August, Capt. Barclay, who was then a lieutenant
in the 23d regiment of foot, and quartered at East Bourne in Suffolk,
engaged to run two miles in twelve minutes. He accomplished this
undertaking with apparent ease, in two seconds and a half within the
time. The arduousness of the task was greatly increased by the excessive
rain which had fallen during the two preceding days, and a high wind that
blew in his face. He ran the first mile in five minutes.

On the 18th of the following month, a match, to run one mile for one
hundred guineas, was performed at East Bourne between Capt. Barclay and
Capt. Marston of the 48th regiment. Both gentlemen were such celebrated
pedestrians, that the race attracted some hundreds of spectators, and
a great deal of money was sported. Capt. Marston being known by the
regiment as a swift runner, found many to back him. They started at an
early hour. Capt. Barclay suffered his competitor to take the lead, and
keep it for a short distance, when he passed him, and continued a-head
to the end of the race, which he accomplished in five minutes and seven
seconds, notwithstanding the intense heat of the day. Mr. Fletcher
Reid attended as the umpire. At the same place, Capt. Barclay ran a
mile against John Ireland of Manchester, one of the swiftest runners
in that quarter, on the 12th of October, for a bet of five hundred
guineas. Ireland gave in at three-fourths of the mile; but Capt. Barclay
performed the whole distance in four minutes and fifty seconds.

In 1805, Capt. Barclay performed two long walks, at the rate of more
than six miles an hour. In March, he went from Birmingham to Wrexham in
North Wales, by Shrewsbury,--a distance of seventy-two miles,--between
breakfast and dinner. And in July following, he walked from Suffolk
Street, Charing Cross, to Seaford in Sussex--a distance of sixty-four
miles--in ten hours.

In June this year, he had entered into a match with Capt. Cook, to take
place on the 19th, at Epsom course. As both gentlemen were celebrated
runners, a great concourse of people assembled, among whom were many
fashionable females. Capt. Cook did not make his appearance, but Capt.
Barclay, more punctual to his engagements, came forward, and ran
triumphantly over the ground, winning the whole of his bets, which were
very considerable.

In June this year, (1806) Capt. Barclay walked from Suffolk Street,
Charing Cross, to Colchester in Essex--a distance of fifty-five
miles--without stopping to breakfast. In the course of the day, he rowed
from Gravesend, and back.

On Monday the 4th August this year, a match took place between Capt.
Barclay and Mr. Goulbourne, late of the Royal Horse Guards. The celebrity
of the two gentlemen raised the expectations of all the amateurs; and
the distance being only a quarter of a mile, made the odds in favour of
Mr. Goulbourne, which were about six to four at starting. Capt. Barclay
immediately took the lead, his opponent keeping close behind him for the
first three hundred yards, which were run in great style: But here Mr.
Goulbourne’s strength entirely failed him, and Capt. Barclay ran the
remainder of the distance alone. He performed the whole four hundred and
forty yards in one minute and two seconds.--This race was performed in
Lord’s cricket ground, Mary-le-bone.

In December this year, Capt. Barclay accomplished the arduous performance
of one hundred miles in nineteen hours, over the worst road in the
kingdom, and just at the break of a severe storm. He started from Ury to
go to Crathynaird, and back. He went to Charlton of Aboyne, (twenty-eight
miles) in four hours, where he stopped ten minutes; then went forward
to Crathynaird, (twenty-two miles,) where he remained fifty minutes. He
then returned to Charlton, where he refreshed for thirty minutes, when
he proceeded to Ury, and completed the whole distance in nineteen hours.
Exclusive of stoppages, the distance was performed in seventeen hours and
a half, or at the rate of about five miles and three-quarters each hour,
on the average.

Capt. Barclay was attended in this walk by his servant, William Cross,
who also performed the distance in the same time. In the month of
December 1808, Cross walked one hundred miles in nineteen hours and
seventeen minutes on the Aberdeen road, near Stonehaven. He stands five
feet and eight inches, is well made, and active, and may be considered a
first-rate pedestrian.

In May next year, (1807,) Capt. Barclay walked seventy-eight miles in
fourteen hours, over the hilly roads of Aberdeenshire. He left Ury at
two o’clock morning, to attend a sale of cattle at a place four miles
beyond the Boat of Forbes on the Don, a river in Aberdeenshire, where he
remained five hours, but walked in the fields several miles, and returned
home by nine at night.--In this year, his famous match, for two hundred
guineas, with Abraham Wood, the celebrated Lancashire pedestrian, took
place.

It was settled in the month of July, that the parties were to go as great
a distance as they could in twenty-four hours--and Capt. Barclay was to
be allowed twenty miles at starting--to be decided at Newmarket on the
following 12th of October--play or pay.

On the day appointed, this match attracted the greatest concourse
of people ever assembled at Newmarket, in the memory of the oldest
inhabitant. Carriages of every description were innumerable, from the
barouche and four, to the dicky cart, and the horsemen and pedestrians
exceeded all accurate calculation of numbers. The place chosen for the
performance of this extraordinary match, was a single measured mile on
the left-hand side of the turnpike-road leading from Newmarket to London,
towards the ditch; which mile was roped in, and both competitors ran on
the same ground.

They started precisely at eight o’clock on Monday morning, but after
going forty miles, Wood resigned the contest, which created considerable
surprize among the amateurs.--The following is an accurate account of the
race.

     Mr. Wood.           Capt. Barclay.

  Hours.    Miles.      Hours.    Miles.

    1         8           1         6
    2         7           2         6
    3         7           3         6
    4         6½          4         6
    5         6           5         6
    6         5½          6         6
           --------              --------
             40 miles.             36 do.

When the pedestrians had performed the above number of hours, Wood
resigned the contest; but Capt. Barclay walked four miles farther to
decide some bets. Wood made play at starting, and went eight miles within
the first hour, as appears from the foregoing statement. For three hours
he continued at a lounging run, when the odds, which were about three to
one at starting, were reduced to about seven to four. He got off one mile
in the first half hour, having performed four miles in one minute less
than that time. He accomplished twenty miles in two hours and forty-one
minutes; and by coming in the twenty-two miles within three hours, he
had got off four miles of the twenty he had given to Capt. Barclay, and
both pedestrians came in together. After having gone twenty-four miles in
three hours and sixteen minutes, Wood took refreshment for five minutes
in a marquee at the starting post, opposite to that of his competitor.
After having gone thirty-two miles, he laid himself down and rested for
ten minutes, appearing to be somewhat fatigued. His ancles and body were
rubbed, and on leaving his marquee, he appeared without his shoes. The
next four miles he slackened his pace, and was above twenty minutes in
going two miles. Wood’s feet were cut by travelling without his shoes,
and he put them on; but after having gone forty miles in six hours and
twenty minutes, he retired to his marquee: and shortly after, it was
communicated to the spectators that he had resigned the match.

Capt. Barclay pursued a steady course of six miles an hour, without
varying a minute. After having gone eighteen miles he stopped, and
refreshed by taking some warm fowl; and when he had accomplished other
eighteen miles, he again stopped; but while taking another refreshment,
Wood’s failure was announced to him, and he walked the other four miles
merely to determine some depending bets.

The unexpected termination of this race excited considerable surprise
in the sporting world, as it was known to most people present, that
Wood, only a few months before, had gone forty miles in less than five
hours. Several of those who had betted on Wood declined paying, from the
suspicion of something unfair having taken place. But it was manifest
to all, that there was no collusion between Capt. Barclay and the other
party, and he had not the slightest suspicion of any thing unfair
existing.

When the match was first proposed, Capt. Barclay refused to make it,
without a gentleman was concerned for Wood, and after such was sought
for, a publican in the vicinity of Spitalfields was brought forward
to back him. He accordingly stood one hundred and fifty pounds of the
stake-money; but it was well known that he never before risked twenty
pounds on the issue of any uncertain event. Wood had gone fifty miles in
seven hours, in a wet day, while training, and was desirous of continuing
his journey, being very fresh; but was stopped, lest he should be injured
by the unfavourable state of the weather: of course, a great deal was
expected from him.

These, and several other concurring circumstances, induced some sporting
men to decline paying their bets. The disputes on this head, were
finally settled at Tattersal’s, when, after a good deal of discussion,
it was the opinion of a considerable majority, that the bets ought not
to be paid, as it was then well known, that liquid laudanum had been
administered to Wood by some of his pretended friends, after he had
gone twenty-two miles. The regular frequenters of Newmarket, however,
maintained, that the bets ought to be paid, although they were of opinion
THE RACE WAS THROWN OVER, or, at any time a man may get off from his
wagers.--Capt. Barclay’s bets, which were considerable, were paid.

This match, on the part of Wood and his friends, was entirely
hopeless; for no man in the world could, with the least prospect of
success, allow Capt. Barclay twenty miles on a walk to be decided in
twenty-four hours. He had previously walked, without the advantage of
training, SEVENTY-EIGHT MILES IN FOURTEEN HOURS, and what is still
more astonishing, had performed SIXTY-FOUR MILES IN TEN HOURS. If no
accident, therefore, had occurred, it is highly probable, he would have
accomplished one hundred and thirty-five miles, which would have obliged
his opponent to have gone one hundred and fifty-five miles, a distance
altogether beyond Wood’s power, and such as never has been performed in
that time by any pedestrian, either ancient or modern.

As an additional instance of Capt. Barclay’s great strength and
perseverance, it may be mentioned, that, merely for his amusement, he
performed a most laborious undertaking in August this year, (1808).
Having gone to Colonel Murray Farquharson’s house of Allanmore, in
Aberdeenshire, he went out at five in the morning to enjoy the sport of
grouse-shooting on the mountains, where he travelled at least thirty
miles. He returned to dinner to the colonel’s house, by five in the
afternoon, and in the evening set off for Ury, a distance of sixty miles,
which he walked in eleven hours, without stopping once to refresh. He
attended to his ordinary business at home, and in the afternoon walked
to Laurence-kirk,--sixteen miles,--where he danced at a ball during the
night, and returned to Ury by seven in the morning. He did not yet retire
to bed, but occupied the day by partridge-shooting in the fields. He had
thus travelled not less than one hundred and thirty miles, supposing him
to have gone only eight miles in the course of the day’s shooting at
home, and also danced at Laurence-kirk, without sleeping, or having been
in bed for two nights and nearly three days.

In December following, he was matched against a runner of the Duke of
Gordon, to go from Gordon Castle to Huntly Lodge, a distance of nineteen
miles, which Capt. Barclay performed in two hours and eight minutes,
without any previous preparation, and immediately after breakfast,
beating the duke’s man five miles. He ran the first nine miles in fifty
minutes, although the road was very hilly, and extremely bad.

In October this year, (1808,) Capt. Barclay made a match with Mr.
Wedderburn Webster, a gentleman of celebrity in the sporting world,
which attracted the notice of the whole kingdom, and raised the highest
expectations among the amateurs of pedestrian exploits.

He engaged to go on foot, ONE THOUSAND MILES IN ONE THOUSAND SUCCESSIVE
HOURS, at the rate of a mile in each and every hour, for a wager of one
thousand guineas, to be performed at Newmarket-heath, and to start on the
following 1st of June, (1809).

Previously to encountering this arduous match, Capt. Barclay went to
Brighton, where he remained for a short time for the sake of sea-bathing
and fresh air. He did not then deem it necessary to go under regular
training, as he believed the undertaking would be easily accomplished.

He arrived at Newmarket on the 30th of May; but he had before that time
provided lodgings for his accommodation, and the ground on which he was
to perform had been marked out. It was on a public road leading from
the house of Mr. Buckle, where he lodged, and by no means adapted to
his purpose. His resting apartment was on the ground-floor fronting the
south, and only separated from the kitchen by a small room, where the
attendants sat. Thus accommodated, he undertook the match under various
disadvantages.

On the sixteenth day, however, he removed to new lodgings near the HORSE
AND JOCKEY, where he continued during the remainder of the time. He also
shifted his ground, and walked across the Norwich road up the heath for
half a mile out and return.

The difficulty of accomplishing this astonishing match may be conceived,
when it is known that the most celebrated pedestrians of England have
attempted it, and failed. The constant exertion, with the short time
allowed for sleep, must soon exhaust the strongest frame; and no other
man has been able to continue longer than about thirty days.

Mr. Howe started at Cliffe Common, Somersetshire, to perform the Barclay
match; but at the end of fifteen days he resigned the task, and thus
lost his stake of three hundred guineas, besides his health being much
injured.

Mr. Blackie undertook the match, but on the twenty-second day of his
labour, he became afflicted with swollen legs to a frightful degree, and
resigned on the twenty-third day, reduced from fourteen stones six pounds
to eleven stones.

Mr. Martindale failed on the 27th of May 1812, after having gone thirty
days. He wasted twenty pounds, and was much injured in his legs and feet.

When Capt. Barclay started, his weight was thirteen stones and four
pounds; but when weighed in Chiffeny’s (the jockey) scales, after
finishing, and resting seventeen hours in bed, his weight was reduced to
eleven stones,--thus losing, in the course of his performance, no less
than two stones and four pounds.

Towards the conclusion, the spasmodic affections in his legs were
particularly distressing; but it is an astonishing fact, that his
appetite continued to the end as good as ever. To this fortunate
circumstance, the accomplishment of the match may be ascribed. If the
digestive powers of the stomach had been injured by the excessive
fatigue, extreme debility must have ensued, and his labours would, no
doubt, have terminated in the same manner as those of the other gentlemen
who have attempted this match.

He breakfasted, after returning from his walk, at five in the morning.
He ate a roasted fowl, and drank a pint of strong ale, and then took
two cups of tea with bread and butter. He lunched at twelve; the one
day on beef-steaks, and the other, on mutton-chops, of which he ate
a considerable quantity. He dined at six, either on roast beef, or
mutton-chops. His drink was porter, and two or three glasses of wine.
He supped at eleven on a cold fowl. He ate such vegetables as were in
season; and the quantity of animal food he took daily was from five to
six pounds.

He walked in a sort of lounging gait, without apparently making any
extraordinary exertion, scarcely raising his feet more than two or three
inches above the ground.

His dress was adapted to the changeable state of the weather. Sometimes
he walked in a flannel jacket, and sometimes in a loose dark grey coat,
but he always used strong shoes and lamb-wool stockings.

Bets were from the beginning in his favour, and they rose to two to one
and five to two; but, about eight days before he finished, they were ten
to one on his accomplishing the match, at Tattersal’s, and other sporting
places. On Wednesday morning, (the day he completed the task,) one
hundred guineas to one were offered; but so strong was the confidence of
his success that no bets could be obtained at any odds.

This extraordinary performance was concluded on the 12th of July, at
thirty-seven minutes past three in the afternoon, amidst thousands of
spectators. The multitude who resorted to the scene of action being
unprecedented, not a bed could be procured on the previous night at
Newmarket, Cambridge, or at any of the towns and villages in the
vicinity; and every horse and vehicle were engaged. The influx of
company had so much increased on Sunday, that the expediency of roping
in the ground was suggested; but Capt. Barclay objected to the measure
as indicating too much parade. On Monday, however, the crowd became so
great, and he experienced so much interruption, that he consented to
allow this precaution to be taken, and next morning the workmen began to
rope in the ground.

Among the distinguished company who witnessed the conclusion of this
arduous undertaking, we may include the Dukes of Argyle and St. Alban’s;
Earls Grosvenor, Besborough, and Jersey; Lords Foley and Somerville; Sir
John Lade, and Sir Francis Standish.

       *       *       *       *       *

The following particulars relative to Capt. Barclay’s state of health,
and other circumstances which occurred during this celebrated walk,
were furnished to the author by a gentleman who attended him from the
commencement, and they are copied from his MS. with perfect fidelity.

This statement, it is hoped, will be found interesting; and the reader
is referred to the authenticated Journal for the TIME of performing EACH
MILE, STATE of the WEATHER, &c. during the whole period of the walk.

       *       *       *       *       *

First day.--After walking the second mile, Capt. Barclay stript off his
clothes and went to bed: he did not sleep, and perspired profusely.
(Throughout this match, when he went to bed, he always undressed.) He
slept little the first night, and next day nothing particular occurred;
but the weather being very hot, he had a great tendency to perspire after
walking.

Second day.--He slept rather better the second night. At this time, he
did not go to bed during the day, but walked in the streets of Newmarket,
or occasionally rested on a sopha. He was still inclined to perspire.

Third day.--Twelve o’clock noon; in good health.--Twelve at night; slept
well, and still fresh, but much inclined to perspire.

Fourth day.--Twelve, noon; the dust on the road incommoded him much, but
he was still fresh, with a good appetite.--Twelve at night; slept well,
looked fresh, and had no complaint.

Fifth day.--Twelve, noon; quite well.--Twelve, night; slept every time he
lay down, and started at the first call, fresh and well.

Sixth day.--Twelve, noon; fresh, and in good spirits.--Twelve, night; in
good health, and not fatigued.

Seventh day.--Twelve, noon; in good health and spirits.--Twelve, night;
slept well, and in good spirits.

Eighth day.--Twelve, noon; in good health and spirits.--Twelve, night;
quite well, and slept every time he went to bed.

Ninth day.--Twelve, noon and night; in good health and cheerful.

Tenth day.--Twelve, noon and night; in good health and spirits, but
seemed fatigued in consequence of the rain and high wind which continued
during the night and morning.

Eleventh day.--Twelve, noon; appeared as well as usual; appetite
good; but kept more within doors, and more frequently reclined on a
sopha.--Twelve, night; slept well; started immediately when called;
appeared in good health and spirits; and persevered with courage.

Twelfth day.--Twelve, noon; kept more within doors, and more frequently
reclined on the sopha, but appeared in good health and spirits.--Twelve,
night; slept well, but complained of pains in the back of his neck and
shoulders, occasioned, as he supposed, by not wearing a sufficient
quantity of clothes during the night, and by sitting with his back
towards an open window, after being in a state of perspiration from the
walk.

Thirteenth day.--Three, morning; at this time felt a little pain in
his legs, particularly in the back tendons; but in every other respect
he was as well as ever.--Twelve, noon; in good health and spirits, but
complained of slight pains in his neck and shoulders.--Twelve, night;
slept well; appeared refreshed by sleep, and went on with cheerfulness.

Fourteenth day.--Three, morning; felt rather more pain in his legs, but
no remedy was applied.--Twelve, noon; felt no pain; very cheerful, and
appeared in good health.--Twelve, night; at this hour, felt no pain; was
somewhat dull, but walked as usual, and slept soundly.

Fifteenth day.--Two, morning; felt some pain in his legs, but it was
nothing of consequence, and did not impede his walking; slept well, and
appeared in good health.--Three, morning; felt more pain than before,
particularly at starting; when he had gone a hundred yards the pain
ceased, and in other respects he was quite well.--Twelve, noon; felt no
pain, looked fresh, and went on with cheerfulness.--Twelve, night; the
pain in his legs had returned, and it gradually increased till three
o’clock in the morning, when it was at the worst; but it wore off as the
day advanced: He was still in good health.

Sixteenth day.--Three, morning; the pain in his legs increased, but in
other respects the same as before.--Five, morning; the pain going off,
and in good health and spirits.--Seven, morning; almost free from pain,
and very cheerful.--Twelve, noon; at this hour, Capt. Barclay removed to
new lodgings, and new ground. His victuals were not cooked in the house,
and in all respects he was more comfortably lodged than before.--Twelve,
night; the pain in the legs returned; was somewhat stiff, and did not
sleep well, but was still cheerful.

Seventeenth day.--Three, morning; at this hour seemed rather dull and
heavy; pains in the thighs as well as in the legs; his walking somewhat
impeded, particularly at starting, but became better when he had gone
two or three hundred yards.--Five, morning; felt less pain, and was in
better spirits.--Seven, morning; much better, the pain going off, and
cheerful.--Nine morning; quite well; felt no pain; in excellent spirits,
and was much the same throughout the day.--Twelve, night; rather stiff;
felt some pain in his legs and thighs, but was in tolerable spirits.

Eighteenth day.--Three, morning; rather dull; complained of the pain in
his legs and thighs; stiff at first starting, and appeared as if he
had been somewhat lame.--Five, morning; felt less pain, and was more
lively.--Seven, morning; much better; felt little pain, and was in good
spirits.--Nine, morning; nothing appeared to be the matter with him; much
the same throughout the day, and very cheerful.--Nine, evening; rather
heavy; at this time the pain returned, and increased throughout the
night and morning; he was always worst at three o’clock, but gradually
recovered as the day advanced.--Eleven, night; felt more pain, and was
more stiff, but slept well, and was still in good spirits.

Nineteenth day.--One, morning; the pain increasing.--Three, morning;
felt more pain in his legs and thighs, and experienced more difficulty
in walking, especially at starting.--Five, morning; considerably better;
the pain going off, and in tolerable spirits.--Seven, morning; much
better; scarcely felt any pain.--Nine, morning; as well as ever; pain
gone off, and in good spirits; cheerfully persevering, and nearly the
same throughout the day, but lay down more frequently, and generally
slept.--Eleven, night; rather worse; felt some pain; not so cheerful as
during the day, and walked somewhat heavily.

Twentieth day.--One, morning; worse; with more pain than last hour;
stiff and dull.--Three, morning; much pain in his thighs and legs; some
difficulty in walking until he had gone a few hundred yards; slept
well, and always started at the first call.--Five and seven, morning;
much better; felt less pain, and walked with more ease.--Nine, morning;
still felt some pain in his legs, particularly at starting.--He was not
so well throughout the day as usual, owing, in a great measure, to the
extreme heat of the weather. His legs were bathed several times with
vinegar; but he was still in good health, and his appetite the same as at
the commencement.--Nine, evening; still felt some pain, but it did not
affect his walking, and he was in good spirits.--Eleven, evening; pain
increasing, and somewhat stiff in his motion.

Twenty-first day.--One, morning; much worse; pain increased; walked
heavily, and not in good spirits.--Three, morning; at this time felt
much pain in the back parts of his legs; could not walk with ease,
and complained a little on the _tread_ of his right foot.--Five,
morning; somewhat better; did not feel so much pain, and walked
with more ease.--Seven, morning; much better; the pain considerably
abated.--Nine, morning; in good spirits; still felt a little pain in
his thighs and legs, which continued throughout the day; bathed them
frequently in vinegar; his foot better in consequence of the application
of vinegar.--Nine, evening; about this time began to feel the pain
increasing; walked rather heavily, but was in good spirits.--Eleven,
night; felt more pain; somewhat stiff, particularly at starting, but was
still in good spirits.--During this day, Capt. Barclay lay down every
time he returned from his walk, and was rather more stiff than during the
preceding day.

Twenty-second day.--One, morning; felt much pain.--Three, morning; pain
continued, but not so violent as at the same hour the preceding day,
and he walked with more ease.--Five, morning; still felt much pain,
walked heavily, but was in good spirits.--Seven, morning; the pain did
not abate so much at this hour as it had usually done; experienced some
difficulty in walking.--Nine, morning; a good deal of pain; complained on
the _tread_ of his foot, and walked heavily: the ground, although turf,
and watered once every day, had become hard from the drought, and from
being trampled by so many people who came to witness Capt. Barclay’s
exertions.--Nine, night; pain increasing; more difficulty in walking, but
in pretty good spirits.--Eleven, evening; felt rather more pain; somewhat
stiff, but on the whole nearly the same as during the preceding day; lay
down every time he came in from his walk, and slept well throughout the
day; Dr. Sandiver called; recommended the application of the warm bath,
and sent a liquid in a small phial to be rubbed on those parts where the
pain was most intense, after being bathed, which was accordingly done.

Twenty-third day.--One, morning; pain increasing; walked with difficulty,
and complained on the soles of his feet.--Three, morning; much worse
than before; complained of the pain in his legs and feet, and had
some difficulty in walking.--Five, morning; appeared to have greatly
recovered; was much fresher, felt less pain, walked with more ease, and
was in good spirits.--Seven, morning; greatly relieved from pain, and
walked with more ease.--Nine, morning; much better; walked tolerably,
and felt little pain: the warm bath was applied, and his legs and feet
were frequently rubbed throughout the day and night.--Nine, evening;
began to feel more pain, and more difficulty in walking; not so well this
day as yesterday; was seized with the tooth-ach, which broke his rest,
and he was somewhat feverish; the weather very hot.--Eleven, night; the
tooth-ach still continued; very ill and fretful; complained much of his
legs and feet, and walked with difficulty.

Twenty-fourth day.--One, morning; worse, and complained much of the pain
in his legs; tooth-ach still continued; got little sleep, and walked
with more difficulty.--Three, morning; was rather worse than last hour;
had much difficulty in walking; complained of great pain in his legs,
particularly at starting, but was better when he had gone some distance;
distressed from want of sleep.--Five, morning; somewhat better, and
not so stiff; walked with less difficulty; tooth-ach continued, which
deprived him of sleep.--Seven, morning; in better spirits; the tooth-ach
abating; complained of pain in his legs and feet.--Nine, morning; still
felt much pain, but appeared fresher; tooth-ach less violent, and got
some sleep; little variation until evening.--Nine, evening; rather worse
than during the day; complained much of the pain in his legs and feet,
and walked with great difficulty.--Eleven, night; pain increasing; walked
with much difficulty, but in better spirits; tooth-ach nearly gone, and
had more sleep.

The warm bath had produced no good effect; indeed it had softened his
feet so much, that they became unable to bear the pressure of his body,
and it was therefore abandoned. Dr. Sandiver recommended the application
of flannel soaked in boiling water, and wrung until nearly dry, as a
substitute for the bath. The flannel in this state was applied to the
parts affected by the pain, and frequently renewed. It had the effect
to cause the pains in his legs and thighs to remove from one part to
another, but afforded no permanent relief.

Twenty-fifth day.--One, morning; much worse; great difficulty in walking,
and the pain in his legs and feet rather increased.--Three, morning;
still worse; very stiff, and walked heavily.--Five, morning; still much
difficulty in walking, but appeared fresher.--Nine, morning; walked with
less difficulty; appeared quite fresh, and in good spirits. Through the
day he suffered more than during yesterday, but was in good spirits, and
ate heartily.--Nine, evening; rather more pained, and walked with more
difficulty.--Eleven, night; pain increasing, but in tolerable spirits;
little difference in his walking.

Twenty-sixth day.--One, morning: very ill and very stiff; great
difficulty in walking, and complained much of the pain.--Three, morning:
rather worse, and complained much while walking. He was sometimes dressed
and out before he was fully awake.--Five, morning: appeared rather
better; had less pain than last hour, and walked somewhat easier.--Seven,
morning: in good spirits, although he suffered much while walking.--Nine,
morning: rather less pain, and walked with less difficulty. The flannel
application began to do some good. Oil and camphor mixed, was rubbed
into the parts affected, after the flannel had been applied.--Nine,
evening: felt more pain than through the day, and very stiff. The flannel
application eased the pain considerably, but he was gradually becoming
weaker, and less able to bear the fatigue of walking.--Eleven, night:
complained much of pain in his legs, and walked with more difficulty, but
in tolerable spirits.

Twenty-seventh day.--One, morning: still worse; great difficulty in
walking, and felt much pain.--Three, morning: at this time very ill,
and complained more of pain than at any other time of the night and
morning.--Five and seven, morning: much better; had less pain, and
in better spirits.--Nine, morning: more lively, and walked with less
difficulty. The flannel and oil were applied frequently during the night
and day, and the pain moved down his legs towards his ancles. He was on
the whole rather worse this day than during any preceding one, being very
weak, and suffering much pain.--Nine, evening: rather worse than during
the day, and walked with difficulty.--Eleven, night: much the same as
last two hours. This day was very rainy, and Capt. Barclay wore his great
coat, which was soon soaked, and became so heavy as greatly to fatigue
him.

Twenty-eighth day.--One, morning: much pain, and very stiff.--Three,
morning: complained more than at any time through the night, but
slept well, and was sometimes dressed before his eyes were fully
opened.--Five, morning: appeared much fresher; felt less pain, and
walked with less difficulty; ate a good breakfast as usual, and in good
spirits.--Seven, morning: somewhat better; in good spirits, and although
much pained, walked with less difficulty.--Nine, morning: in every
respect fully as well as during two last hours. He was rather better
throughout this day than the preceding. He always undressed, and went to
bed, when he returned from his walk, and generally slept, by which he
was much refreshed.--Nine, evening: not so well as during the day, and
felt much pain. About this period of the walk, it was reported in the
newspapers that Capt. Barclay’s legs were much swelled. It was erroneous,
for his legs did not swell during the whole time.--Eleven, night: rather
worse than last hour; felt more pain, and had more difficulty in walking.

Twenty-ninth day.--One, morning: pain increasing, particularly in
the calves of the legs.--Three, morning: much worse than last hour;
complained much, and appeared very stiff.--Five, morning: in better
spirits than through the night, although suffering not less pain, but
walked with less difficulty.--Seven, morning: the pain little abated;
very ill at starting, and very stiff.--Nine, morning: in much better
spirits; walked, to appearance, with less difficulty, and recruited as
the day advanced.--Capt. Barclay always improved so much during the day,
that no person who saw him then, had any idea of his debilitated state
during the night; and those who saw him then were equally deceived as
to his appearance during the day. This circumstance gave occasion to
the many false reports which were inserted in the public prints.--Nine,
evening: little difference at this time, but still felt great pain, and
was very stiff. The warm flannel and oil were constantly applied; many
prescriptions were tried, but without effect: it is therefore unnecessary
to mention them.--Eleven, night: nearly the same as for the last two
hours; still felt great pain; was very stiff, and had much difficulty in
walking.

Thirtieth day.--One, morning: not quite so well as the last time he
walked; felt more pain, and complained much at first starting.--Three,
morning: at this time very ill; complained of the pain in his legs alone;
was so very stiff that he could scarcely rise, and when he got up could
scarcely stand, and had great difficulty in walking.--Five, morning:
felt as much pain as before, but appeared fresher, and was in better
spirits than during the night and morning.--Seven, morning: in much
better spirits; walked with less difficulty, but still felt great pain.
Nine, morning; nearly the same as last time he walked; going on with
great difficulty.--Nine, evening; nearly the same as throughout the day,
but rather stiffer, and had more difficulty in walking.--Eleven, night:
not so well as last time he walked; felt more pain, and very stiff,
particularly at starting, and required more time to go the mile.

Thirty-first day.--One, morning: worse than last time he walked; becoming
more stiff, and felt more pain.--Three, morning: still more difficulty
in walking; when he sat down, could scarcely rise without assistance,
and complained much of the pain in his legs.--Five, morning: great pain,
but in good spirits.--Seven, morning: little difference since last time
he walked, but rather better.--Nine, morning: much the same as last
time he walked.--Eleven, morning: more difficulty in walking than last
hour; required more time, and could scarcely mend his pace.--One, P. M.
nearly the same as last time he was out.--Three, P. M.: not quite so
much difficulty in walking as the last hours.--Five, afternoon: little
difference in any respect.--Nine, evening: not so well as last walk; felt
more pain, and stiffer.--Eleven, night: if any difference, not so well as
at nine o’clock; much distressed while walking. This day he was rather
worse than yesterday, but kept up his spirits, and as usual enjoyed a
good appetite.

Thirty-second day.--One, morning: now much exhausted, and so stiff after
resting that he could not rise without assistance; complained much of
pain, and walked with great difficulty.--Three, morning: still worse;
when he rested, the back tendons of his legs shrunk up, and the pain
was excessive during the time of relaxing them, but his courage was
unconquerable.--Five, morning: he now, required so much time to walk,
that he had little time to rest, and even great part of that, was taken
up with rubbing his legs with the oil.--Seven and nine, morning: the
worst part of the day being over, his spirits were better, although still
much pained.--Eleven, night: the pain increasing, and experiencing great
difficulty in walking.

Thirty-third day.--One, morning: rather worse; felt great pain, and
could not rise up without assistance. It required some time before he
got the use of his limbs; very stiff, and walked with the greatest
difficulty.--At this time, he was apparently completely exhausted.--Five,
morning: not much difference as to his walking, but in better
spirits.--Seven, morning: nearly the same as last hour.--Nine, morning:
no difference since last time he was out; still felt great pain; could
not get up without being lifted, and kept till he had the use of his
legs.--One, three, and five, afternoon: continued in the same state.
Nine, evening: rather worse, and much fagged with the rain.--Eleven,
night: felt it more difficult to walk than last time he was out. The rain
this day was very much against him: he wore his great coat, which was
soaked every time he went out; the weight of it distressed him, and he
was becoming weaker every hour.

Thirty-fourth day.--One, morning: very ill; the pain in his legs
excessive; could not move without crying out.--Three, morning: his worst
hour; could scarcely move when started; walked in a shuffling manner, and
could not mend his pace if it had been to save his life.--Five, morning:
not in so bad spirits as at last walk.--Seven, morning; no difference
in walking, and in better spirits.--Nine, morning: the same as last
walk; could not rise without assistance.--Eleven, forenoon: somewhat
better; not quite so much difficulty in walking.--Three, five, and seven,
afternoon: little difference in any respect.--Nine, evening: not quite
so well as last time he walked; felt more pain, and had more difficulty
in proceeding. On the whole, he was rather better to-day than yesterday;
when in bed he felt no pain, but slept well, and readily wakened at
the call. Nothing else was yet applied but the flannel fomentation and
oil.--Eleven, night: not so well as last time he walked; felt more pain,
and was rather heavy.

Thirty-fifth day.--One, morning: pain increasing, and great difficulty in
walking.--Three, morning: his worst hour; pain excessive; could not rise,
and was lifted up. To have seen him at this time, one would have thought
that it would be impossible for him to go on, he was so debilitated
and in such agony, but he was determined to complete the match at all
risques.--Five, morning: in better spirits than last time he walked;
complained less, and walked with less difficulty.--Seven, morning: in
much better spirits; did not feel so much pain, and walked with less
difficulty.--Nine, evening: not so well as he had been through the day,
and walked more heavily.--Eleven, night: walked with more difficulty
than last hour; complained much of the pain in his legs; not so well this
day as yesterday, and to appearance rather more exhausted.

Thirty-sixth day.--One, morning: as usual at this time, considerably
worse, and walked with great difficulty, feeling much pain.--Three,
morning: still worse, so very ill indeed, that it became difficult
to manage his time, for he could not mend his pace, which was now so
slow that he had but little time for rest, but he still courageously
persevered.--Five, morning: not quite so ill as at the last walk; more
cheerful, and mended his pace.--Seven, nine, and eleven, morning: nearly
the same as at five o’clock: if any difference, rather better.--One,
P. M. no difference; much exhausted from want of rest, but showed no
inclination to give up the match. Three, and five, afternoon: nearly the
same; every hour becoming weaker; at this time, a spectator would have
thought it impossible for him to go on another hour, but he persevered
contrary to all expectation.--Nine, evening: not quite so well as last
time he walked; appeared more distressed than during the day.--Eleven,
night: complained much of pain; always getting weaker: if any difference,
this day rather weaker, but his appetite still the same.

Thirty-seventh day.--One, morning: at this time rather heavy and dull,
but not much difference in his walking.--Five, and seven, morning: no
difference in his walking, but in better spirits.--Nine, morning: not
quite so well as last time he went out, the rain fagged him.--Eleven,
morning: nearly the same as at last walk.--One, three, five, and seven,
evening: nearly in the same state.--Eleven, night: much worse; felt
excessive pain, and walked with great difficulty; when lifted up, could
not stand for some time; every hour he appeared weaker, and less able
to proceed; nothing could now relieve him but rest, which he could not
obtain.

Thirty-eighth day.--One and three, morning: nearly in the same state
as last night.--Five, morning: somewhat better in spirits, but had
still the same difficulty in walking.--Seven, morning: the same as at
last walk, but rather more distressed in consequence of the rain; for
at this time there was a heavy rain, and violent thunder-storm.--Nine,
morning: the rain continued, and he was nearly the same as at last time
he walked.--Eleven, morning: the weather warm and dry, and he walked with
less difficulty.--One, three, five, seven, and nine, evening: little or
no alteration.--Eleven, night: not quite so well as through the day;
becoming weaker, and more distressed. This is the first day, that any
alteration could be observed as to his eating since the commencement. He
did not seem to relish his food so much as usual, but he never thought of
resigning the task.

Thirty-ninth day.--One, morning: at this time very much wore out; had
great difficulty in walking, and complained much of the pain in his
legs.--Three, morning: still worse; the want of rest began to affect him
dreadfully; very stiff, and could not stand, when lifted up, without
assistance.--Five, morning: in better but in other respects nearly the
same.--Seven, morning: in the same state.--Nine, morning, walked with
somewhat less difficulty.--Little variation through the day.--Eleven,
night: rather worse, and weaker than yesterday.

Fortieth day.--One, morning: if any difference, rather worse than last
walk; more fatigued in consequence of the rain.--Three, morning: very
ill; walked with great difficulty; felt as much pain as ever, and much
fagged by the rain.--Five, seven, and nine: no difference.--One, P. M.;
it is now fair; less difficulty in walking.--Eleven, evening: becoming
worse; so much worn out as to be scarcely able to move: rather weaker
this day than yesterday.

Forty-first day.--One, morning: at this time he had more difficulty to
walk than ever: he went so slowly, and so much time was required to rub
his legs, that he had little time for rest. It was quite apparent that
he could not go on much longer.--Three, morning: fully as ill as at
last time he walked, and had quite as much difficulty to go on.--Five,
and seven: in somewhat better spirits, but in other respects the same;
no difference during the day.--Nine and eleven, night: walked with the
greatest difficulty.

Forty-second day.--One, morning: could not mend his pace, but in better
spirits.--Three, morning: in better spirits than usual. This being
the last morning, there were many attendants.--Five, seven, and nine,
morning: nearly in the same state, but in good spirits. Eleven, forenoon:
the crowd began to assemble from all quarters.--One, P. M.; the crowd
so great that he could scarcely find room to walk; to appearance he was
much better, and walked with less difficulty: he mended his pace.--Three
o’clock, afternoon: the last mile, which he performed in twenty-two
minutes, and the crowd gave three cheers.

       *       *       *       *       *

Before Capt. Barclay had finished the last mile, a hot bath was prepared
for him in an adjoining house, where he slept. He was put into the bath
for a few minutes, and when taken out, well dried with flannel, and put
to bed. He went to bed at four o’clock, and slept soundly till twelve,
when he took some water-gruel, and again lay down. He slept till nine in
the morning, when he got up in perfect health, and quite relieved from
pain. He walked about Newmarket a considerable time, and was four hours
on the race-ground.--July 14th; set off for London in a chaise and four,
and arrived that evening.--15th; walked on the streets of London in his
usual way.--16th; quite fresh, and in good spirits.--17th; seemed as well
as before he started. This evening left London, and posted to Ramsgate,
where he joined the expedition to Walcheren, and embarked with it as
Aid-de-camp to Lieut.-Gen. the Marquis of Huntly.


TABLE of Captain Barclay’s Pedestrian performances, &c.

                                   _Dist.
  _Year._      _Matches._          Miles._ _Days, Hrs. Min. Sec._  _Pag._

  1796  For 100 guineas, toe and
         heel, (_won_,)                 6           1                101

  1798  With Ferguson, London,
         (_won_,)                      70          14                102

  1799  From London to Birmingham,
         by Cambridge,                150      2                     102

  1799  Same distance by Oxford,      150      2                     102

  1800  From Ury to Ellon, and
         back to Ury,                  64          12                102

  1801  With Mr. Fletcher for
         1000 guineas, (_lost_)        67          13                103

  1800  From Ury to Boroughbridge
         in Yorkshire,                300      5                     103

  1802  From Ury to Kirkmichael,
         by Crathynaird,              180      2                     108

  1801  Training for Mr. Fletcher’s
         match,                       110           19  27           104

  1801  With Mr. Fletcher for
         5000 guineas, (_won_,)        90           20  22           105

  1802  From London to Newmarket,      64           10               108

  1805  From London to Seaford
         in Sussex,                    64           10               112

  1805  From Birmingham to
         Wrexham, by Shrewsbury,
         (_betwixt breakfast
         and dinner_,)                 72                            112

  1806  From London to Colchester,
         Essex, (_to breakfast_)       51                            112

  1806  From Ury to Crathynaird
         and back,                    100           19               114

  1807  From Ury to Boat of Forbes
         and back,                     78           14               115

  1807  With Abraham Wood for
         the greatest number of
         miles in twenty-four
         hours--Wood resigned,--He
         walked                        40            6
        Capt. Barclay--(_won_,)        36            6               115

  1808  From Ury to Allanmore
         and some other places
         back to Ury,                 130                            121

  1808  With the Duke of Gordon’s
         runner from Gordon Castle
         to Huntly Lodge,              19            2   8
                                        9               50           122

  1808  With Mr. Wedderburn
         Webster for 1000 guineas,
         (_won_,)                    1000         1000 successive,   123

  1803  With Mr. J. Ward, (_won_)        ¼                   56      109

  1804  At East Bourne, (_won_)         2               11   57½     110

  1804  For 100 guineas with Cap.
         Marston, (_won_)               1                5    7      111

  1804  With J. Ireland, 500 gs.
         (_won_)                        1                4   50      111

  1806  With Mr. Goulbourne, (_won_)     ¼               1    2      113

  1803  With Mr. Burke, (_won_,)        1½


JOURNAL OF CAPT. BARCLAY’S CELEBRATED WALK OF ONE THOUSAND MILES IN _One
Thousand successive Hours_.


TO THE READER

The following Journal of this extraordinary performance was regularly
kept by the attendants, under the inspection of a person appointed by Mr.
Webster, for the purpose of watching the time, that his interest might
be protected in the event of any failure on the part of Capt. Barclay.
It may, therefore, be deemed perfectly correct. In the original, the
performance of each hour is certified by the initials of the attendant’s
name, which we do not think necessary to insert here.

In the first column, the hour of the morning, day, and night, is marked;
in the second, the exact time past that hour at which he started; in the
third, the exact time at which he returned; and in the fourth, the number
of minutes in which he walked the mile. In the last column, the state of
the weather is mentioned; and at the foot of the page will be found the
total time of performing the twenty-four miles, with the average of each.


First Day.--June 1st, 1809.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  Hour. | Started  | Returned |Time per|    State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  N. 12 |    2     |   14     |   12   | Rainy.
      1 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Fair but cloudy.
      2 |   42     |   57     |   15   | Do.        do.
      3 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.        do.
      4 |   42     |   56     |   14   | Windy and stormy.
      5 |     ½    |   14     |   13½  | Do.        do.
      6 |   40     |   55     |   15   | Windy and sunshine.
      7 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.        do.
      8 |   41     |   55½    |   14½  | Very hot.
      9 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.        do.
     10 |   41     |   55½    |   14½  | Windy and hot.
     11 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Cool and pleasant.
  D. 12 |   42½    |   57     |   14½  | Windy and hot.
      1 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Windy and dusty.
      2 |   41½    |   56     |   14½  | Hot, windy, and dusty.
      3 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.        do.
      4 |   42½    |   56     |   13½  | Do.        do.
      5 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.        do.
      6 |   39     |   55     |   16   | Stormy.
      7 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Moderate.
      8 |   29     |   45     |   16   | Cool and pleasant.
      9 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.        do.
     10 |   41     |   55½    |   14½  | Dark and cloudy.
     11 |     ½    |   14     |   13½  | Dark with rain.
  N. 12 |   43     |   56     |   13   | Clear moon-light, and fair.

Average time of walking each mile, 15 minutes 15 seconds.

--Total, (25 miles,) 5 hours 50 minutes.


Second Day.--June 2.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |    1½    |   15     |   13½  | Clear moon-light.
      2 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Cold and windy.
      3 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.       do.
      4 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   41½    |   56     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.       do.
      8 |   41     |   55½    |   14½  | Do.       do.
      9 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do. with a little sunshine.
     10 |   42     |   53     |   11   | Very rainy and stormy.
     11 |    1     |   15½    |   14½  | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   43     |   56½    |   13½  | Stormy, with rain.
      1 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      2 |   41     |   55     |   14   | High wind, but dry.
      3 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do. with some rain.
      4 |   41½    |   56½    |   15   | Very high wind.
      5 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.       do.
      6 |   41     |   53     |   12   | Cold and windy.
      7 |     ½    |   14     |   13½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   40     |   54     |   14   | Cool, but pleasant.
      9 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.       do.
     10 |   41     |   56     |   15   | Clear and windy.
     11 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   41½    |   57½    |   15   | Clear, windy, and cold.

Average time of walking the mile, 14 minutes 10 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 5 hours 40 minutes.


Third Day.--June 3.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Clear, cold, and windy.
      2 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Clear, and the air cold.
      3 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Windy, with cold
      4 |   41½    |   57½    |   16   | Clear, with sharp wind.
      5 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.        do.
      6 |   41½    |   56½    |   15   | Cool and pleasant.
      7 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.        do.
      8 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Do.        do.
      9 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.        do.
     10 |   41     |   56     |   15   | Do.        do.
     11 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Warm, with a fine breeze.
  D. 12 |   40½    |   55½    |   15   | Do. with some wind.
      1 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.        do.
      2 |   41     |   55½    |   14½  | Cool and pleasant.
      3 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.        do.
      4 |   43     |   57     |   14   | Do.        do.
      5 |     ½    |   14½    |   14   | Do.        do.
      6 |   42     |   57     |   15   | Do.        do.
      7 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.        do.
      8 |   40     |   55½    |   15½  | Do.        do.
      9 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.        do.
     10 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Cold, but fair; star-light.
     11 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.        do.      do.
  N. 12 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Do. fair, with wind.

Average time of walking the mile, 14 minutes 52 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 5 hours 57½ minutes.


Fourth Day.--June 4th.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Fair, with wind, star and
      2 |   41½    |   57½    |   16   |   moon-light.
      3 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Clear with sharp wind.
      4 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Milder.
      5 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Clear, with warm wind.
      6 |   42     |   57     |   15   | Do.         do.
      7 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Cool and pleasant.
      8 |   42½    |   57½    |   15   | Do.         do.
      9 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.         do.
     10 |   42     |   57     |   15   | Windy and dusty.
     11 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.         do.
  D. 12 |   42     |   57     |   15   | Warm, windy, and dusty.
      1 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.         do.
      2 |   41     |   56     |   15   | Warm, windy, with
      3 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  |   sunshine.
      4 |   41½    |   56     |   14½  | Do.         do.
      5 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.         do.
      6 |   42     |   57     |   15   | Do.         do.
      7 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.         do.
      8 |   40½    |   56     |   15½  | Cool and pleasant.
      9 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Rather cold, but fair
     10 |   42     |   57½    |   15½  | Do.         do.
     11 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.         do.
  N. 12 |   42     |   57½    |   15½  | Do.         do.

Average time of walking the mile, 14 minutes 57 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 5 hours 59½ minutes.


Fifth Day.--June 5.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Cold, fair, and star-light.
      2 |   41½    |   57½    |   15   | Clear, and more mild.
      3 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Clear and warm.
      4 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
      6 |    42    |   58     |   16   | Cool with sunshine.
      7 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
      8 |    42    |   58     |   16   | Do. and windy.
      9 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do. with rain.
     10 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Do.       do.
      1 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
      2 |   41½    |   56½    |   15   | Cool, fair, and pleasant.
      3 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Windy, with sunshine.
      5 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   41     |   56     |   15   | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   40     |   55     |   15   | Dry and fair.
      9 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Windy and rainy.
     10 |   41½    |   57     |   16½  | Very windy, fair, star-light.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Stars with clouds.
  N. 12 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Cold, windy, and some rain.

Average time of walking the mile, 15 minutes 20 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 8 minutes.


Sixth Day.--June 6.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Windy, cold, and cloudy.
      2 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Cold and stormy.
      3 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
      4 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   41     |   56     |   15   | Do. with sunshine.
      7 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
      8 |   42     |   57½    |   15½  | Windy with do.
      9 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
     10 |   42     |   57½    |   15½  | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   40½    |   55     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      1 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      2 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Windy and warm with
      3 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  |   sunshine.
      4 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Windy and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
      8 |   41     |   56     |   15   | Do. and dry.
      9 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Windy and fair, with
     11 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   |   star-light.
  N. 12 |   41½    |   58½    |   17   | Do.       do.

Average time of walking the mile, 15 minutes, 16 seconds.--Total, (24
miles) 6 hours 6½ minutes.


Seventh Day.--June 7.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Windy, and star-light.
      2 |   41½    |   59     |   17½  | Clear and windy.
      3 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.        do.
      4 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Do.        do.
      5 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.        do.
      6 |   41½    |   57½    |   16   | Windy, cool, and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.        do.
      8 |   42     |   58½    |   16½  | Cool and windy.
      9 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.        do.
     10 |   42     |   57½    |   15½  | Do.        do.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.        do.
  D. 12 |   41     |   56½    |   15½  | Do.        do.
      1 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.        do.
      2 |   41½    |   57½    |   16   | Do.        do.
      3 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.        do.
      4 |   41     |   56½    |   15½  | Do.        do.
      5 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.        do.
      6 |   42     |   55     |   13   | Windy.
      7 |     ½    |   15     |   15½  | Do. and cloudy, with rain.
      8 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Gloomy, with rain.
      9 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.        do.
     10 |   42½    |   58     |   15½  | Windy and cloudy.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.        do.
  N. 12 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Do. with star-light.

Average time of walking the mile, 15 minutes 31 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 12½ minutes.


Eighth Day.--June 8.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Windy, star-light.
      2 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Clear, with sharp wind.
      3 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.        do.
      4 |   42½    |   58     |   15½  | Do. but cool.
      5 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.        do.
      6 |   41     |   56½    |   15½  | Windy, with sunshine.
      7 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.        do.
      8 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Do.        do.
      9 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.        do.
     10 |   40½    |   56     |   15½  | Do. and rather stormy.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do. and rainy.
  D. 12 |   41     |   56½    |   15½  | Do. cold and cloudy.
      1 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.        do.
      2 |   41     |   56     |   15   | Do.        do.
      3 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.        do.
      4 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Cloudy, with rain.
      5 |   26     |   42     |   16   | Do.        do.
      6 |   42½    |   58     |   15½  | Calm and fair, but cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Rainy.
      8 |   41     |   57½    |   16½  | Mild and fair.
      9 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.        do.
     10 |   43     |   59     |   16   | Do.        do.
     11 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.        do.
  N. 12 |   42     |   58½    |   16½  | Do.        do.

Average time of walking the mile, 15 minutes 40 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 16 minutes.


Ninth Day.--June 9.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |    1     |   17½    |   16½  | Mild, with star-light.
      2 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Cloudy, but mild and
      3 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  |   pleasant.
      4 |   42½    |   58½    |   16   | Dark and gloomy.
      5 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.       do.
      6 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Cool, with some rain.
      7 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   43     |   59     |   16   | Do. and cloudy.
      9 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Do. and rainy.
     11 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Windy and rainy.
  D. 12 |   40½    |   56½    |   16   | Do. and cloudy.
      1 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      2 |   42     |   57½    |   15½  | Cloudy, cold, and rainy.
      3 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   42½    |   58½    |   16   | Windy, cold, and rainy.
      5 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Cloudy and calm, with rain.
      7 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.       do.
      8 |   41     |   57½    |   16½  | Cool and pleasant.
      9 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.       do.
     10 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Dark and rainy.
  N. 12 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Do. and fair.

Average time of walking the mile, 15 minutes 51 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 21 minutes.


Tenth Day.--June 10.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Cloudy and windy.
      2 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Do. cold and dry.
      3 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do. dry, with sharp air.
      4 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Do. with cold wind.
      5 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Windy, cold, and rainy.
      6 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
      8 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Cloudy, cold, and dry.
      9 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.       do.
     10 |   43     |   57½    |   14½  | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   41     |   57½    |   16½  | Cool and pleasant.
      1 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      2 |   41½    |   57½    |   16   | Cloudy, hot, and windy.
      3 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Windy, cool, and cloudy.
      5 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Cloudy, cool, and pleasant.
      7 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   41     |   56½    |   15½  | Cool and pleasant.
      9 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | A fine sharp wind, & fair.
     10 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Windy and rainy.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Dark and windy, with rain.

Average time of walking the mile, 15 minutes, 42½ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 17½ minutes.


Eleventh Day.--June 11.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |  16      |   15½  | Dark and windy, with rain.
      2 |   41½    |  58½     |   17   | Foggy, cold, and rainy.
      3 |     ½    |  16      |   15½  | Do.  do.
      4 |   42     |  58½     |   16½  | Stormy, with rain.
      5 |     ½    |  15½     |   15   | Do.  do.
      6 |   43     |  58½     |   15½  | Cold, with rain.
      7 |     ½    |  16½     |   16   | Do.  do.
      8 |   41½    |  58      |   16½  | Windy and cold, with rain.
      9 |     ½    |  16      |   15½  | Do.  do.
     10 |   43     |  58½     |   15½  | Do. rather stormy.
     11 |     ½    |  16½     |   16   | Do.  do.
  D. 12 |   40     |  55      |   15   | Do.  do.
      1 |     ½    |  15½     |   15   | Do.  do.
      2 |   41     |  57      |   16   | Cloudy and do.
      3 |     ½    |  16      |   15½  | Do.  do.
      4 |   42     |  57½     |   15½  | Windy and stormy.
      5 |     ½    |  16      |   15½  | Do.  do.
      6 |   42½    |  58      |   15½  | Do. cool and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |  16      |   15½  | Do.  do.
      8 |   41½    |  58      |   16½  | A fine evening.
      9 |     ½    |  16½     |   16   | Do.  do.
     10 |   42     |  58½     |   16½  | Cool and pleasant.
     11 |     ½    |  16½     |   16   | Do.  do.
  N. 12 |   42     |  59      |   17   | Do.  do.

Average time of walking the mile, 15 minutes 50 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 20 minutes.


Twelfth Day.--June 12.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |    1     |   16½    |   15½  | Cool and pleasant.
      2 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Mild and do.
      3 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.    do.
      4 |   42½    |   58½    |   16   | Cool and cloudy.
      5 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.    do. and pleasant.
      6 |   42     |   58½    |   16½  | Do.    do.
      7 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.    do.
      8 |   42     |   58½    |   16½  | Rather hot, with sunshine.
      9 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.    do.
     10 |   42     |   58½    |   16½  | Do.    do.
     11 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.    do.
  D. 12 |   42     |   57½    |   15½  | Do.    do.
      1 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.    do.
      2 |   44     |   58½    |   14½  | Windy and cloudy.
      3 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.    do.
      4 |   41     |   57½    |   16½  | Do. cool and do.
      5 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.    do.
      6 |   41½    |   57½    |   16   | Cool and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.    do.
      8 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Do. with rain.
      9 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.    do.
     10 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Windy and cloudy.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Dark and do.
  N. 12 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Windy and cloudy.

Average time of walking the mile, 16 minutes 1 second.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 24½ minutes.


Thirteenth Day.--June 13.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Windy, and cloudy.
      2 |   42     |   59½    |   17½  | Do. cool and do.
      3 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do. with rain.
      4 |   41½    |   59     |   17½  | Do.    do.
      5 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.    do.
      6 |   43½    |   59     |   15½  | Cloudy, cool, and fair.
      7 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.    do.
      8 |   41½    |   59     |   17½  | Do.    do.
      9 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.    do.
     10 |   42½    |   58½    |   16   | Do.    do.
     11 |    1     |   17     |   16   | Do.    do.
  D. 12 |   41     |   56½    |   15½  | Do.    do.
      1 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.    do.
      2 |   41½    |   57½    |   16   | Hot with sunshine.
      3 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Do.    do.
      4 |   36     |   53½    |   17½  | Do.    do.
      5 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.    do.
      6 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Cooler, with sunshine.
      7 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.    do.
      8 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Warm, with a little wind.
      9 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.    do.
     10 |   41½    |   58½    |   17   | Cool and pleasant.
     11 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.    do.
  N. 12 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Do.    do.


Average time of walking the mile, 16 minutes 20½ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 32½ minutes.


Fourteenth Day.--June 14.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Star-light and pleasant.
      2 |   42     |   59½    |   17½  | Clear, cool, and pleasant.
      3 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.         do.
      4 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Cool and cloudy.
      5 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.         do.
      6 |   42½    |   59     |   16½  | Cool, with sunshine.
      7 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.         do.
      8 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Hot, with sunshine.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.         do.
     10 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Very hot with do.
     11 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.         do.
  D. 12 |   41½    |   57½    |   16   | Do.         do.
      1 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.         do.
      2 |   41½    |   56     |   14½  | Hot, with wind.
      3 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.         do.
      4 |   41     |   57½    |   16½  | Warm with do.
      5 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.         do.
      6 |   41     |   57½    |   16½  | Do.         do.
      7 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do. and windy.
      8 |   41     |   57½    |   16½  | Do. with some rain.
      9 |     ½    |   16½    |   15½  | Do.         do.
     10 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Cool and pleasant.
     11 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.         do.
  N. 12 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Do.         do.

Average time of walking each mile, 16 minutes 30½ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 36½ minutes.


Fifteenth Day.--June 15.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Cool and pleasant.
      2 |   41½    |   59     |   17½  | Cold and cloudy.
      3 |    4½    |   22½    |   18   | Do.       do.
      4 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   42½    |   58     |   15½  | Do. do. and windy.
      7 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Cool and cloudy.
      9 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.       do.
     10 |   40     |   55     |   15   | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   15½    |   15   | Hot and sunshine.
  D. 12 |   40     |   56½    |   16½  | Do.       do.
      1 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.       do.
      2 |   43     |   59     |   16   | Do.       do.
      3 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   38     |   55     |   17   | Cool and pleasant.
      5 |     ½    |   15     |   14½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   40½    |   55½    |   15   | Do. and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   41½    |   58½    |   17   | Do.       do.
      9 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   35     |   55     |   20   | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   42½    |   58½    |   16   | Do.       do.

Average time of walking the mile, 16 minutes 19 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 31½ minutes.


Sixteenth Day.--June 16.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |    1     |   18     |   17   | Cool and cloudy.
      2 |   42     |   58½    |   16½  | Cool and pleasant.
      3 |    5     |   22     |   17   | Do.       do.
      4 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Cool and clear.
      5 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Do. and sunshine.
      7 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   40     |   56     |   16   | Do.       do.
      9 |    2½    |   19     |   16½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   36     |   54     |   18   | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Cool and pleasant.
  D. 12 |   40     |   56     |   16   | Do.       do.
      1 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Rather warm.
      2 |   42     |   57½    |   15½  | Cloudy and cool.
      3 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.       do.
      4 |   37½    |   54½    |   17   | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Clear and cool.
      7 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   40     |   56     |   16   | Do.       do.
      9 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Cool and windy.
     11 |     ½    |   16     |   15½  | Cool, windy, and cloudy.
  N. 12 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Cool, with wind.

Average time of walking the mile, 16 minutes 10⅓ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 30 minutes.


Seventeenth Day.--June 17.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Cool with wind.
      2 |   41½    |   58½    |   17   | Windy with rain.
      3 |    5     |   23     |   18   | Do. and cloudy.
      4 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Do. with rain.
      5 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do. but fair.
      6 |   41½    |   58½    |   17   | Do. and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.      do.
      8 |   39     |   55     |   16   | Cool and windy.
      9 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.      do.
     10 |   41     |   56     |   15   | Windy and cloudy.
     11 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.      do.
  D. 12 |   41     |   56     |   15   | Cool, and pleasant.
      1 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.      do.
      2 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Very windy and cloudy.
      3 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.      do.
      4 |   38     |   55     |   17   | Windy and cloudy.
      5 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.      do.
      6 |   40½    |   57     |   16½  | Hot, with sunshine.
      7 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.      do.
      8 |   41     |   57½    |   16½  | Cool, with wind.
      9 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.      do.
     10 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Do.      do.
     11 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Windy and cloudy.
  N. 12 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Cool, windy, and star-light.

Average time of walking the mile, 16 minutes 34 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 38 minutes.


Eighteenth Day.--June 18.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Cool, windy, and star-light.
      2 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Windy and cold.
      3 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Do.      do.
      4 |   42     |   58½    |   16½  | Cold and clear.
      5 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   42½    |   59     |   16½  | Windy and stormy.
      7 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.      do.
      8 |   39½    |   55     |   15½  | Do.      do.
      9 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Very windy and dusty.
     10 |   43     |   57½    |   14½  | Windy and cloudy.
     11 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.      do.
  D. 12 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Do.      do.
      1 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Cool and windy.
      2 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Windy and stormy.
      3 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   40     |   55     |   15   | Windy and cloudy.
      5 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Cool and pleasant.
      6 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Do.      do.
      7 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Warm, with wind.
      8 |   42½    |   57     |   14½  | Cool and fine.
      9 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.      do.
     10 |   41     |   58½    |   17½  | Cool and pleasant.
     11 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.      do.
  N. 12 |   42     |   58½    |   16½  | Do. star-light.

Average time of walking the mile, 16 minutes 20 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 6 hours 32 minutes.


Nineteenth Day.--June 19.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |    1     |   18     |   17   | Cool and star-light.
      2 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Clear, and sharp air.
      3 |    4     |   18     |   14   | Do.        do.
      4 |   41½    |   59     |   17½  | Cool and clear.
      5 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do. with sunshine.
      6 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Do.        do.
      7 |     ½    |   18½    |   18   | Do.        do.
      8 |   38½    |   55     |   16½  | Do.        do.
      9 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Hot with do.
     10 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Do.        do.
     11 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.        do.
  D. 12 |   34     |   52     |   18   | Very hot.
      1 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.        do.
      2 |   40½    |   57½    |   17   | Do. with sunshine.
      3 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.        do.
      4 |   38½    |   55½    |   17   | Hot and cloudy.
      5 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.        do.
      6 |   40     |   56½    |   16½  | Do.        do.
      7 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.        do.
      8 |   35½    |   54     |   18½  | Cool and pleasant.
      9 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.        do.
     10 |   42     |   58     |   16   | Cool and cloudy.
     11 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do. and pleasant.
  N. 12 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Do.        do.

Average time of walking the mile, 17 minutes.--Total, (24 miles,) 6 hours
48 minutes.


Twentieth Day.--June 20.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |    1     |   18     |   17   | Cool and pleasant.
      2 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Cloudy, with rain.
      3 |    1     |   17½    |   16½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   41½    |   58½    |   17   | Do. and warm.
      5 |    1     |   17     |   16   | Do.       do.
      6 |   41½    |   58½    |   17   | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   38     |   56     |   18   | Do.       do.
      9 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Cool and cloudy.
     10 |   41½    |   57     |   15½  | Do.       do.
     11 |    1     |   18½    |   17½  | Warm and cloudy.
  D. 12 |   40½    |   57     |   16½  | Hot and do.
      1 |     ½    |   18½    |   18   | Do.       do.
      2 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Very hot, do.
      3 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   36     |   53½    |   17   | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do. sunshine.
      6 |   38½    |   55½    |   17   | Do.       do.
      7 |    4½    |   21     |   16½  | Warm with do.
      8 |   41     |   57     |   16   | Cool and fine.
      9 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.       do.
     10 |   40     |   56½    |   16½  | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   16½    |   16   | Cool, and star-light.
  N. 12 |   42     |   58½    |   16½  | Cool and pleasant.

Average time of walking the mile, 16 minutes, 48 seconds.--Total, (24
miles) 6 hours 43½ minutes.


Twenty-first Day.--June 21.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |    1     |   18     |   17   | Cool and pleasant.
      2 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Warm and cloudy.
      3 |    3     |   18½    |   15½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   41½    |   58½    |   17   | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   41½    |   58½    |   17   | Do.      do.
      7 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do. and sunshine.
      8 |   38     |   56½    |   18½  | Do.      do.
      9 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   40     |   57½    |   17½  | Do. and pleasant.
     11 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.      do.
  D. 12 |   40     |   57½    |   17½  | Do.      do.
      1 |    1     |   17½    |   16½  | Do.      do.
      2 |   40     |   57½    |   17½  | Do. with wind.
      3 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.      do.
      4 |   37½    |   56     |   18½  | Do. and windy.
      5 |    1     |   20     |   19   | Do.      do.
      6 |   38     |   56     |   18   | Do. with sunshine.
      7 |    2     |   21     |   19   | Clear and pleasant.
      8 |   37     |   57     |   20   | Mild and clear.
      9 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   39     |   56½    |   17½  | Clear, and moon-light.
     11 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.      do.
  N. 12 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Mild.

Average time of walking the mile, 17 minutes 36 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 2½ minutes.


Twenty-second Day.--June 22.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Mild and pleasant.
      2 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Do.         do.
      3 |    4     |   19½    |   15½  | Do.         do.
      4 |   41½    |   58     |   16½  | Do. with sunshine.
      5 |    2     |   18½    |   16½  | Do.         do.
      6 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Do.         do.
      7 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.         do.
      8 |   37     |   57½    |   20½  | Hot with    do.
      9 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Calm with   do.
     10 |   40½    |   58     |   17½  | Do.         do.
     11 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Hot and cloudy.
  D. 12 |   35     |   54     |   19   | Do.         do.
      1 |     ½    |   18½    |   18   | Do.         do.
      2 |   40     |   58½    |   18½  | Do.         do.
      3 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.         do.
      4 |   38     |   55     |   17   | Do.         do.
      5 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.         do.
      6 |   38     |   56½    |   18½  | Very dry, with sunshine.
      7 |    6     |   23     |   17   | Hot with         do.
      8 |   38     |   57     |   19   | Warm, with wind.
      9 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Do.         do.
     10 |   40     |   56     |   16   | Do.         do.
     11 |     ½    |   17     |   16½  | Calm, and moon-light.
  N. 12 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Do.           do.

Average time of walking the mile, 16 minutes, 36 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 2½ minutes.


Twenty-third Day.--June 23.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Calm.
      2 |   42     |   59     |   17   | Do. cloudy and warm.
      3 |    5     |   22     |   17   | Do.      do.
      4 |   40½    |   58     |   17½  | Cool, with wet fog.
      5 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.      do.
      6 |   41     |   58     |   17   | Do.      do.
      7 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.      do.
      8 |   36     |   54     |   18   | Hot, with sunshine.
      9 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Very hot, with do.
     10 |   39½    |   58     |   18½  | Do.      do.
     11 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.      do.
  D. 12 |   35½    |   55½    |   20   | Do.      do.
      1 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.      do.
      2 |   39     |   57     |   18   | Do.      do.
      3 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   36     |   55½    |   19½  | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   37     |   56½    |   19½  | Do.      do.
      7 |    1     |   22     |   21   | Warm, with some wind.
      8 |   35     |   55     |   20   | Do. and fine.
      9 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   39     |   58     |   19   | Do.      do. moon-light.
     11 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.      do.     do.
  N. 12 |   41     |   59     |   18   | Do.      do.

Average time of walking the mile, 18 minutes 30¼ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 24½ minutes.


Twenty-fourth Day.--June 24.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Cool and cloudy.
      2 |   41½    |   59     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      3 |    5     |   22     |   17   | Do.       do.
      4 |   40     |   58     |   18   | Warm, with wet fog.
      5 |     ½    |   17½    |   17   | Do.       do.
      6 |   39     |   57½    |   18½  | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do. with sunshine.
      8 |   26     |   45     |   19   | Clear, with do.
      9 |    5     |   22     |   17   | Cool and pleasant.
     10 |   38     |   57     |   19   | Warm, with sunshine.
     11 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   38     |   57     |   19   | Do.       do.
      1 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Hot, with do.
      2 |   39     |   58     |   19   | Do.       do.
      3 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do. and cloudy.
      4 |   39     |   58     |   19   | Very hot, with sunshine.
      5 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   36½    |   56     |   19½  | Hot and cloudy.
      7 |    2     |   20     |   18   | Do.       do.
      8 |   37     |   56     |   19   | Do.       do.
      9 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   39     |   57     |   18   | Calm and fine.
     11 |     ½    |   18½    |   18   | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   40     |   58½    |   18½  | Cloudy, with wind.

Average time of walking each mile, 18 minutes 30 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 24 minutes.


Twenty-fifth Day.--June 25.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   18½    |   18   | Cloudy, with wind.
      2 |   39     |   57½    |   18½  | Cool and cloudy.
      3 |    3     |   20     |   17   | Do.      do.
      4 |   39     |   58     |   19   | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   39     |   58     |   19   | Windy and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.      do.
      8 |   38     |   58     |   20   | Do.      do.
      9 |    3½    |   23     |   19½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   40     |   58½    |   18½  | Do.      do.
     11 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do. and dusty.
  D. 12 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Do. Do.
      1 |    1½    |   21     |   19½  | Do.      do.
      2 |   39½    |   57½    |   18   | Do.      do.
      3 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do. and dry.
      4 |   37½    |   55½    |   18   | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do. and cloudy.
      6 |   39     |   56½    |   17½  | Do. with sunshine.
      7 |    1½    |   19½    |   18   | Do. and cloudy.
      8 |   38     |   57     |   19   | A sharp wind.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   40     |   58     |   18   | Cool and dry.
     11 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.      do.
  N. 12 |   40     |   58½    |   18½  | Do. but pleasant.

Average time of walking the mile, 18 minutes 39 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 27½ minutes.


Twenty-sixth Day.--June 26.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Cool and pleasant.
      2 |   38½    |   58     |   19½  | Cool and clear.
      3 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   38     |   56     |   18   | Windy and clear.
      5 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      6 |   38     |   58     |   20   | Do.   and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.   and clear.
      8 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Do.   with sunshine.
      9 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
     10 |   37     |   54     |   17   | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   34     |   52     |   18   | Do.       do.
      1 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      2 |   38½    |   56½    |   18   | Do.       do.
      3 |    2     |   21     |   19   | Do.       do.
      4 |   38     |   57     |   19   | Hot with do.
      5 |    1     |   20½    |   19½  | Do.   and windy.
      6 |   37½    |   56     |   18½  | Do.       sunshine.
      7 |    3½    |   23½    |   20   | Do.       do.
      8 |   36     |   55½    |   19½  | Cool, fine, and calm.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   40     |   58     |   18   | Do.   but pleasant.
     11 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   40     |   58     |   18   | Cloudy.

Average time of walking the mile, 18 minutes 46¼ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 30½ minutes.


Twenty-seventh Day.--June 27.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Calm and foggy.
      2 |   38     |   57     |   18   | Do.       do.
      3 |    4     |   24     |   20   | Do.       do.
      4 |   22     |   58½    |   36½  | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      6 |   38½    |   58½    |   20   | Cool and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      8 |   36½    |   56½    |   20   | Windy and dry.
      9 |     ½    |   23     |   22½  | Cool and pleasant.
     10 |   39     |   57½    |   18½  | Windy and dry.
     11 |    4     |   24     |   20   | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   38     |   55     |   17   | Do.   with sunshine.
      1 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      2 |   36½    |   55½    |   19   | Do.   with rain.
      3 |    2½    |   22½    |   20   | Do.       do.
      4 |   38     |   55½    |   17½  | Do.   and cloudy.
      5 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.    do. and rain.
      6 |   36½    |   55½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      7 |    3     |   19½    |   16½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   37     |   55½    |   18½  | Cold, windy, and rain.
      9 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
     10 |   40     |   58     |   18   | Do.   with rain.
     11 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   40     |   58     |   18   | Cool and cloudy.

Average time of walking the mile, 19 minutes 36¼ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 50½ minutes.


Twenty-eighth Day.--June 28.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   18     |   17½  | Cool and cloudy.
      2 |   38½    |   58     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      3 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   37½    |   56     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   38     |   56½    |   18½  | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   36½    |   55½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      9 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   40     |   58     |   18   | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   37     |   55     |   18   | Do.       do.
      1 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      2 |   33½    |   55½    |   22   | Hot and cloudy.
      3 |    5     |   24     |   19   | Cloudy and rainy.
      4 |   38     |   56½    |   18½  | Hot, with sunshine.
      5 |    1     |   20     |   19   | Do.       do.
      6 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Calm and cloudy.
      7 |    1½    |   20     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Cool and pleasant.
      9 |    1     |   20     |   19   | Do.       do.
     10 |   40     |   58     |   18   | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   19     |   18   | Do.  with wind.
  N. 12 |   40     |   58     |   18   | Do.    do. and cloudy.

Average time of walking the mile, 18 minutes 45 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 30 minutes.


Twenty-ninth Day.--June 29.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Cloudy, with wind.
      2 |   38     |   59     |   21   | Cool and cloudy.
      3 |    4     |   23½    |   19½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   38     |   56     |   18   | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      6 |   36½    |   56     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      8 |   38     |   55     |   19   | Do.       do.
      9 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   38     |   55     |   17   | Do.       do.
     11 |    4     |   20½    |   16½  | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   37     |   56     |   19   | Do. and pleasant.
      1 |    1     |   20     |   19   | Do.       do.
      2 |   38     |   57½    |   19½  | Do.       do.
      3 |    2½    |   19½    |   17   | Do.       do.
      4 |   38     |   56½    |   18½  | Do.       do.
      5 |    5     |   24     |   19   | Do.       do.
      6 |   37½    |   56½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   38     |   57     |   19   | Cold and windy.
      9 |    2½    |   22     |   19½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   40     |   59     |   19   | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   40     |   57½    |   17½  | Cool and pleasant.

Average time of walking the mile, 18 minutes 45 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 30 minutes.


Thirtieth Day.--June 30.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Cool and pleasant.
      2 |   36     |   54     |   18   | Warm and cloudy.
      3 |    2     |   20½    |   18½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   37½    |   58½    |   21   | Calm and foggy.
      5 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   21½    |   50½    |   29   | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   38     |   57     |   19   | Hot and cloudy.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   39     |   57½    |   18½  | Cool and pleasant.
     11 |    4½    |   23½    |   19   | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   35     |   55     |   20   | Warm, with rain.
      1 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      2 |   37½    |   56     |   19½  | Hot and cloudy.
      3 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      4 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   38½    |   56     |   17½  | Calm, with rain.
      7 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      8 |   38     |   58     |   20   | Cool and pleasant.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   38     |   58     |   20   | Warm and cloudy.
     11 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   38     |   59     |   21   | Cool and pleasant.

Average time of walking the mile, 19 minutes 1¼ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 52½ minutes.


Thirty-first Day.--July 1.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Cool and cloudy.
      2 |   36     |   58½    |   22½  | Do.       do.
      3 |    3     |   22     |   19   | Do.       do.
      4 |   36     |   58     |   22   | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   24     |   23½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   26½    |   50     |   23½  | Hot and cloudy.
      7 |    5     |   25     |   20   | Do.       do.
      8 |   35½    |   54     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      9 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   36     |   56½    |   20½  | Pleasant, with a fine breeze.
     11 |    2     |   22½    |   20½  | Warm, with rain.
  D. 12 |   37     |   57     |   20   | Cool and pleasant.
      1 |    1½    |   22     |   20½  | Do.  and cloudy.
      2 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Warm and do.
      3 |     ½    |   18½    |   18   | Do.       do.
      4 |   37     |   56     |   19   | Hot, with sunshine.
      5 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   37     |   56½    |   18½  | Do.       do.
      7 |    1½    |   20     |   18½  | Warm and fine.
      8 |   37     |   56     |   19   | Do.       do.
      9 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   38     |   59     |   21   | Cool and fine.
     11 |    1     |   21     |   20   | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   37     |   58     |   21   | Do.       do.

Average time of walking the mile, 20 minutes 6¼ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 8 hours 2½ minutes.


Thirty-second Day.--July 2.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |    3     |   23     |   20   | Cool and fine.
      2 |   36     |   57     |   21   | Cloudy and calm.
      3 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   37     |   57½    |   20½  | Calm and pleasant.
      5 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Hot and cloudy.
      6 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Do.       do.
      7 |    4     |   22     |   18   | Do.  with sunshine.
      8 |   37½    |   59     |   21½  | Do.       do.
      9 |    8     |   28     |   20   | Do.       do.
     10 |   39     |   59     |   20   | Do.       do.
     11 |    9     |   29     |   20   | Do.  with rain.
  D. 12 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Do.       do.
      1 |    3     |   25     |   22   | Warm and cloudy.
      2 |   37     |   57½    |   20½  | Do.  and rain.
      3 |    1     |   22     |   21   | Do.       do.
      4 |   38     |   59     |   21   | Do.       do.
      5 |    3     |   22     |   19   | Do.       do.
      6 |   37½    |   56     |   18½  | Do.       do.
      7 |    3½    |   24     |   20½  | Hot and cloudy.
      8 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Warm, fair, and fine.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   36     |   58     |   22   | Cool and cloudy.
     11 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Windy and do.
  N. 12 |   37     |   58     |   21   | Do.       do.

Average time of walking the mile, 20 minutes, 3¾ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 8 hours 1½ minutes.


Thirty-third Day.--July 3.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |    2     |   22     |   20   | Cloudy, with wind.
      2 |   36     |   59     |   23   | Cool, with wind.
      3 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.       do.
      4 |   35½    |   56½    |   21   | Do.   and cloudy.
      5 |    4     |   24     |   20   | Do.       do.
      6 |   33     |   54     |   21   | Cool and sunshine.
      7 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   37     |   57     |   20   | Fair, but cloudy.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.   but cloudy.
     10 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Windy and rainy.
     11 |    1     |   20     |   19   | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   38     |   57     |   19   | Do.       do.
      1 |     ½    |   22     |   20½  | Do.       do.
      2 |   38     |   57     |   19   | Cool and cloudy.
      3 |    3     |   22     |   19   | Do.       do.
      4 |   36     |   56½    |   20½  | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   37     |   58     |   21   | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.  do. with rain.
      8 |   38     |   58     |   20   | Do.       do.
      9 |    1½    |   22     |   20½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   35     |   56     |   21   | Do.       do.
     11 |    1     |   21     |   10   | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   35     |   58     |   23   | Very rainy, and cold.

Average time of walking the mile, 19 minutes 50 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 56 minutes.


Thirty-fourth Day.--July 4.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Cold and rainy.
      2 |   35     |   58     |   23   | Do.       do.
      3 |    7     |   28     |   21   | Do.       do.
      4 |   36     |   56½    |   20½  | Cool, cloudy, and dry.
      5 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      6 |   34     |   55     |   21   | Cool and rainy.
      7 |    2     |   22     |   20   | Do.       do.
      8 |   37     |   56     |   19   | Warm, with rain.
      9 |    7     |   28     |   21   | Do.   but dry.
     10 |   36     |   56½    |   20½  | Do.   with sunshine.
     11 |   12     |   29     |   17   | Cool, with rain.
  D. 12 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Do.   but dry.
      1 |    2½    |   22     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      2 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Do.    do. and cloudy.
      3 |    1     |   20     |   19   | Do.       do.
      4 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Do.    do. and dry.
      5 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      6 |   36½    |   56     |   19½  | Dry and sunshine.
      7 |    5     |   24     |   19   | Do.       do.
      8 |   35     |   54½    |   19½  | Cool and fine.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   33     |   54     |   21   | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
  N. 12 |   35     |   57     |   22   | Do.       do.

Average time of walking each mile, 19 minutes 58¾ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 7 hours 59½ minutes.


Thirty-fifth Day.--July 5.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Moonlight, and fine.
      2 |   36     |   59     |   23   | Moon and star-light.
      3 |    5     |   26     |   21   | Do.       do.
      4 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Cool and pleasant.
      5 |     ½    |   19½    |   19   | Do.       do.
      6 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Do.  and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Warm, with some rain.
      8 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Do.       do.
      9 |    6     |   25     |   19   | Do.       do.
     10 |   35     |   56     |   21   | Fine, but cloudy.
     11 |    2     |   21     |   19   | Do.       do.
  D. 12 |   35     |   54     |   19   | Do.       do.
      1 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Cloudy, with rain.
      2 |   37     |   56     |   19   | Cool and fair.
      3 |    3     |   19½    |   16½  | Do.  with sunshine.
      4 |   36½    |   57     |   20½  | Do.       do.
      5 |     ½    |   20½    |   20   | Do.       do.
      6 |   36½    |   57     |   20½  | Do.       do.
      7 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.       do.
      8 |   36     |   57½    |   21½  | Do.  and cloudy.
      9 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.       do.
     10 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Do.       do.
     11 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Moon and star-light.
  N. 12 |   35     |   58     |   23   | Do.       do.

Average time of walking the mile, 20 minutes 2½ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 8 hours 1 minute.


Thirty-sixth Day.--July 6.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   23     |   22½  | Moon and star-light.
      2 |   35½    |   58     |   22½  | Cool and cloudy.
      3 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   37½    |   57     |   19½  | Do.  and raining.
      5 |     ½    |   19     |   18½  | Do.  and dry.
      6 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Warm and do.
      7 |    1     |   19½    |   18½  | Cloudy.
      8 |   37½    |   56½    |   19   | Cool, with some rain.
      9 |    3     |   22     |   19   | Warm, with do.
     10 |   37     |   56     |   19   | Do.      do.
     11 |    1     |   21     |   20   |  Pleasant.
  D. 12 |   37     |   55½    |   18½  | Cool, with a fine breeze.
      1 |    3     |   23     |   20   | Do.      do.
      2 |   37     |   57     |   20   | Do.      do.
      3 |    1     |   21     |   20   | Warm, with sunshine.
      4 |   36½    |   57     |   20½  | Hot, with do.
      5 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   36     |   57     |   21   | Warm with do.
      7 |    8     |   29     |   21   | Cool and pleasant.
      8 |   38     |   57     |   19   | Do.      do.
      9 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   36     |   58     |   22   | Do.      do.
     11 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
  N. 12 |   35     |   57     |   22   | Do.      do.

Average time of walking the mile, 20 minutes, 9 seconds.--Total, (24
miles) 8 hours 3½ minutes.


Thirty-seventh Day.--July 7.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Cool.
      2 |   36     |   58½    |   22½  | Cold.
      3 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Cool and cloudy.
      4 |   37     |   58     |   21   | Do.      do.
      5 |    2     |   23     |   21   | Do.      do.
      6 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Calm and raining.
      7 |   10     |   30     |   20   | Do.      do.
      8 |   36     |   57     |   21   | Cloudy, with rain.
      9 |    7     |   30     |   23   | Do.      do.
     10 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Do.      do.
     11 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
  D. 12 |   36½    |   55½    |   19   | Do.      do.
      1 |    1     |   20     |   19   | Do.      do.
      2 |   36½    |   56½    |   20   | Cool and dry.
      3 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   36     |   56½    |   20½  | Warm, with sunshine.
      5 |    2     |   21     |   19   | Hot, with do.
      6 |   36½    |   55     |   18½  | Do.      do.
      7 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
      8 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Pleasant.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Cool and pleasant.
     10 |   35     |   56     |   21   | Dark and gloomy.
     11 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Do.      do.
  N. 12 |   36     |   59     |   23   | Do.  with lightning.

Average time of walking the mile, 20 minutes 15 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 8 hours 6 minutes.


Thirty-eighth Day.--July 8.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Dark, with lightning.
      2 |   37     |   59     |   22   | Cool and pleasant.
      3 |     ½    |   23     |   21½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   38     |   59     |   21   | Do.  and cloudy.
      5 |     ½    |   20½    |   20   | Do.      do.
      6 |   35     |   55     |   20   | Do.      do.
      7 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Thunder, lightning & rain.
      8 |   38     |   57     |   19   | Much rain.
      9 |   13     |   32     |   19   | Do.
     10 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Warm and cloudy.
     11 |    1     |   21     |   20   | Do.      do.
  D. 12 |   36     |   55     |   19   | Do.      do.
      1 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      2 |   35½    |   55     |   19½  | Do.      do.
      3 |    4     |   24     |   20   | Do.      do.
      4 |   36½    |   55½    |   19   | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   20½    |   20   | Do.      do.
      6 |   36     |   55½    |   19½  | Cool and cloudy.
      7 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      8 |   35     |   55     |   20   | Do.      do.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   35     |   58     |   23   | Cold and do.
     11 |    1     |   22½    |   21½  | Do.      do.
  N. 12 |   36     |   59     |   23   | Do.      do.

Average time of walking the mile, 20 minutes 23¾ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 8 hours 9½ minutes.


Thirty-ninth Day.--July 9.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   22½    |   22   | Cold and cloudy, with rain.
      2 |   36     |   58     |   22   | Cold wind, with rain.
      3 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   35     |   58     |   23   | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   21½    |   21   | Do.      do.
      6 |   36½    |   56     |   19½  | Do. high wind, but dry.
      7 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      8 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Do.      do.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   35     |   55     |   20   | Do.      do.
     11 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
  D. 12 |   35     |   54     |   19   | Do.   and cold.
      1 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
      2 |   37½    |   57     |   19½  | Do.      do.
      3 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.   with rain.
      4 |   36     |   57     |   21   | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   37     |   56     |   19   | Do.      do.
      7 |     ½    |   23     |   22½  | Do.      do.
      8 |   37     |   57     |   20   | Do.      do.
      9 |    1     |   22     |   21   | Wind and do.
     10 |   36     |   57     |   21   | Do.      do.
     11 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
  N. 12 |   37     |   58     |   21   | Do.   do. and dark.

Average time of walking the mile, 20 minutes 30½ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 8 hours 11½ minutes.


Fortieth Day.--July 10.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Windy, dark, and rain.
      2 |   37     |   59     |   22   | Very windy, with do.
      3 |     ½    |   24     |   23½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   36½    |   57     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Very rainy and windy.
      7 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      8 |   36     |   57     |   21   | High wind, cold, and rain.
      9 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   35     |   56     |   21   | Do.      do.
     11 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
  D. 12 |   35     |   54     |   19   | Fair, but cloudy.
      1 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      2 |   35     |   55½    |   20½  | Windy, cold, and dry.
      3 |     ½    |   20     |   19½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   35     |   54½    |   19½  | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   36     |   56     |   20   | Do.      do.
      7 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      8 |   34     |   55     |   21   | Do.      do.
      9 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   34     |   57     |   23   | Do.      do.
     11 |     ½    |   25     |   24½  | Do.      do.
  N. 12 |   34     |   58     |   24   | Do.      do.

Average time of walking the mile, 20 minutes 54 seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 8 hours 21½ minutes.


Forty-first Day.--July 11.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   22½    |   22   | Cold, windy, and dry.
      2 |   33     |   58     |   25   | Do.      do. and cloudy.
      3 |     ½    |   24½    |   24   | Do.      do.
      4 |   31½    |   53     |   21½  | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   35     |   56½    |   21½  | Do.      do.
      7 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Do.      do.
      8 |   35     |   56½    |   21½  | Do.      do.
      9 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   35     |   57     |   22   | Do.      do.
     11 |    4     |   24     |   20   | Windy and sunshine.
  D. 12 |   33     |   54     |   21   | Do.      do.
      1 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      2 |   35     |   56     |   21   | Do.      do.
      3 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   35½    |   55½    |   20   | Cool and do.
      5 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   36     |   56½    |   20½  | Do.      do.
      7 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Do.      do.
      8 |   37     |   57     |   20   | Do. but pleasant.
      9 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Do.      do.
     10 |   35     |   57     |   22   | Do.      do.
     11 |     ½    |   24     |   23½  | Do.      do.
  N. 12 |   31     |   56     |   25   | Do.      do.

Average time of walking the mile, 21 minutes 38¾ seconds.--Total, (24
miles,) 8 hours 39½ minutes.


Forty-second Day.--July 12.

  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
   Hour.| Started  | Returned |Time per| State of the Weather.
        |min. past.|min. past.| Mile.  |
  ------+----------+----------+--------+------------------------------
  M.  1 |     ½    |   24½    |   24   | Cool and pleasant.
      2 |   35     |   55     |   20   | Do.      do.
      3 |     ½    |   25     |   24½  | Do.      do.
      4 |   34     |   56½    |   22½  | Do.      do.
      5 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      6 |   35     |   56     |   21   | Do. with sunshine.
      7 |    7     |   28     |   21   | Do.      do.
      8 |   35     |   55½    |   20½  | Warm, with do.
      9 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Hot, do.
     10 |   34     |   55     |   21   | Very hot, and do.
     11 |     ½    |   22     |   21½  | Do.      do.
  D. 12 |   35     |   55     |   20   | Do.      do.
      1 |     ½    |   21     |   20½  | Do.      do.
      2 |   30     |   52     |   22   | Do.      do.
      3 |   15     |   37     |   22   | Hot, but pleasant.

Average time of walking the mile, 21 minutes, 30 seconds.--Total, (15
miles,) 5 hours 22½ minutes.

       *       *       *       *       *

Captain Barclay walked 1000 miles in 296 hours; or, in 12 days, and 8
hours, being at the rate of about 81 miles and 142 yards in 24 hours.

It will be perceived by the average time taken to perform the mile, as
stated in the preceding Journal, how much Capt. Barclay declined each
day in the progress of this match: the difficulty of its accomplishment
gradually increasing as he approached the termination. By taking the
average of the different weeks, it appears, that he walked the mile
during the first week in 14 minutes and 54 seconds; in the second, he
required 16 minutes; third week, 16 minutes 41 seconds; fourth, 18
minutes 36 seconds; fifth, 19 minutes 41 seconds; and in the sixth
week, 21 minutes 4 seconds.--During the first week, his average rate of
performing was something more than four miles an hour; and in the last
week, somewhat less than three miles.




CHAPTER V.

SKETCHES OF CAPT. BARCLAY’S FAVOURITE PURSUITS, AND GENERAL MODE OF
LIVING.


Robert Barclay Allardice, Esq. of Ury, succeeded his father in the
eighteenth year of his age. He was born in the month of August 1779, and
at eight years, was sent to England to receive his education. He remained
four years at Richmond School, and three years at Brixton Causeway.
His academical studies were completed at Cambridge; after which, he
embarked on the great theatre of life, under the protection of curators,
who managed his affairs, in terms of his father’s settlement, until he
arrived at the age of twenty-one.

He is descended from an ancient and honourable family[18], and is known
in the sporting world by the title of CAPTAIN BARCLAY. His favourite
pursuits have ever been the art of agriculture, as the serious business
of his life, and the manly sports, as his amusement or recreation.

The improvement of his extensive estates has occupied much of his
attention, and he is well acquainted with every thing relative to modern
husbandry. His taste for rural affairs is hereditary, and his knowledge
of them is derived from experience. The example of his father, who raised
his rental from three hundred pounds a year, to several thousands, was an
irresistible stimulus to an ardent mind; and Capt. Barclay, by pursuing
the plan adopted by his immediate predecessor, has greatly augmented the
value of his property, which is still increasing, and in a few years will
produce ten thousand pounds annually.

His love of the athletic exercises may proceed from the strong
conformation of his body, and great muscular strength. But his
predilection for the manly sports has never interfered with his important
business, or in any manner, retarded the improvement of his estate. And
what may appear difficult or impossible to a man of ordinary frame, is
to him quite easily accomplished. His usual rate of travelling on foot
is six miles an hour, and to walk from twenty to thirty miles before
breakfast, is a favourite amusement. To a person so constructed by nature
and habit, long journies on foot or on horseback--the chase, or gymnastic
sports--are nothing more than that moderate degree of exercise which is
necessary to the preservation of health.

His style of walking is to bend forward the body, and to throw its weight
on the knees. His step is short, and his feet are raised only a few
inches from the ground. Any person who will try this plan will find, that
his pace will be quickened, at the same time he will walk with more ease
to himself, and be better able to endure the fatigue of a long journey,
than by walking in a posture perfectly erect, which throws too much of
the weight of the body on the ancle-joints. He always uses thick-soled
shoes, and lambs-wool stockings, which preserve his feet from injury. It
is a good rule to shift the stockings frequently during the performance
of a long distance; but it is indispensably requisite to have shoes with
thick soles, and so large, that all unnecessary pressure on the feet may
be avoided.

Capt. Barclay’s great muscular power has been evinced in his various
pedestrian feats, recorded in the previous Chapter; but it remains to be
noticed, that, in his arms particularly, he possesses uncommon strength,
as exemplified in the following performances.

In April 1806, while in Suffolk with the 23d regiment, although only
twenty years of age, he offered a bet of one thousand guineas, which
was not accepted, that he would lift from the ground the weight of half
a ton. He tried the experiment, however, and having obtained a number
of weights which were fastened together by a rope through the rings, he
lifted twenty-one half hundred weights. He afterwards, with a straight
arm, threw a half hundred weight the distance of eight yards, and over
his head the same weight, a distance of five yards. In the mess-room,
Capt. Keith, the paymaster of the 23d regiment, who weighed eighteen
stones, stood upon Capt. Barclay’s right hand, and, being steadied by his
left, he thus took him up and set him on the table.

He has performed many similar feats; and few men are able to match him
in those sports which are analagous to the English game of quoits, or
what the ancients termed the Discus. But the deltoid muscle of his arm
is uncommonly large, and expanded in a manner that indicates very great
strength.

His predecessors have always been remarkable for their muscular power.
Colonel Barclay, the first of Ury, was upwards of six feet in height;
and his sword, which still remains, is too heavy to be wielded “in these
degenerate days.” Many popular stories are told of the feats of strength
performed by his great-grandfather; and the late Mr. Barclay of Ury, it
is well known, was uncommonly powerful. The name BARCLAY is of Celtic
origin, and implies great strength[19].

Capt. Barclay’s partiality to the exercise of walking, induces him to
prefer it to any other mode of travelling; and, except when hunting, he
is seldom on horseback. While he carried on the improvements of his
estate, as a practical farmer, by retaining in his own possession, and
cultivating considerable tracts of land, he frequently had occasion to
go to the Highlands of Scotland, for the purpose of purchasing STOCK;
and in these expeditions he always travelled on foot. He was generally
accompanied by a Mr. Molyson, who is one of those respectable tenants
who occupy his estate. Mr. Molyson is very much skilled in every thing
relative to the value of land, and agricultural industry, and was bred to
the profession of a farmer by the late Mr. Barclay of Ury. He is a man
of large stature, and stands six feet three inches. He is strongly, but
proportionally and handsomely made, and is a noted pedestrian[20].

Previously to Capt. Barclay’s undertaking his astonishing performance
of one thousand miles in one thousand successive hours, he wished an
experiment tried on the same plan; and Mr. Molyson, for a small wager,
walked one hundred and ninety-two miles in as many successive hours. Mr.
Molyson easily accomplished the undertaking, and it was his opinion that
he could go on for six months. But it has been now fully ascertained,
by the failure of some of the best pedestrians in England[21], that
in attempting the BARCLAY MATCH, little inconveniency is felt for the
first fortnight. It is from the fifteenth to the twentieth day that the
pedestrian begins to feel the arduousness of the undertaking, which
gradually increases as he advances. And although Mr. Molyson was fresh
and in high spirits at the close of the eight days, it is yet probable,
that if he had continued much longer, he would have experienced the same
difficulties that others have done.

The life of a country gentleman, almost every where, but especially in
Scotland, presents little variety, and unless he shall occupy himself
with rural affairs, or entertain a passion for literary pursuits, he
possesses no means of relieving the vacuity of his situation, but such as
arise from field sports. Capt. Barclay, at an early period of his life,
kept a pack of fox-hounds, with which he hunted in Kincardineshire. But
having engaged deeply in the improvement of his estate, he renounced his
pack for more serious concerns, to which, for several years, he wholly
devoted his attention. Having completed those measures of improvement,
however, which he had so laudably undertaken, and his estate being
brought to a system of management that required little exertion on
his part, he entered into the service of his country, and obtained a
commission in the 23d regiment. He went to the continent in the year
1805, his regiment forming part of Lord Cathcart’s army, which was sent
for the protection of Hanover. He was afterwards promoted to a company,
but was not again employed in actual service until the unfortunate
expedition to Walcheren, where he acted in the capacity of aid-de-camp
to Lieut.-Gen. the Marquis of Huntly. He embarked for that pestiferous
island, a few days after he had finished his pedestrian performance
at Newmarket, and, although greatly reduced by the fatigue of that
extraordinary exertion, yet he suffered no injury from the climate of
Walcheren, and returned home in perfect health.--Since that period,
he has not been employed in military transactions, farther than in
commanding the local militia of his native county, which, principally
through his exertions, was brought to a high state of discipline.

Five years ago, a pack of fox-hounds was established in Kincardineshire
by subscription, under the auspices of Capt. Barclay. He regularly
attended the pack, wherever it went, and was scarcely a day absent from
the chace. In summer, the hounds were kept at Ury, but in the hunting
season, they were for weeks stationed at Turriff in Aberdeenshire, and
at Beauchamp in the county of Angus. It was during the residence of
the establishment at these stations, that Capt. Barclay suffered the
greatest personal inconveniency. But his ardour for the chace is such,
that he will endure any degree of fatigue in the pursuit of his favourite
amusement.

During the season 1810-11, he frequently went from Ury to Turriff, a
distance of fifty-one miles, where he arrived to breakfast. He attended
the pack to cover, often fifteen miles from the kennel, and followed the
hounds through all the windings of the chace for twenty or twenty-five
miles farther. He returned with the hounds to the kennel, and, after
taking refreshment, proceeded to Ury, where he generally arrived before
eleven at night. He performed these long journies generally twice a
week, and on the average, the distance was from one hundred and thirty
to a hundred and fifty miles, which he accomplished in about twenty-one
hours. His reluctance to live in a country tavern, and his anxiety to
attend to his affairs at home, were the motives which induced him to
undergo these laborious rides. When a house was fitted up at Turriff for
his accommodation during last season, he seldom returned home after the
chace, but often left Ury in the morning of the day in which he hunted.

During last winter, while the pack was stationed at Beauchamp, he always
left Ury in the morning, and returned to dinner, after hunting. The
distance is thirty-three miles, which, when doubled, and added to the
average distance, to the cover, and length of the chace, was about one
hundred miles. He left Ury generally at five, morning, and returned by
five, afternoon. He performed these journies three times a week for nine
weeks, and considered them only moderate exercise. Although frequently
drenched with rain, he seldom shifted his clothes, experiencing no
inconveniency from wetness. To one thus inured to fatigue, and to
every change of weather, those circumstances which would incommode or
even injure most people, are trivial and insignificant. Capt. Barclay
neither studies the vicissitudes of the weather, nor the changes of the
season, but pursues his plans, either as to business or amusement, with
persevering assiduity.

As the owner of an extensive estate, his intercourse with the
neighbouring proprietors is frequent and friendly; and those whom
either politics or inclination lead him to associate with, are the most
respectable characters of the county. His connection with his tenantry
is supported by all those ties which naturally bind a proprietor to that
useful class of men. They are industrious and thriving. They receive
their farms at a fair price; for he knows the value of the land, and
that his own interest is combined with their prosperity. Under such
circumstances, it is to be expected that much civility will reciprocally
take place. His tenantry accordingly participate warmly in every thing
connected with his welfare, and, in return, his services are ever ready
to promote their comfort and happiness.

Capt. Barclay’s mode of living is plain and unaffected. His table is
always abundantly supplied, and he is fond of society. His hospitality
is of that frank and open kind which sets every man at his ease. With
a condescension extremely agreeable, he directs his attention alike
to every person, and, in consistency with the rules of good-breeding,
the perfect liberty of speech and action is enjoyed by every one who
surrounds him. He is well acquainted with general history, the Greek
and Latin classics, and converses fluently on most subjects that are
introduced in company as topics of discussion. He has stood a candidate
for his native county, which his father so honourably represented in
three parliaments; and in his political sentiments he is moderate and
independent. As far from violently censuring those whose political
conduct he does not approve, as from blindly following the opinions of
those with whom he publicly acts or personally esteems--he thinks for
himself, and judges of measures by their efficacy, or tries them by the
legitimate deductions of rational probability.

In private and in public life, Capt. Barclay has ever evinced inflexible
adherence to those strict principles of honor and integrity which
characterise a gentleman; and, whether as transacting with mankind,
individually, or as a public character, responsible for his opinions and
conduct at the shrine of his country, he has always proved his sincere
respect for the rights of others, and his unfeigned attachment to the
British constitution.




CHAPTER VI.

ON TRAINING.


The art of training for athletic exercises, consists in purifying the
body and strengthening its powers, by certain processes, which thus
qualify a person for the accomplishment of laborious exertions. It was
known to the ancients, who paid much attention to the means of augmenting
corporeal vigour and activity; and accordingly, among the Greeks and
Romans, certain rules of regimen and exercise were prescribed to the
candidates for gymnastic celebrity.

We are not, however, in possession of any detailed account of the
particular kind of DIET in use among the Greeks previously to the solemn
contest at the public games; but we are assured, that the strictest
temperance, sobriety, and regularity in living, were indispensably
requisite. The candidates, at the same time, were subjected to daily
exercise in the GYMNASIUM for ten months, which, with the prescribed
regimen, constituted the preparatory course of training adopted by the
ATHLETÆ of ancient Greece.

Among the Romans, the exercises of the PALÆSTRA degenerated from the rank
of a liberal art, and became a profession, which was embraced only by
the lowest of mankind. The exhibitions of the GLADIATORS were bloody and
ferocious spectacles, which evinced the barbarous taste of the people.
The combatants, however, were regularly trained by proper exercise, and
a strict observance of regimen. In the more early stages, their diet
consisted of dried figs, new cheese, and boiled grain. But afterwards,
animal food was introduced as a part of the athletic regimen, and PORK
was preferred to any other. GALEN asserts, that “pork contains more real
nutriment than the flesh of any other animal which is used as food by
man: this fact,” he adds, “is decidedly proved by the example of the
athletæ, who, if they lived but for one day on any other kind of food,
found their vigour manifestly impaired the next[22].”

The preference given to pork by the ancients, does not correspond with
the practice of modern trainers, who entirely reject it in their regimen:
But in the manner of preparing the food they exactly agree--ROASTING or
BROILING being preferred to BOILING, by both; and bread unfermented, to
that prepared by leaven. A very small quantity of fluid was allowed, and
this was principally water. When the daily exercises of the Athletæ were
finished, they were refreshed by immersion in a tepid bath, “where the
perspiration and sordes were carefully removed from the surface of the
body by the use of the STRYGIL. The skin was then diligently rubbed dry,
and again anointed with oil. If thirsty, they were permitted to drink
a small quantity of warm water. They then took their principal repast,
after which they never used any exercise. They occasionally also went
into the cold bath in the morning. They were permitted to sleep as many
hours as they chose; and great increase of vigour, as well as of bulk,
was supposed to be derived from long-continued and sound repose[23].”

Previously to entering on this regimen, the Athletæ were subjected to
the evacuating process by means of emetics, which they preferred to
purgatives. The sexual intercourse was strictly prohibited. “To exercise
their patience, and accustom them to bear pain without flinching, they
were occasionally flogged on the back with the branches of a kind of
_rhododendron_, till the blood flowed pretty plentifully. By diminishing
the quantity of the circulating fluid, this rough kind of cupping was
also considered as salutary, in obviating the tendency to plethora, to
which they were peculiarly liable[24].”

Pure and salubrious air was deemed a chief requisite; and accordingly
the principal schools of the Roman Athletæ were established at CAPUA and
RAVENNA, the most healthy places in all Italy. They exercised in the open
air, and, by habit, became familiarized to every change of the weather,
the vicissitudes of which soon ceased to affect them.

The manner of training among the ancients bears some resemblance to
that now practised by the moderns. But as their mode of living and
general habits were somewhat different from those of the present age, a
difference of treatment is now required to produce the same effects.

The great object of training, for running, or boxing matches, is, to
increase the muscular strength, and to improve the free action of the
lungs, or WIND, of the person subjected to the process, which is done by
medicines, regimen, and exercise. That this object can be accomplished,
is evident from the nature of the human system. It is well known, (for it
has been demonstrated by experiments,) that every part of the firmest
bones is successively absorbed and deposited. “The bones and their
ligaments, the muscles and their tendons, all the finer, and all the more
flexible parts of the body, are as continually renewed, and as properly a
secretion, as the saliva that flows from the mouth, or the moisture that
bedews the surface. The health of all the parts, and their soundness of
structure, depend on this perpetual absorption and perpetual renovation;
and exercise, by promoting at once absorption and secretion, promotes
life without hurrying it, renovates all the parts, and preserves them apt
and fit for every office[25].”

When the human frame is thus capable of being altered and renovated, it
is not surprising that the art of training should be carried to a degree
of perfection almost incredible; and that by certain processes, the
BREATH, strength, and courage of man, should be so greatly improved as to
enable him to perform the most laborious undertakings. That such effects
have been produced is unquestionable, being fully exemplified in the
astonishing exploits of our most celebrated pedestrians, which are the
infallible results of preparatory discipline.

The skilful trainer attends to the state of the bowels, the lungs, and
the skin; and he uses such means as will reduce the fat, and at the same
time, invigorate the muscular fibres. The patient is purged by drastic
medicines; he is sweated by walking under a load of clothes, and by lying
between feather-beds. His limbs are roughly rubbed. His diet is beef or
mutton; his drink, strong ale; and he is gradually inured to exercise by
repeated trials in walking and running. “By extenuating the fat, emptying
the cellular substance, hardening the muscular fibre, and improving the
breath, a man of the ordinary frame may be made to fight for one hour,
with the utmost exertion of strength and courage[26],” or go over one
hundred miles in twenty-four hours.

The most effectual process for training is that practised by Capt.
Barclay; and the particular method which he has adopted, has not only
been SANCTIONED by professional men, but has met with the unqualified
approbation of amateurs. The following statement, therefore, contains the
most approved rules; and it is presented to the reader, as the result of
much experience, founded on the theoretic principles of the art.

The pedestrian who may be supposed in tolerable condition, enters upon
his training with a regular course of physic, which consists of three
dozes. Glauber Salts are generally preferred; and from one ounce and a
half to two ounces, are taken each time, with an interval of four days
between each doze[27]. After having gone through the course of physic,
he commences his regular exercise, which is gradually increased as he
proceeds in the training. When the object in view is the accomplishment
of a pedestrian match, his regular exercise may be from twenty to
twenty-four miles a day. He must rise at five in the morning, run half
a mile at the top of his speed up-hill, and then walk six miles at a
moderate pace, coming in about seven to breakfast, which should consist
of beef-steaks or mutton-chops under-done, with stale bread and old beer.
After breakfast, he must again walk six miles at a moderate pace, and at
twelve lie down in bed without his clothes for half an hour. On getting
up, he must walk four miles, and return by four to dinner, which should
also be beef-steaks or mutton-chops, with bread and beer as at breakfast.
Immediately after dinner, he must resume his exercise by running half a
mile at the top of his speed, and walking six miles at a moderate pace.
He takes no more exercise for that day, but retires to bed about eight,
and next morning proceeds in the same manner.

After having gone on in this regular course for three or four weeks, the
pedestrian must take a four-mile SWEAT, which is produced by running four
miles, in flannel, at the top of his speed. Immediately on returning, a
hot liquor is prescribed, in order to promote the perspiration, of which
he must drink one English pint. It is termed the SWEATING LIQUOR, and is
composed of the following ingredients, viz. one ounce of caraway-seed;
half an ounce of coriander-seed; one ounce of root liquorice; and half an
ounce of sugar-candy; mixed with two bottles of cyder, and boiled down
to one half. He is then put to bed in his flannels, and being covered
with six or eight pairs of blankets, and a feather-bed, must remain in
this state from twenty-five to thirty minutes, when he is taken out and
rubbed perfectly dry. Being then well wrapt in his great coat, he walks
out gently for two miles, and returns to breakfast, which, on such
occasions, should consist of a roasted fowl. He afterwards proceeds with
his usual exercise. These sweats are continued WEEKLY, till within a few
days of the performance of the match, or, in other words, he must undergo
three or four of these operations. If the stomach of the pedestrian be
foul, an emetic or two must be given, about a week before the conclusion
of the training, and he is now supposed to be in the highest condition.

Besides his usual or regular exercise, a person under training, ought to
employ himself in the intervals in every kind of exertion, which tends to
activity, such as cricket, bowls, throwing quoits, &c. that, during the
whole day, both body and mind may be constantly occupied.

From the above account of Capt. Barclay’s method of training, it will
be seen, that he commences with the evacuating process, and that
three purgative dozes are deemed sufficient to clear any man from the
impurities which it is requisite to throw off, preparatory to entering
on the course of regimen and exercise. And in this stage of the business,
the objects to be attained, are the purification of the animal system,
and the promotion of the digestive powers.

The diet or regimen is the next point of consideration, and it is very
simple. As the intention of the trainer is to preserve the strength
of the pedestrian, he must take care to keep him in good condition by
nourishing food. Animal diet is alone prescribed, and beef and mutton are
preferred. The lean of fat beef cooked in steaks, with very little salt,
is the best, and it should be rather under-done than otherwise. Mutton
being reckoned easy of digestion, may be occasionally given, to vary the
diet, and gratify the taste. The legs of fowls are highly esteemed. It is
preferable to have the meat BROILED, as much of its nutritive qualities
is lost by roasting or boiling[28]. Biscuit and stale bread are the only
preparations of vegetable matter which are permitted to be given; and
every thing inducing flatulency must be carefully avoided. Veal and lamb
are never allowed, nor pork, which operates as a laxative on some people;
and all fat or greasy substances are prohibited, as they induce bile, and
consequently injure the stomach. But it has been proved by experience,
that the lean of meat contains more nourishment than the fat, and in
every case, the most substantial food is preferable to any other kind.

Vegetables, such as turnips, carrots, or potatoes, are never given, as
they are watery, and of difficult digestion. On the same principle, fish
must be avoided, and besides, they are not sufficiently nutritious.
Neither butter nor cheese is allowed; the one being very indigestible,
and the other apt to turn rancid on the stomach. Eggs are also forbidden,
excepting the yolk taken raw in the morning. And it must be remarked,
that salt, spiceries, and all kinds of seasonings, with the exception of
vinegar, are prohibited.

With respect to liquors, they must be always taken cold; and home-brewed
beer, old, but not bottled, is the best. A little red wine, however,
may be given to those who are not fond of malt liquor; but never more
than half a pint after dinner. Too much liquor swells the abdomen, and
of course injures the breath. The quantity of beer, therefore, should
not exceed three pints during the whole day, and it must be taken with
breakfast and dinner, no supper being allowed. Water is never given
alone, and ardent spirits are strictly prohibited, however diluted. It
is an established rule to avoid liquids as much as possible, and no more
liquor of any kind is allowed to be taken than what is merely requisite
to quench the thirst. Milk is never allowed, as it curdles on the
stomach. Soups are not used[29]; nor is any thing liquid taken warm, but
gruel or broth, to promote the operation of the physic; and the sweating
liquor mentioned above. The broth must be cooled in order to take off
the fat, when it may be again warmed; or beef tea may be used in the
same manner, with little or no salt. In the days between the purges, the
pedestrian must be fed as usual, strictly adhering to the nourishing diet
by which he is invigorated.

Profuse sweating is resorted to as an expedient for removing the
superfluities of flesh and fat. Three or four sweats are generally
requisite, and they may be considered the severest part of the process.

Emetics are only prescribed if the stomach be disordered, which may
sometimes happen, when due care is not taken to proportion the quantity
of food to the digestive powers. But in general, the quantity of aliment
is not limited by the trainer, but left entirely to the discretion of
the pedestrian, whose appetite should regulate him in this respect.

Although the chief parts of the training system depend upon SWEATING,
EXERCISE, and FEEDING, yet the object to be obtained by the pedestrian
would be defeated, if these were not adjusted, each to the other, and
to his constitution. The skilful trainer will, therefore, constantly
study the progress of his art, by observing the effect of the processes
separately, and in combination.

If a man retains his health and spirits during the process, improves
in WIND, and increases in strength, it is certain that the object
intended will be obtained. But if otherwise, it is to be apprehended
that some defect exists, through the unskilfulness or mismanagement of
the trainer, which ought instantly to be remedied by such alterations
as the circumstances of the case may demand. It is evident, therefore,
that, in many instances, the trainer must be guided by his judgment,
and that no fixed rules of management can, with absolute certainty, be
depended upon, for producing an invariable and determinate result. But,
in general, it may be calculated, that the known rules are adequate to
the purpose, if the pedestrian strictly adheres to them, and the trainer
bestows a moderate degree of attention to his state and condition during
the progress of the training.

It is farther necessary to remark, that the trainer, before he proceeds
to apply his theory, should make himself acquainted with the constitution
and habits of his patient, that he may be able to judge how far he can,
with safety, carry the different parts of the process. The nature of his
disposition should also be known, that every cause of irritation may be
avoided; for, as it requires great patience and perseverance to undergo
training, every expedient to soothe and encourage the mind should be
adopted.

It is impossible to fix a precise period for the completion of the
training process, as it depends upon the condition of the pedestrian; but
from two to three months, in most cases, will be sufficient, especially
if he be in tolerable condition at the commencement, and possessed
of sufficient perseverance and courage to submit cheerfully to the
privations and hardships to which he must unavoidably be subjected.

Training is indispensably necessary to those who are to engage in
corporeal exertions beyond their ordinary powers. Pedestrians, therefore,
who are matched either against others or against time; and pugilists, who
engage to fight; must undergo the training process before they contend,
as the issue of the contest, if their powers be nearly equal, will, in a
great measure, depend upon their relative condition. But the advantages
of the training system are not confined to pedestrians and pugilists
alone. They extend to every man; and were training generally introduced,
instead of medicines, as an expedient for the prevention and cure of
diseases, its beneficial consequences would promote his happiness, and
prolong his life.

It is well known to physiologists, that both the solids and fluids which
compose the human frame are successively absorbed and deposited. Hence
a perpetual renovation of the parts ensues, regulated, as they are, by
the nature of our food and general habits[30]. It, therefore, follows,
that our health, vigour, and activity, must depend upon regimen and
exercise, or, in other words, upon the observance of those rules which
constitute the theory of the training process. The effect has accordingly
corresponded with the cause in all instances where training has been
adopted; and, although not commonly resorted to as the means of restoring
invalids to health, yet there is every reason to believe, that it would
prove effectual in curing many obstinate diseases, such as the gout,
rheumatism, bilious complaints, &c. &c.

“Training (says Mr. Jackson,) always appears to improve the state of
the lungs. One of the most striking effects is to improve the wind;
that is, it enables a man to draw a larger inspiration, and to hold his
breath longer.” He farther observes,--“By training, the mental faculties
are also improved. The attention is more ready, and the perception
more acute, probably owing to the clearness of the stomach, and better
digestion[31].”

It has been made a question whether training produces a _lasting_,
or only a _temporary_ effect on the constitution. It is undeniable,
that if a man be brought to a better condition; if corpulency, and the
impurities of his body, disappear; and if his _wind_ and strength be
improved by any process whatever, his good state of health will continue,
until some derangement of his frame shall take place from accidental or
natural causes. If he shall relapse into intemperance, or neglect the
means of preserving his health, either by omitting to take the necessary
exercise, or by indulging in debilitating propensities, he must expect
such encroachments to be made on his constitution, as must soon unhinge
his system. But if he shall observe a different plan, the beneficial
effects of the training process will remain until the gradual decay of
his natural functions shall, in mature old age, intimate the approach of
his dissolution.

The ancients entertained this opinion.--“They were,” says Dr. Buchan,
“by no means unacquainted with, or inattentive to, these instruments
of medicine, although modern practitioners appear to have no idea of
removing disease, or restoring health, but by pouring drugs into the
stomach. HERODICUS is said to have been the first who applied the
exercises and regimen of the gymnasium to the removal of disease, or the
maintenance of health. Among the Romans, ASCLEPIADES carried this so far,
that he is said by CELSUS almost to have banished the use of internal
remedies from his practice. He was the inventor of pensile beds, which
were used to induce sleep, and of various other modes of exercise and
gestation, and rose to great eminence as a physician in Rome. In his own
person he afforded an excellent example of the wisdom of his rules, and
the propriety of his regimen. PLINY tells us that, in early life, he
made a public profession that he would agree to forfeit all pretensions
to the name of a physician, should he ever suffer from sickness, or
die but of old age; and, what is more extraordinary, he fulfilled his
promise, for he lived upwards of a century, and at last was killed by a
fall down stairs[32].”

It may therefore be admitted, that the beneficial consequences, both to
the body and the mind, arising from training, are not merely temporary,
but may be made permanent by proper care and attention. The simplicity
of the rules is a great recommendation to those who may be desirous of
trying the experiment, and the whole process may be resolved into the
following principles: 1st, The _evacuating_, which cleanses the stomach
and intestines.--2d, The _sweating_, which takes off the superfluities of
flesh and fat.--3d, The _daily course of exercise_, which improves the
_wind_, and strengthens the muscles;--and, lastly, The _regimen_, which
nourishes and invigorates the body.

The criterion by which it may be known whether a man be in good
condition, or, what is the same thing, has been properly trained,
is the state of the skin, which becomes _smooth_, _elastic_, and
_well-coloured_, or _transparent_.--The flesh is also _firm_, and the
person trained, feels himself light, and full of spirits. But in the
progress of the training, his condition may be ascertained by the effect
of the _sweats_, which cease to reduce his weight; and by the manner in
which he performs one mile at the top of his speed. It is as difficult
to run a mile at the top of one’s speed, as to walk a hundred, and
therefore, if he performs this short distance well, it may be concluded,
that his condition is perfect, or that he has derived all the advantages
which can possibly result from the training process.

The manner of training _jockies_ is different from that which is
applicable to pedestrians and pugilists. In regard to jockies, it is
generally _wasting_, with the view to reduce their weight. This is
produced by purgatives, emetics, sweats, and starvation. Their bodily
strength is of no importance, as they have only to manage the reins of
the courser, whose fleetness depends upon the weight he carries; and the
muscular power of the rider is of no consequence to the race, provided it
be equal to the fatigue of a three or four-mile heat.

Training for pugilism is nearly the same as for pedestrianism, the object
in both being principally to obtain additional _wind_ and strength.--But
it will be best illustrated by a detail of the process observed by CRIB,
the champion of England, preparatory to his grand battle with Molineaux,
which took place on the 29th of September 1811.

The champion arrived at Ury on the 7th of July of that year. He
weighed sixteen stones; and from his mode of living in London, and the
confinement of a crowded city, he had become corpulent, big-bellied,
full of gross humours, and short-breathed; and it was with difficulty
he could walk ten miles. He first went through a course of physic,
which consisted of three dozes; but for two weeks he walked about as
he pleased, and generally traversed the woods and plantations with
a fowling-piece in his hand. The _reports_ of his musquet resounded
everywhere through the groves and the hollows of that delightful place,
to the great _terror_ of the magpies and wood-pigeons.

After amusing himself in this way for about a fortnight, he then
commenced his regular walking exercise, which at first was about ten or
twelve miles a day. It was soon after increased to eighteen or twenty;
and he ran regularly, morning and evening, a quarter of a mile at
the top of his speed. In consequence of his physic and exercise, his
weight was reduced, in the course of five weeks, from sixteen stones to
fourteen and nine pounds. At this period, he commenced his _sweats_,
and took three during the month he remained at Ury afterwards; and his
weight was gradually reduced to thirteen stones and five pounds, which
was ascertained to be his _pitch_ of condition, as he would not reduce
farther without weakening.

During the course of his training, the champion went twice to the
Highlands, and took strong exercise. He walked to MAR LODGE, which is
about sixty miles distant from Ury, where he arrived to dinner on the
second day, being now able to go thirty miles a day with ease, and
probably he could have walked twice as far if it had been necessary. He
remained in the Highlands about a week each time, and amused himself with
shooting. The principal advantage which he derived from these expeditions
was the severe exercise he was obliged to undergo in following Capt.
Barclay. He improved more in strength and wind by his journies to the
Highlands than by any other part of the training process.

His diet and drink were the same as used in the pedestrian regimen, and
in other respects, the rules previously laid down were generally applied
to him. That he was brought to his ultimate _pitch_ of condition, was
evident from the high state of health and strength in which he appeared
when he mounted the stage to contend with Molineaux, who has since
confessed, that when he saw his fine condition, he totally despaired of
gaining the battle.

Crib was altogether about eleven weeks under training, but he remained
only nine weeks at Ury. Besides his regular exercise, he was occasionally
employed in sparring at Stonehaven, where he gave lessons in the
pugilistic art. He was not allowed much rest, but was constantly occupied
in some active employment. He enjoyed good spirits, being all the time
fully convinced that he would beat his antagonist. He was managed,
however, with great address, and the result corresponded with the wishes
of his friends.

It would be perhaps improper, while speaking of Crib, to omit mentioning,
that, during his residence in the north of Scotland, he conducted himself
in all respects with much propriety. He shewed traits of a feeling,
humane, and charitable disposition, on various occasions.--While walking
along Union-street in Aberdeen, he was accosted by a woman apparently
in great distress. Her story affected him, and the emotions of his heart
became evident in the muscles of his face. He gave her all the silver he
had in his pocket.--“God bless your Honor,” she said, “_ye are surely
not an ordinary man!_”--This circumstance is mentioned with the more
pleasure, as it affords one instance at least, in opposition to the
mistaken opinion, that professional pugilists are ferocious, and totally
destitute of the better propensities of mankind. The illustrious Mr.
Windham entertained juster sentiments of the pugilistic art, as evinced
by the print he presented to Mr. Jackson as a mark of his esteem. In
one compartment, an _Italian_ darting his stiletto at his victim is
represented; and in the other, the combat of two _Englishmen_ in a ring.
For this celebrated genius was always of opinion, that nothing tended
more to preserve among the English peasantry those sentiments of good
faith and honour which have ever distinguished them from the natives of
Italy and Spain, than the frequent practice of fair and open BOXING.




CHAPTER VII.

ON THE PHYSICAL POWERS OF MAN.


The mechanical construction of MAN is admirably adapted to his
destination. His body is neither too large nor too small; but of that
convenient size which fits him for the station in which he is placed.
Were it larger, his activity, and even his strength in proportion to his
bulk, would be diminished; and he would thus be deprived of many of those
enjoyments which contribute so much to his happiness.--He would lose the
services of some of the most useful of the inferior animals; especially
those of the Horse, whose power is limited to a degree of strength not
much exceeding the carriage of the weight of a man. On the other hand, a
diminutive race could neither accomplish those great undertakings which
are required for their comfort, nor, perhaps, be able to maintain the
dominion of the earth against the beast of the forest. But man enjoys
every advantage which can be derived from the exact adjustment of his
capacity to his duty; and if he be “fearfully and wonderfully made,” it
is in perfect consistency with that wisdom which is displayed in all the
works of nature.

As, in this world, man has been placed in the first rank of created
beings, his mental powers are not only incomparably beyond those of other
animals, but his physical strength also exceeds that of most of them.
An ingenious Frenchman ascertained the strength of the human frame, by
placing on every part of a man’s body, standing upright, a number of
weights in such a manner, that each part supported as much as it could
bear relatively to the rest; and it was found by this contrivance, that a
man could stand under two thousand pounds.

The bulk of the body of a horse is to that of a man as six or seven are
to one; so that, if his strength were proportionate to that of our
species, he ought to bear a load of twelve or fourteen thousand pounds;
but no horse could carry such a weight; and his strength, therefore,
allowing for the difference of size, is not equal to that of man.

In a memoir presented to the National Institute of France, M. Coulomb
suggested the idea of ascertaining the quantity of daily action which
men are able to furnish by individual labour, according to the different
modes in which they employ their strength. And it has been said that, if
all the strength a man could exert in a day, were united into a single
effort, he could lift (one foot from the ground,) a weight equal to one
million seven hundred and twenty-eight thousand pounds, without injuring
himself.

The DYNANOMETER, of _M. Regnier_, has afforded some curious results
regarding the strength of the people of different nations. In the years
1800-1-2-3, and 4, M. Peron sailed on a voyage of discovery with Captains
_Baudin_ and _Hamelin_, in the French ships _Le Geographe_, and _Le
Naturaliste_; and in the first volume of his _Voyage de Decouvertes
aux Terres Australes_, he gives an account of some experiments he made
with this new instrument to ascertain the comparative strength which
individuals are capable of exerting.

According to the Dynanometer, M. Peron found, that the inhabitants of the
countries under-mentioned, were capable of exerting a force as follows,
viz.

                     Strength of the Hands.   Do. Loins.
                        Killegrammes.        Myriagrames.
  SAVAGES.
    Of Diemen’s Land,       50 6                  0 0
    Of New Holland,         51 8                 14 8
    Of Timor,               58 7                 16 2

  EUROPEANS.
    French,                 69 2                 22 1
    English,                71 4                 23 8

From the above experiments it appears, that men in a savage state, are
not so strong as those under the influence of civilization; “and thus it
is demonstrated, that the improvement of social order does not impair our
physical powers, as some persons have imagined.” And it is also evident,
that Englishmen possess more strength than Frenchmen; a fact that has
been proved as often as our soldiers have charged the French army with
the bayonet.

The strength and activity of the human frame arise from the muscular
conformation of its parts, and their constant EXERCISE.--Those habituated
to carry burdens will bear a load of from six to eight hundred pounds;
while other men, of the same weight and apparent strength, would
find it difficult to carry more than one hundred and fifty, to two
hundred pounds. This difference is the effect of practice; as nature
proportionally augments the power of those parts of the body which are
most exerted.

From the same cause, watermen, fishermen, and sailors, who are accustomed
to the use of the oar, acquire great strength in their arms; but, indeed,
the position of the rower is the best calculated of any, for exerting and
increasing the muscular power of the body, as every part must be employed
at the same time. Accordingly, that hardy race of men whose occupation
leads them to ply the oar on our rivers, and along the sea coast, are the
strongest and most robust of our species.

Pedestrianism also depends on practice; for the citizen, whose excursions
are limited to six or seven miles on a holiday, would be as much fatigued
by a walk of double that distance, as a person in the country who is
accustomed to travel, would be, by the accomplishment of a journey of
fifty or sixty miles. Such is the nature of our physical and intellectual
faculties, that they can be improved only by calling them into action, or
what is the same thing, they can only be invigorated by the resistance
they offer to the pressure of difficulties, and acquire power, therefore,
in proportion to the obstacles which they have to overcome.

The strength and activity of men who are inured to the exercise of
walking, are truly astonishing. They will travel farther for a week or a
month than a horse, and, if habituated to hunting, they will outrun him,
and continue the chace much longer. The American Indians, it is said
by travellers, pursue the elk with such rapidity, that they are able to
fatigue and secure him, although he is as swift as the stag. It is also
related of those men, that they will go journies of a thousand leagues in
six weeks or two months; or at the rate of about sixty miles a day, over
the most rugged mountains, and through tractless countries.

But feats more astonishing than those performed by the Indians, or
any other nation, have been accomplished of late years in Britain.
Captain Barclay walked one hundred and ten miles in nineteen hours and
twenty-seven minutes; and Glanville went a hundred and forty-two miles
in twenty-nine hours. In the pages of this volume, we have recorded many
examples of the almost incredible strength, agility, and perseverance of
modern pedestrians. And as EXERCISE, particularly on foot, is attended by
so many advantages to mankind, the Author thinks, he cannot conclude this
work with any observations more apposite to the subject than those of
the amiable CHRISTOPHER CHRISTIAN STURM. “Man, (says he,) in a state of
civilization, does not know how much strength he possesses; how much he
loses by effeminacy, nor how much he can acquire by frequent exercise. We
cannot but regard with pity those indolent beings, who pass their lives
in idleness and effeminacy; who never exert their strength, nor exercise
their powers, for fear of injuring their health, or shortening their
lives.”

“Let us, in future, therefore, exert all our powers and faculties
for the good of our fellow creatures, according to our situation and
circumstances; and, if necessity require, let us cheerfully earn our
bread by the sweat of our brow; even then our happiness is greater than
that of thousands of our fellow men;” and “the more happy we find our
lot compared with [that of] the unfortunate victims of LUXURY, the more
seriously ought we to apply ourselves to fulfil our duties.”--_Sturm’s
Reflections, Sept. XV._




APPENDIX.


No. I.

GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILY OF BARCLAY OF MATHERS AND URY, IN THE COUNTY OF
MEARNS.

Robert Barclay Allardice, Esq. of Ury, in Kincardineshire, is descended
from an ancient and honourable family. We can trace his progenitors so
far back as to the third year of the reign of Alexander I. son to Malcolm
III. king of Scotland; and the tenth of Henry I. son to William the
Conqueror; or, to the year 1110.

In the time of William the Lion, there were four eminent persons in
Scotland, of the name of _Berkeley_, or _Berkelai_, sprung from the same
stock, and united by consanguinity, viz. _Walter_, _William_, _Humphrey_,
and _Robert_. The two first were great chamberlains of the kingdom.
_Walter_ is so designed in a donation granted by him to the monks of
_Aberbrothwick_, of the church of _Innerkelder_, in the county of Angus,
which is confirmed by William the Lion, and still preserved in the
Advocates’ Library of Edinburgh, and also in the _Charter of Aberdeen_,
which remains in perfect preservation in the Record Office of that city.
_William_ is likewise designed chamberlain, in a deed granted by the king
to the monks of the _Cistertian_ order, which is copied from the original
by _Anderson_, in his _Independency_ of Scotland.

Walter de Berkeley was one of the pledges for William the Lion, to
Henry the Second of England, as mentioned in Abercrombie’s history. He
was appointed chamberlain in 1165, and was one of those who returned
to Scotland with William, about the close of the year 1174[33]. Walter
left two daughters only, one of whom, according to Nicols’ Peerage, was
married to _Seten_ of _Seton_, the predecessor of the Earl of _Winton_.

From these circumstances, it is a natural deduction, that the Berkeley
family must have been settled in Scotland long previously to this period.
They enjoyed the confidence of the king, and held the highest offices in
the state, which would not probably have been the case with men of low
extraction, or who had recently emerged from obscurity.

But it appears by charters of confirmation from William the Lion,
that Walter de Berkeley of Innerkelder, was cotemporary with, and
cousin-german to, Humphrey, the son of _Theobald de Berkeley_, the
original of the family of _Mathers_, in the county of Kincardine.
Theobald lived in the time of Alexander the First, and David the First,
kings of Scotland, having been born about the year 1110; and he had two
sons, Humphrey and John. Humphrey, being in possession of a large domain
in the county of Kincardine, granted a donation to the abbot and monks of
Aberbrothwick, from the lands of _Balfeith_, _Monboddo_, _Glenfarquhar_,
&c. which is witnessed by _Willielmo et Waltero Capellanis dom. regis,
Willielmo Cummin, Willielmo Gifford, Phillipo de Moubray, Dom. de
Arbuthenot, Phillipo de Mallevill, Johanne de Monfort, Waltero Scot, et
Waltero filio suo, Agatha sponsa mea, cum multis aliis_. This donation
was confirmed by William the Lion, before these witnesses: _Waltero et
Willielmo Capellanis nostris, Will. Cummin, Phillipo de Moubray, Roberto
de Lunden, Roberto de Berkeley, cum multis aliis; apud Forfar, XXVI.
Martii_.

Humphrey’s donation was renewed and augmented by _Richenda_, his only
child and daughter, with consent of her husband, _Robert_, the son of
_Warnebald_, ancestor to the Earl of _Glencairn_. The witnesses to this
deed were, _Dom. J. Wishart, vicesm. de Mernis, et Johanne filio ejus;
Dom. Duncano de Arbuthenot, et filio ejus; Humphreo de Middleton, cum
multis aliis_. This second grant was confirmed by Alexander II.; the
witnesses being _A. Abbato de Melross, Ro. Abbato de Newbottle, Tho. de
Hay, Alex. de Seton, cum multis aliis, vicesimo die Martii, anno regni
nostri, vicesimo quarto_. After the death of Robert the son of Warnebald,
the monks prevailed on his widow, Richenda, to dispone these lands to
them for the third time; _et ad majus hujus rei testimonium, in posterum
una cum sigillo meo huic scripto, sigillum venerab. patris nostri R.
Abredonensis episc. et sigillum Domini Anselm Cammel feci apponi coram
his test. Dom. A. Archide Brechin, Dom Nigello de Moubray, Dom. Roberto
de Montealto, et Dom. Will. de Hunyter, cum multis aliis_. This third
deed was confirmed by Alexander II. at Aberbrothwick, the 7th March,
(anno 1236,) and thirty-second year of his reign. _Coram test. venerab.
patr. Ro. Epis. Abre; Willielmo Comite de Marr, Waltero de Moravii, R. de
Montealto_.

These six documents, viz. the three donations, and the three respective
confirmations, were extracted from the Chartulary of Aberbrothwick, which
still remains in the Advocates’ Library of Edinburgh, and they may,
therefore, be deemed quite authentic.

_Humphrey_, and his daughter _Richenda_, having died without male issue,
_John de Berkeley_, the brother of Humphrey, succeeded, and, being
dissatisfied with the alienations they had made, he turned the abbot and
monks out of all their possessions in his domains. But he was obliged to
compromise the matter with them; and, with the concurrence of his heir
_Robert_, he gave them the mill of _Conveth_, with its appurtenances, in
_lieu_ of the lands of which he dispossessed them, burdened, however,
with the yearly payment of thirteen merks of silver to him and his heirs.

This agreement was not only signed and sealed by the abbot and monks of
Aberbrothwick; by John, and his heir, Robert de Berkeley; but also, _una
cum sigillis vener. virorum Greg. Episco. Brechin_, et, _Dom. Willielmo
de Bosco, Dom. Regis Can. et Dom. de Lunden, fratris illustr. Regis Alex.
apponi procururerent; coram test. Willielmo Capellaro, Dom. Episco.
Brechin, Mag. Andrea de Perth, Mag. Hugo de Milbourn, cum multis aliis_.
This deed was confirmed at Dundee, by King Alexander II.; _coram test.
Greg. Episco. Brechin, Willielmo de Bosco, nostro cancellario; Ro. de
Lunden, nostro fratre; Hugo Cameron, cum multis aliis_. These deeds have
been preserved in the Chartulary of Aberbrothwick, from which they were
extracted; and they sufficiently establish, that _Theobald_, _Humphrey_,
and _John_, must have lived in the time of _Alexander I._ _David I._
_Malcolm IV._ _William the Lion_, and _Alexander II._ kings of Scotland,
who were cotemporary with _Henry I._, _Stephen_, _Henry II._ the first of
the Plantagenets; _Richard I._ and _John_, kings of England.--Upon the
demise of _John_, the son of Humphrey, he was succeeded by his son,

(3.) _Robert de Berkeley_, who, as it is already observed, consented
to the agreement between his father, and the abbot and monks of
Aberbrothwick. He was succeeded by his son,

(4.) _Hugh de Berkeley_, who obtained a charter from King _Robert Bruce_,
upon _Westerton_, being lands lying near the mill of _Conveth_, in
Kincardineshire.

(5.) _Alexander de Berkeley_ succeeded his father, _Hugh_, and to
the paternal estates added _Mathers_, in consequence of his marrying
_Catharine_, sister to _William de Keith_, marischal of Scotland, as
vouched by a charter, dated anno 1351, granted by _William de Keith_,
“with consent (as the deed expresses it) of _Margaret_, my wife, to
_Alexander de Berkeley_, and _Catharine_, my sister, his spouse, and the
longest liver of them two, and the heirs male of their bodies, my lands
of _Mathers, datum apud mansum capitale nostrum de Strathekin, die Martii
inventione sanctæ crucis, anno 1351. Coram test. reverendo in Christo
patr. Dom. Philippo, Dei gratia, Episc. Brechin. Dom. Willielmo eædem
gratia Abbato de Aberbrothwick, David de Fleming, Willielmo de Liddel,
militibus; Johan. de Seton, et aliis._” This charter is confirmed by
King _David Bruce_, at Perth, the 18th of March, and twenty-first of his
reign: _coram test. Roberto seneschallo, nepote nostro_, (the first king
of Scotland of the Stewart race,) _Tho. Seneschal, comite de Angus, Tho.
de Moravii panacri nostro Scotiæ, Roberto de Erskine, et Tho. de Falside,
militibus._

The original charter from William de Keith, and the confirmation by David
Bruce, are both in the possession of Mr. Barclay of Ury.

(6.) _David de Berkeley_, 2d of _Mathers_, succeeded to his father
_Alexander_; and he married the daughter of _John de Seton_, who
witnessed the above charter from William de Keith. His son,

(7.) _Alexander de Berkeley_, 3d of _Mathers_, was his successor, and he
married _Helen_, the daughter of _Græme_ of Morphy. Their son,

(8.) _David de Berkeley_, 4th of _Mathers_, succeeding, built the castle,
called the _Keim_ of _Mathers_. He married _Elisabeth_, the daughter of
_Strachan_ of _Thornton_, then an ancient and flourishing family in the
_Mearns_.

(9.) _Alexander Barclay_, 5th of _Mathers_, succeeded his father, _David
de Berkeley_: and he was the first of the family who spelled the name as
it is done at present. He married _Catharine Wishart_, the daughter of
_Wishart_ of _Pitarrow_, and was succeeded by his son,

(10.) _David Barclay_, 6th of _Mathers_, who married _Janet_, daughter
of _Irvine_ of _Drum_, then one of the most considerable families in the
shire of Aberdeen. His eldest son was

(11.) _Alexander Barclay_, 7th of _Mathers_, who married _Marjory_,
daughter of _James Auchinleck_ of _Glenbervie_. Auchinleck obtained
the estate of Glenbervie, by marrying the daughter of _Melvil_, the
proprietor, who was sheriff of the Mearns, and murdered by the barons.
James Auchinleck had two daughters, but no male heir; and the elder was
married to _Sir William Douglas_, the second son of the famous Earl of
_Angus_, called _Bell the Cat_. By this marriage, the Douglasses got the
estate of Glenbervie.

Alexander Barclay sold the lands of _Slains_ and _Falside_ in the Mearns,
to _Andrew Moncur_ of _Knapp_, to whom he granted a charter to be held
of himself and his heirs, dated anno 1497. He also granted a precept
of _Clare constat._ to _Sir James Ogilvie_ of _Deskford_, predecessor
to the Earl of _Findlater_, for infesting him in the lands of _Durn_,
of which he was superior. This precept bears date the 29th April 1510,
at _Kirktonhill_, which was then the principal seat of the family of
Mathers. _Alexander_ was succeeded by his son,

(12.) _George Barclay_, 8th of _Mathers_, who married _Marjory_,
daughter of _Sir James Auchterlony_, of _Auckterlony_ and _Kellie_, then
a considerable family in the shire of _Angus_.--His son’s name was,

(13.) _David Barclay_, 9th of _Mathers_, who married first _Mary_,
daughter to _Rait_ of _Halgreen_, by whom he had _George_, who succeeded
him. He married for his second wife, _Catharine Home_, and had by her a
son named _John_, to whom he gave the lands of _Johnston_ in the Mearns,
as established by Barclay of Johnston’s first charter, dated anno 1560.
_Barclay_ of _Balmaquean_ is a cadet of the Johnston family. David
Barclay was succeeded by his first son,

(14.) _George Barclay_, 10th of _Mathers_, who married _Mary Erskine_,
daughter to _Sir Thomas Erskine_ of _Brechin_, secretary of state to
_James V._ of Scotland. He married for his second wife, _Margaret_,
daughter to _Wood_ of _Bonnington_ in _Angus_, afterwards baronets, and
now represented by James Wood, Esq. of Woodburnden, in the county of the
Mearns; and by her he had a son, to whom he gave the lands of _Bridgeton_
and _Jackstown_, in the _Mearns_. His first son succeeded to the estate,
and his name was

(15.) _Thomas Barclay_, 11th of _Mathers_, who married _Janet_, daughter
to _Straiton_ of _Lauristown_ in the _Mearns_, a very ancient and
honourable family. Thomas Barclay died before his father, leaving only
one son,

(16.) _David Barclay_, 12th of _Mathers_, who was born anno 1580. He
was polite and accomplished, and lived much at Court; but a taste for
show and extravagance, led him to indulge in every fashionable expense,
by which he greatly impaired his property, and he sold five valuable
estates. He was twice married: first, to _Elizabeth_, the daughter of
_Livingston_ of _Dunnipace_, by whom he had five sons and a daughter;
second, to _Margaret Keith_, grand-child to Earl Marischal. To his
daughter he gave a handsome fortune, and to his sons a liberal education.
The two eldest died when young: _David_, the third son, became eminently
conspicuous: _Robert_, the fourth, was rector of the Scots College at
Paris; and _James_, the youngest, was a captain of horse, and was killed
at the battle of Philiphaugh, on the 13th September 1645, where he
gallantly signalized himself.

(17.) _Colonel David Barclay_, the first of _Ury_, and third son
of _David_ of _Mathers_, was born at _Kirktonhill_ in the county
of Kincardine, in the year 1610. After being instructed in every
accomplishment of the age, he went to Germany, and entered a volunteer
in the Swedish service, under the great Gustavus Adolphus. His manly
and elegant appearance soon attracted the attention of his majesty,
and he acquired a high reputation for courage and bravery. He merited
and obtained the distinguished favour of Adolphus. But his fame as an
active and experienced soldier having reached his native country, he was
pressingly solicited by his friends to return home to take a part in the
civil wars with which Scotland was then distracted.

Accordingly, in the year 1646, as a proof of his character and high
merit, we find him colonel of a regiment of horse, and at the head of an
army quelling an insurrection raised by the Earl of Crawford, who, with
a number of Scots and Irish troops had burned several towns, and ravaged
the northern parts of the kingdom. The colonel came up with the earl
at Banff, entirely routed him, and committed great slaughter among the
Irish, who had perpetrated many acts of wanton barbarity throughout the
country. In the same year, General Middleton and the colonel were sent
with an army to relieve the town of Inverness, at that time besieged by
the renowned Marquis of Montrose, and Earl Seaforth. Colonel Barclay,
at the head of his regiment, forced the ford of the river Ness, where
the enemy was strongly posted; and, being well supported by Middleton,
attacked and drove them to the mountains, taking all their cannon and
baggage. Inverness being thus relieved, the army retired to the south
country; but the Marquis of Huntly taking advantage of its absence,
attacked the town of Aberdeen, and became master of it, although bravely
defended by the citizens and two regiments under the command of _Colonel
Harry Barclay_, a relative of Colonel David’s, who was taken prisoner,
with twenty of his officers. To dispossess Huntly, the parliament, in
April 1647, sent Middleton and the colonel again to the north; but
the marquis did not think proper to wait their approach, and hastily
retreated to the Highlands. To prevent his return, however, they took
possession of his strong holds, in which they placed garrisons. Colonel
Barclay was appointed governor of Strathbogie and Middleton, of the Bog
of Gight, now _Castle Gordon_.

In the following year, the colonel found leisure to attend to his
domestic concerns, and married _Catharine_, eldest daughter of _Sir
Robert Gordon_ of _Gordonston_, who was second son of the Earl of
Sutherland, by Jane, daughter of the Marquis of Huntly. Sir Robert Gordon
was cousin to King James the Sixth of Scotland, by his grandmother, Lady
Helen Stewart, his majesty’s grand-aunt; and being a man of great parts,
was highly esteemed at Court. As the different estates which formerly
belonged to the Barclays of Mathers, were now nearly all disposed of by
the colonel’s father, he entered into a contract with Earl Marischal for
the barony of URY, where he fixed the future residence of the family,
which has since been designed by the name of that property.

Colonel Barclay being an active and experienced officer, and perfectly
devoted to the cause in which he had engaged, was appointed to command
in the shires of Ross, Sutherland, and Caithness. The nation at that
time was much interested in the fate of Charles I.; and the parliament
of Scotland sent an army to his assistance in England, under the Duke of
Hamilton; and the internal protection of the kingdom was committed to
the Earl of Lanark, the _laird_ of Gartland, and Colonel Barclay. The
whole country to the north of the Tay, including the town of Perth, was
placed under the colonel’s authority; and he executed this important
commission with vigour and fidelity. But the Duke of Hamilton’s overthrow
at Preston, destroyed the hopes of his friends; and the opposite party
gaining the ascendancy, through Cromwell’s means, Colonel Barclay, and
many other officers, were deprived of their commands.

From this time, it appears that the colonel laid aside his military
character, and lived for several years in retirement at Gordonston,
in Morayshire, the seat of his father-in law. But his friend, Earl
Marischal, having been taken prisoner by General Monk at Elliot in Angus,
and his estates seized, the barony of Ury was included in the forfeiture,
on the pretence that it was not fully conveyed by the earl. Colonel
Barclay was advised to obtain a seat in the Scots parliament, which would
afford him the only means of recovering his property. He was accordingly
elected for Sutherlandshire, through the interest of his cousin, the
Earl of Sutherland; but he was returned to the next parliament by the
counties of Angus and Mearns, through his own influence. He became so
popular indeed, by his services, to the nobility and gentry of these
districts, that he received their public thanks; and as a mark of their
entire satisfaction with his conduct, they again elected him their
representative in the year 1656. The colonel obtained the reversal of
the forfeiture of his estate, and continued in parliament, successfully
exerting himself in behalf of his friends and the distressed loyalists.

For several years, nothing remarkable occurred in Colonel Barclay’s
life that deserves our particular consideration; but in 1663, he was
unexpectedly arrested and thrown into Edinburgh Castle, by an order from
Government. As no crime was alleged against him, he was soon liberated;
but it does not appear that he received any compensation for the injury.
His arrest was the more surprising, as he had suffered so much in the
royal cause, and his principles were well known to be favourable to the
Restoration. It is probable, indeed, that this event arose from the
resentment of some personal enemy; for malevolence often pursues the best
of men, and those eminent for their virtues are by no means exempted from
its baneful effects.

Colonel Barclay’s military and political career had now drawn to a close;
and his future life was devoted to study, religious abstraction, the
practice of charity, and all the benevolent and amiable pursuits of the
human mind. In the year 1666, he joined the sect called _Quakers_, and
became as eminent for piety and zeal, in private life, as he had before
been distinguished for courage and intrepidity in the field. Religious
disputes, however, running high in the country, his life was checquered
by many indignities and insults. Those who had caressed him, while at the
head of an army, by every flattering mark of respect, now forgot their
benefactor, and cruelly sought to embitter his days by persecution. But
he steadily adhered to his principles; for it could scarcely be supposed,
that a man who had been bred in the camp of the great Adolphus--who had
fought for liberty of conscience, and had braved all the dangers of
war--could be either intimidated, or diverted from his purpose by the
assaults of power, or the threatening clamour of a senseless rabble.

The colonel now generally resided at Ury, enjoying the society of his
friends, and disseminating among his neighbours the doctrines of the
Quakers. Many of “good account” embraced their tenets; and weekly and
monthly meetings of these peaceable and religious people were held at
Ury, for devotional exercises. But the clergy looked on them with an
eye of jealousy, and stirred up against them the malicious passions
of weak and intolerant men. And in the month of March 1676, Colonel
Barclay and others, were indicted at Aberdeen, before a committee of the
privy-council, for holding meetings contrary to a statute enacted against
armed field conventicles, which, under every latitude of interpretation,
could not be applied to Quakers. They were, however, found guilty, and
amerced in a fine to the amount of a fourth part of their respective
valued rents, and committed to prison until payment should be made.

The colonel’s son, the celebrated Apologist, was at that time in London,
and having much interest at Court, obtained his father’s liberation. But
the magistrates of Aberdeen were so enraged that he should thus escape
from their power, that they illegally granted a warrant to distrain his
goods, and sent a Captain Melvill to put it in execution, although,
his residence being in another county, he was evidently beyond their
jurisdiction. Melvill was a low fellow, who had formerly been a trooper
in the colonel’s regiment, and was therefore personally known to him;
but he had acquired all the insolence of office, and, presuming on the
support of the magistrates, drove off the cattle and horses at Ury. In
June 1677, he was again imprisoned, along with his son, in the chapel
prison of Aberdeen; for the magistrates pursued him and his friends with
no moderate degree of malignancy. They were, however, relieved by an
order from the Court, in which the magistrates were severely reprimanded
for their oppressive conduct.

On this occasion, a friend of Colonel Barclay’s could not avoid
regretting the difference of times, and contrasting his present
situation, with that when he rescued the city of Aberdeen from the
oppressions of Huntly. But this worthy man replied, “that, although the
magistrates usually came miles to meet him when he had the command of an
army, and, to gain his favour, conducted him amidst the acclamations of
the people to an entertainment prepared for him in the town-hall, yet he
was more proud, and felt more real satisfaction, in his sufferings for
the cause of religion and virtue, than in all the fleeting honours with
which they had then distinguished him.”

From this time, Colonel Barclay enjoyed a state of calm and dignified
repose. His latter days were sweetened by family endearment, and all the
charms of a country life. This brave, sincere, and religious man, died,
anno 1686, in the 77th year of his age, and was buried in a cemetery at
Ury, which he had caused to be constructed for himself and his posterity.
In this humble mausoleum his grave is still to be seen, and it is
distinguished for its length; for he was one of the tallest, strongest,
and most handsome men in the kingdom.

Colonel Barclay had five children, viz.

  _Robert_, the Apologist, his heir and successor.
  _Jean_, married to Sir Evan Cameron of Locheill.
  _David_, who died on his passage to East Jersey.
  _Lucy_, who died in April 1687, aged 33.
  ----, who died in East Jersey, in 1731.

(18.) _Robert Barclay_, generally known by the title of the _Apologist_,
was born on the 28th of December 1648, at Gordonston in Morayshire,
the seat of his maternal grandfather. After being educated in the best
schools in Scotland, he was placed under the tuition of his uncle, who
was rector of the Scots College in Paris. He gave early presages of great
genius, and acquired much proficiency in all the learned sciences and
elegant accomplishments of the times. He soon became conspicuous, and
was particularly noticed for his vivacity and acuteness in the public
disputations of the seminary, where he gained many prizes. His uncle was
extremely solicitous to detain him in France; but his mother, on her
death-bed, had strongly enjoined his removal from the college, lest he
should imbibe the errors of popery. In obedience to parental authority,
he returned home in 1664, and thus lost his uncle’s fortune and favour,
to gratify his father’s conscientious compliance with the prejudiced but
pious notions of his mother. Though destitute of wealth, he possessed
what was more valuable, for his mind was deeply fraught with the riches
of literature.

Soon after his return to Scotland, he joined the society called Quakers,
and became their greatest ornament and ablest advocate. Previously,
however, to his embracing the opinions of that sect, he visited his
friends of all religious persuasions, to canvass their doctrines, that he
might adopt a system of faith corresponding to the truths of the gospel;
and, by conviction alone, as we are informed, he was guided in his
choice. But probably, when in France, he had formed an attachment to the
Quietists, who were the Quakers among Roman Catholics.

In the year 1670, he married _Christian Molison_, of the family of
_Lachintully_, the grand-daughter of the celebrated Colonel Molison,
who so much signalized himself in the defence of Candia against the
Turks. About this time, he first appeared as an author, by a work,
entitled, “_Truth cleared of Calumnies_,” which is an answer to “_A
Dialogue between a Quaker and a Stable Christian_,” written by William
Mitchell, a preacher, and printed at Aberdeen. A keen controversy then
subsisted between the clergy of Aberdeen and the Quakers, relative to the
doctrines of the latter, which, warmly interesting Barclay, called forth
his talents as a polemical writer; and in the same year, he published
a postscript in the form of questions. Mitchell replied to “_Truth
cleared of Calumnies_,” and our author again answered him in a work,
entitled, “_William Mitchell unmasked_,” which was published in 1672. In
this controversy, Robert Barclay discovers the variety of his learning,
and that he was well acquainted with ecclesiastical history; but above
all, he shews with how much judgment and dexterity he could apply his
knowledge in support of his religious opinions.

In 1673, he published “_A Catechism and Confession of Faith_,” which
is an exposition of the doctrines and principles of the Quakers,
supported by an appeal to Scripture testimony. His next publication is
the “_Theses Theologicæ_,” which were addressed “to the clergy of what
sort soever,” and contain fifteen propositions, on which he gives his
sentiments, and explains them in conformity to the principles of his
sect. He vindicated his _Theses_ from the strictures of Nicolas Arnold,
professor in the university of Franquer in Friesland, by a Latin treatise
printed at Amsterdam, in 1675. In the same year, he published an account
of a disputation between the students of divinity of the university of
Aberdeen and the Quakers, in which he bore a conspicuous part; but, like
most religious controversies, it terminated without satisfaction to
either party. The students also published an account of this conference,
in a pamphlet entitled, “_Quakerism canvassed_,” which occasioned a
reply, entitled, “_Quakerism confirmed_,” in two parts, both printed in
1676.

Previously to this time, he generally resided at Ury with his father;
but in this year he went to London, and thence to Holland, accompanied
by William Penn, the celebrated and amiable proprietor of the province
of Pennsylvania. These religious men travelled in Holland and Germany,
visiting their friends, and disseminating their doctrines. They waited
upon Elizabeth, princess-palatine of the Rhine, at her residence at
Herwerden, and were kindly received. She seems to have adopted their
doctrines, for she openly patronised the Quakers; but her friendship for
Barclay was sincere and unfeigned, and lasted during life. She frequently
wrote to him with her own hand; and always promoted his views at the
court of England, as far as her influence could be of service to him
or his friends. When he returned to London, he learned that his father
and other Quakers were imprisoned in Aberdeen, for holding meetings in
that city. He therefore presented a memorial in their behalf to Charles
II. which was delivered by himself into the king’s own hand, who caused
his secretary of state, the Duke of Lauderdale, to underwrite upon it a
favourable reference to the council of Scotland, which had the desired
effect, as they soon after obtained their liberty.

In this year, (1676,) he published “_The Apology for True Christian
Divinity_,” in Latin, at Amsterdam, which is the most celebrated of
his works. It is dedicated to King Charles II.; and the dedication
is remarkable for the freedom and boldness of sentiment and language
in which his majesty is addressed. “Thou hast tasted,” he says, “of
prosperity and adversity; thou knowest what it is to be banished thy
native country, to be over-ruled as well as to rule, and sit upon the
throne; and, being oppressed, thou hast reason to know how hateful the
oppressor is both to God and man. If, after all these warnings and
advertisements, thou dost not turn to the Lord with all thy heart, but
forget him who remembered thee in thy distress, and give up thyself to
folly, lust, and vanity--surely great will be thy condemnation.”--The
_Apology_ is reared on the “_Theses Theologicæ_,” being an exposition of
the fifteen propositions contained in that work. The author’s general
plan is, to state the position he means to establish, and to support
it by Scripture quotations applicable to the case, or to deduce it
by an argument in the form of a syllogism. By this learned work, he
acquired great celebrity as a deep theologian, profoundly skilled in the
scriptures, the fathers, and church history. His next publication, which
also appeared this year, is entitled, “_The Anarchy of the Ranters_,”
and it is a vindication of the society from the imputation of disorderly
practices in their discipline, of which they were accused by their
adversaries.

About the end of September, the Apologist returned to Ury; and although
he had obtained his father’s release from confinement, yet he was not
able to protect himself. On the 7th November 1676, he was committed
to prison in Aberdeen, along with several other Quakers, for holding
meetings for public worship, and did not regain his liberty until the
9th of April 1677. While in prison, he wrote a treatise, entitled,
“_Universal Love considered and established upon its right foundation_,”
which was published after his release.

He left Ury in May, and went to London to exert himself for the
deliverance of the Quakers of the north country, who were still
harassed by imprisonment and fines, for holding meetings at Aberdeen, in
contravention, as it was alleged, of a statute enacted against “_armed
field conventicles_,” which evidently did not apply to these peaceable
people. From “_Theobalds near London_,” he wrote to the princess-palatine
on this subject, in which he gives an account of a conversation that
passed between him and the Duke of York relative to the sufferings of
the Quakers. It appears by this letter, that he had addressed his royal
highness in very plain language, for he says, “I told him, I understood
from Scotland, that, notwithstanding Lauderdale was there, and had
promised to do something before he went, yet our friends’ bonds were
rather increased, and that there was only one thing to be done which
I desired of him, and that was to write effectually to the Duke of
Lauderdale, in that style wherein Lauderdale might understand that he was
serious in the business, and did really intend the thing he did write
concerning should take effect; which I knew he might do, and I supposed
the other might answer; which, if he would do, I must acknowledge as a
great kindness. But if he did write, and not in that manner, so that
the other might not suppose him to be serious, I would rather he would
excuse himself the trouble:--desiring withal, to excuse my plain manner
of dealing, as being different from the court way of soliciting: all
which he seemed to take in good part, and said he would write as I
desired.”--He soon after returned to Ury, and was permitted to enjoy the
full exercise of his religion unmolested, until the 9th of November
1679, when he was taken out of a meeting at Aberdeen, as well as several
of his friends but they were discharged in a few hours, and never after
wards disturbed by the magistrate.

The “_Apology_,” which had become widely circulated in six different
languages, was rudely assailed by John Brown, in a work, entitled,
“_Quakerism the path-way to Paganism_.” To this abusive performance,
Barclay replied in vindication of his doctrines; which is the last of his
polemical writings that are published. From this period, he was occupied,
for the most part, in travelling in England, relative to the concerns of
the society; and, when in London in 1682, he was honoured with a public
appointment, having received a commission as governor of East Jersey in
America. An extensive tract of land in that province, was, at the same
time, granted to him and his heirs in fee. Charles II. confirmed his
government for life; and the commission is expressed in terms highly
flattering to this good man:--“Such are his known fidelity and capacity,”
it says, “that he has the government during life; but that every governor
after him shall have it for three years only.” He was authorised to
appoint a deputy-governor, with a salary of L 400 sterling per annum; and
Gavin Laurie, a merchant in London, was accordingly appointed to that
office. Having arranged these matters, he returned to Ury; but in summer
1683, he again visited his friends in London. Towards the close of that
year, however, he came home and occupied himself in shipping stores,
provisions, and other necessaries, from Aberdeen, to the colony of East
Jersey, in the prosperity of which he was extremely interested.

In 1685, he went again to London relative to the concerns of the society;
but soon returned, and remained at home till April 1687, when, at the
earnest solicitation of George Fox and other friends, he set off for
court, to exert his influence on behalf of the Quakers. As the king
honoured him with his friendship, he had access to his majesty at all
times; and on this occasion, he presented an address from the Quakers in
Scotland, expressive of their gratitude for his majesty’s proclamation,
permitting liberty of conscience, which was graciously received. The
Apologist seems to have stood on a footing of great intimacy with the
king, and to have conversed with him candidly and freely on the business
of the state. Considering the intricacy of his majesty’s affairs at that
time, the opinion or advice of a sincere and honest, yet clear-headed
man, was, no doubt, highly valued by James. Having accomplished the
object of his journey, he returned home.

In November 1688, he was again in London, and embraced that opportunity
to take leave of his majesty, with whose misfortunes he was greatly
affected. At his last interview with the king, (while they were
standing at a window in the palace conversing together,) James looked
out and said, “The wind is fair to bring over the Prince of Orange;”
the Apologist remarked, “It was hard that no expedient could be fallen
upon to satisfy the people.” His majesty replied, “He would do any
thing becoming a gentleman, but never would part with his liberty of
conscience.” This sentiment, being so consonant to the Apologist’s mind,
and corresponding so closely with his own principles and practice, drew
forth his approbation; and with mutual regret they parted, to meet no
more.

In the month of December he arrived at Ury, and lived retired for nearly
two years, enjoying domestic happiness in the bosom of his family. But
having gone to Aberdeen about the end of September 1690, to attend a
meeting of Quakers, he caught cold while returning home, and, being
seized with a fever, it put a period to his life on the 3d of October,
after a short but severe illness.

With a mind naturally strong and vigorous, he possessed all the
advantages of a regular and classical education; and his writings
evidently shew the profundity of his research, as well as the extent and
variety of his learning. His mild temper, benevolent heart, and sprightly
conversation, gave him influence with men in elevated stations, which he
employed not for the benefit of his friends alone. From motives of pure
benevolence, he often successfully exerted himself in behalf of others,
as well as for the members of the society to which he belonged. If,
on one occasion, he inconsiderately betrayed a fervour of zeal in his
profession of a preacher, by exposing himself in sackcloth on the streets
of Aberdeen in the year 1672, we must concede to him, at least, the merit
of sincerity, and, in justice, make every allowance for the ardour of a
youthful mind. Although his feelings were warm, yet his passions were
subdued by strict discipline; and the practical observance of the rules
of moral duty, strengthened and invigorated every virtuous sentiment.
Cheerful, yet serene, he withstood the shocks of adversity with fortitude
and firmness. Ever active and indefatigable, he composed one of his
best works within the walls of a prison; and, in all situations, he was
constantly occupied with what he conceived to be for the good of mankind.
Considering the shortness of his life, and the time he employed in
travelling, it is astonishing that he could write so much and so well.
But his works have outlived him; and, in three volumes, the scattered
opinions of the society to which he belonged, are collected, arranged,
and exhibited to the whole world in elegant uniformity; and throughout
Europe and America, “_The Apology for True Christian Divinity_,” is to be
found in the libraries of the wise and the learned[34].

       *       *       *       *       *

The Apologist had nine children, and was succeeded by his second son,
_Robert_; the first son, _David_, having died on a voyage to East Jersey,
at the age of fifteen. After the family of Ury had embraced the tenets
of the amiable society of FRIENDS, it is not to be expected that it
could make any conspicuous figure in the transactions of the times. The
pursuits of the Quakers being solely directed to objects of benevolence,
they are precluded by both principle and practice, from interfering in
civil or military contests. During the turbulent periods of 1715 and 45,
the Barclays, therefore, took no concern in public affairs, but remained
silent spectators of the passing events.

The Apologist’s son, _Robert_, had seven children, and died anno 1747. He
was a man of such polite manners, that he obtained the appellation of the
_Gentleman_, and was distinguished among his cotemporaries by his good
sense and affability. He was succeeded by his eldest son,

_Robert_, who had three sons and one daughter. The grandson of the
Apologist was known in the county by the title of the _Strong_, having
possessed great muscular power. He died in the year 1760, and was deemed
the richest commoner in the county of Kincardine, having left a free
estate and a considerable sum of money to his family. He was succeeded by
his eldest son, _Robert_, the father of Capt. Barclay.

From these three families a numerous race has sprung, and the descendants
of the Apologist, at the present time, exceed three hundred. The late Mr.
David Barclay of Walthamstow in Essex, (the grandson of the Apologist,)
says, “I believe there are more than three hundred of you who call me
uncle or cousin.” Those respectable families which claim their descent
from the Apologist, are principally settled in England; and, while they
have enriched themselves by their industry, they maintain the highest
respectability of character.

It does not, however, suit our object to follow the family of Ury
through all its branches: it is enough that we take notice of the heir
of succession; and the late Mr. Barclay deserves to be particularly
mentioned, on account of his great celebrity as an agriculturist.

He was born anno 1731, and succeeded his father, 1760. He received a
liberal education, and was an excellent Greek and Latin scholar. He was
a noted pedestrian, and frequently walked to London. On one occasion,
he walked from London to Ury, (510 miles,) in ten successive days; on
another, he walked 210 miles in three days, or at the rate of 70 miles a
day. He also went 81 miles in about 16 hours. He never walked to London
after he was elected a member of parliament, as erroneously reported;
but he had frequently done so before that time. His ordinary pace was
six miles an hour. His height was six feet. He was athletic, and of the
handsomest form. The vigour of his mind was conspicuous throughout a
laborious and active life; and his improvements in agriculture, entitle
him to the warmest eulogy of his countrymen.

Mr. Robertson, the intelligent author of the ‘Survey of Kincardineshire,’
has devoted 27 pages of his work to illustrate Mr. Barclay’s agricultural
improvements; and, from his account, as there can be no better testimony,
we shall extract the following particulars.

‘The man,’ says Mr. Robertson, ‘who exerted himself most for the
improvement of the county--whose labours were the most strenuous and best
conducted--and whose example had the most extensive influence--was the
late Mr. Barclay of Ury. His, indeed, were no common powers. Endowed with
the most ardent, energetic, and comprehensive mind, he employed his great
talents as an agriculturist with unwearied perseverance, and to the most
beneficial results. The subject he had to improve, or rather to subdue,
was of the most obdurate nature; but difficulties tended only to excite
his activity, and, adhering tenaciously to his own pre-conceived and
well-adjusted plans, he was ultimately successful.

‘The estate of Ury, the chief object of his improvements, lies on
both sides of the rivulet of Cowie, and extends from Stonehaven in a
north-westerly direction, for nearly five miles. The mansion-house is
situated about a mile and a half from the efflux of the Cowie, on its
northern bank.--When Mr. Barclay succeeded to the estate, there was
scarcely a shrub of any value on the whole property, excepting a few old
trees around the house.

‘The arable land was divided into a number of small farms. The tillage
was superficially performed, with very imperfect implements. Almost every
field was incumbered with obstructions of one kind or another; such as,
pools of stagnant water or quagmires, where the cattle were ever in
danger of losing their lives; great baulks of unploughed land between the
ridges; but, above all, stones abounded, not only on the surface, but
through the whole depth of the soil. There were no inclosures. No lime
was used as a manure and the only crops were bear and oats. There was
neither cart nor wheel carriage of any kind; nor was there even a road.
In short, no place, at that time, abounded more in the evils attending
the ancient system, or enjoyed fewer of the advantages of modern
husbandry than the lands of Ury.’

Mr. Barclay, who had acquired his ideas of agriculture on the fertile
plains of Norfolk, could ill brook a state of husbandry like this.
As soon, therefore, as he succeeded to the estate, he set about its
improvement in a stile that was both radical and permanent. To accomplish
this object, he took under his own management all the farms in the
vicinity of the mansion-house, as the leases expired; besides retaining
those lands which had always been in the natural possession of the
family. In the course of thirty years, he thoroughly improved 2000 acres
of arable land, and planted about 1500 acres of wood. Of the arable
land, there were 800 acres originally marsh or heath. Of the remainder,
which was let to tenants, about one-fourth part consisted of baulks,
wastes, and marshes, interspersed through every field. Mr. Barclay thus
meliorated about 2000 acres, and brought them to a correct state of
culture, and they are now in a high degree of fertility.

The laborious measures by which Mr. Barclay improved the estate of Ury,
are particularly detailed in the valuable work previously mentioned; but
it would carry us beyond our limits to enter minutely into them: and
perhaps it may suffice to say, that, from a rugged and barren surface, he
produced the most beautiful place in North Britain. He was considered
the father of agriculture in the north of Scotland: His example has been
everywhere imitated; and his memory is held dear by all the lovers of
this first and most important _art_.

Mr. Barclay represented the county of Kincardine in three parliaments,
having been unanimously elected; which is highly creditable to his
talents and his virtues. He was the intimate friend of William Pitt, and
always distinguished himself by his loyalty, and attachment to the best
interests of his country.

It is only necessary to add to this account, that, while Capt. Barclay is
descended from respectable ancestors of the ancient family of Barclay,
he has an undoubted right, by the mother’s side, to the title of Earl of
Monteith and Airth, being the representative of Lady Mary Graham, the
eldest daughter of the last Earl of Monteith and Airth, who was descended
of David, Earl of Strathern, the eldest son of Robert II. by his queen,
Euphemia Ross.

THE END.

D. CHALMERS & CO. Printers, Aberdeen.




FOOTNOTES


[1] Its height was sixty-eight feet; its breadth, ninety-five; and its
length, two hundred and thirty.

[2] Pausanias, lib. v.

[3] Pausanias, lib. vi.

[4] West’s Dissertation on the Olympic Games, p. 61.

[5] West’s Dissertation, p. 176.

[6] West’s Dissertation.

[7] The odes of Pindar, which have been handed down to us, were made for
these occasions.

[8] Gillies’ History, vol. i. c. 6.

[9] West’s Diss., p. 243.

[10] Gillies’ Hist. chap. vi.

[11] Rollin, vol. v. p. 54.

[12] Dissertation on the Olympic Games, last paragraph.

[13] Edgeworth’s Essays on Professional Education, p. 166.

[14] Genuine Guide to Health.

[15] Chap. vii. p. 447.

[16] Code of Health, vol. i. p. 494.

[17] It is a curious fact remarked by Mr. Jackson, and founded on the
experience of all swift runners, that “for the first two or three hundred
yards one feels very much distressed, but after that a _second wind_
comes, which lasts until one is spent with bodily fatigue.”--_Code of
Health_, vol. ii. p. 100.

[18] See Appendix.

[19] A learned antiquary has obligingly communicated to the author the
following etymon of the name _Barclay_:

    “_Barclay_ is a compound word, and pure Gaelic. _Bar_ is borrowed
    from the Gaelic, and adopted into the English language. In both,
    the signification is the same, i. e. the bar or bolt of a door,
    gate, &c. _Clay_ is the Gaelic _Cladh_, pronounced _clay_, and
    signifying a sword. Every one knows that _Cladh Mor_, pronounced
    _Claymore_, signifies the _great_ or _broad_ sword. As _C_ and
    _G_ are commutable letters in the Gaelic, it is generally written
    _Cladh_, though, sometimes _Gladh_. _Gladh_ is the radix of the
    Latin _Gladius_; and _Cladh_, perhaps, of the Latin _Clades_. The
    name _Barclay_, then, literally imports, ‘_The Bar Sword_,’ or
    ‘_Sword of Defence_.’

    “Previous to the use of gunpowder, when every thing depended on
    personal strength and individual exertion, the single arm of a
    hero often decided the fate of the battle. Many of our ancient
    families derived their names from feats of prowess; and there is
    no doubt that the Barclays received their name from some singular
    act of heroism performed with the sword.”

[20] Mr. Molyson has often walked thirty-six miles to breakfast, and
thirty farther to dinner. He attended Capt. Barclay when he went to Dr.
Grant’s house at Kirkmichael, in August 1800, (_see page 108_); and
in less than three days walked one hundred and eighty miles, without
sleeping during that time. Mr. Molyson was then forty-eight years of
age; but his athletic powers are astonishing, and he is a true lover of
gymnastic sports.

[21] See page 124.

[22] Code of Health, vol. ii. p. 118.

[23] Code of Health, vol. ii. p. 120.

[24] Ibid. p. 121.

[25] Code of Health, vol. ii. p. 84.

[26] Code of Health, vol. ii. p. 89.

[27] It is not so generally known as it ought to be, that a salt,
introduced into medical practice by Dr. George Pearson of London, is as
excellent a purge as Glauber’s salt, and has none of the nauseous taste
which renders that purge so disagreeable to many persons. The _Phosphat
of Soda_ is very similar to common salt in taste, and may be given in a
basin of gruel or broth, in which it will be scarcely perceptible to the
palate, and will also agree with the most delicate stomach.

[28] “It may serve as a preliminary rule, that _fresh meat_ is the
most wholesome and nourishing. To preserve these qualities, however,
it ought to be _dressed_ so as to remain tender and juicy; for
it is by this means, it will be easily digested, and afford most
nourishment.”--_Willich on Diet and Regimen_, p. 313.

[29] “Broths and soups require little digestion; weaken the stomach, and
are attended by all the pernicious effects of other warm and relaxing
drink.”--_Willich on Diet, &c._ p. 304.

[30] Bell’s Anatomy, vol. i. p. 12.

[31] Code of Health, vol. ii. p. 103.

[32] Code of Health, vol. ii. p. 123.

[33] Annals of Scotland, vol. i. p. 184.

[34] The above account of the Apologist was drawn up by the author for
the Edinburgh Encyclopædia, where it is published.







*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PEDESTRIANISM; OR, AN ACCOUNT OF THE PERFORMANCES OF CELEBRATED PEDESTRIANS DURING THE LAST AND PRESENT CENTURY. ***


    

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following
the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use
of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very
easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation
of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project
Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may
do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected
by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark
license, especially commercial redistribution.


START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person
or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual
works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting
free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily
comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when
you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear
prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work
on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed,
performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

    This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
    other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
    whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
    of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
    at www.gutenberg.org. If you
    are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws
    of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
  
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is
derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works
posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format
other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

    • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
        the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method
        you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
        to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has
        agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
        Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
        within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
        legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
        payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
        Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
        Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
        Literary Archive Foundation.”
    
    • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
        you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
        does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
        License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
        copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
        all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™
        works.
    
    • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
        any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
        electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
        receipt of the work.
    
    • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
        distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
    

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than
are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right
of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,
Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread
public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state
visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.