The Project Gutenberg eBook of Korean—English Dictionary This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. *** This is a COPYRIGHTED Project Gutenberg eBook. Details Below. *** *** Please follow the copyright guidelines in this file. *** Title: Korean—English Dictionary Author: Leon Kuperman Release date: May 1, 2004 [eBook #5739] Most recently updated: March 4, 2024 Language: English, Korean *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KOREAN—ENGLISH DICTIONARY *** Korean--English Dictionary Copyright (c) 3 August 2002 Leon Kuperman. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.1, March 2000 Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes only. The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 2. VERBATIM COPYING You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 4. MODIFICATIONS You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five). C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher. D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices. F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice. The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements." 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. 8. TRANSLATION Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License provided that you also include the original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original English version of this License, the original English version will prevail. 9. TERMINATION You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software. %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 한영사전 韓英辭典 Consonats: ㄱ k ㄲ kk ㄴ n ㄷ t ㄸ tt ㄹ l ㅁ m ㅂ p ㅃ pp ㅅ s ㅆ ss ㅇ ㅈ u{c ㅊ c^h ㅋ k^h ㅌ t^h ㅍ p^h ㅎ h Vowels: 아 a 애 ae 야 ya 얘 yae 어 o 에 e 여 yo 예 ye 오 o 와 wa 왜 wae 외 we 요 yo 우 u 워 wo 웨 we 위 wi 유 yu 으 u 의 uy 이 i 가다 go; proceed; travel; attend (some place) 가게 a shop; a store 가까 - be close, near 가끔 sometimes; now and then; occasionally 가르치다 teach; instruct (in); educate 가방 a bag; a briefcase; a suitcase; a trunk 가벼 --- be light 가수 歌手 a singer; a vocalist. 유행 --- a popular song singer 가을 autumn; fall 가족 家族 a family; a household; members of a family 가장 most; extremely 가지 a branch; 큰가지 a bough; a limb; 잔가지 a twig; a sprig 가지각색 --- 各色 (of) every kind and description. 가지각색의 various; diverse; of all kinds (sorts). 가지각색의사람들 all sorts and conditions of people. 갈비 the ribs 갈아 입다 --- change (one's clothes) 감사합니다 thank you 감자 potato(es) 감자깡 crispy fried potatoes, potato chips 갑 pack (cigarettes) 갑자기 suddenly 값 1.~value; worth 값이 있다 be worth; be valuable; be of value; be worthy 2.~price; cost; charge 갔다오 go (and come back) 갖다주 --- bring 같다 --- (be) like; similar; be the same; (be) equal (to) 같이 1.~like. A 는 B 와 꼭 같이 만들어졌다 A is made exactly like B. 2.~together 개$^1$ an inlet; an estuary 개$^2$ a dog; a hound. 수캐 a male dog. 암캐 a bitch. 들캐 a stray dog. 개를 기르다 keep a dog. 개가 짖다 a dog barks. 개 個, 箇, 介 a piece; items, units, objects (counter). 사과 세개 three apples. 개 蓋 a lid; a cover 개월 months (time or duration) (counter) 개학 開學 --- the beginning of school --- 하다 (school) begin 거기 there 걱정 anxiety; concern; apprehension; worry; trouble; care; fear. 하다 feel anxiety; be worried (about) 거리 1.~a street; a road; a town; a quarter. 2.~distance 건강 康 health 하다 (be) healthy; well; sound 건너편 the opposite side; the other side. 건너편에 across; opposite; on the opposite side 건물 involuntarily emitted semen 건물 建物 a building; a structure 건반 鍵盤 a keyboard. 악기 keyboard instruments 걷다 1.~roll [turn] up (one's sleeves); tuck up; fold up. 소매를 걷어 올리다 tuck [roll] up one's sleeves. 2.~remove; take away; take down; pull down. 3.~walk 걸리다 1.~hang (from, on) 2.~be against (a law); trespass (a law); be contrary to. 3.~take (time) 걸어가다 walk, go on foot 걸어오다 walk, come on foot 걸음 walking; stepping; a step; pace. 한걸음 한걸음 step by step. 빠른 걸음으로 at a rapid pace; with a rapid step. 걸음을 재촉하다 [늦추다] quicken [slacken] one's pace 걸음마 Let's walk now! 겨울 winter; the winter season 결흔 marriage; wedding; matrimony. 하다 marry (her, him); get [be] married (to). 결흔 신청을 하다 make a proposal of marriage (to); propose to (her) 경제 經濟 economy. 경제학 economics 계산 計算 calculation; computation; reckoning. 하다 calculate; compute; count. 계산서 bill, check 계시다 (honorific) be; stay. 한국에 얼마나 계셨읍니까? How long have you been in Korea? 고기 meat; fish 고대 just now; just a moment [minute] ago. 그는 고대 이곳을 떠났다 He left hear just now. 고대 (고려 대학교) Korea University 고대 古代 ancient [old] times; antiquity 고름 pus 고마와하다 be thankful [grateful] (a person) for; appreciate 고맙다 1.~(I am) thankful; grateful 2.~(be) kind; nice; welcome; gracious 고맙습니다 thank you 고모 姑母 an aunt; a sister of one's father; a paternal aunt 고모부 姑母夫 the husband of one's (paternal) aunt; [uncle] 고양이 cat; a puss(y). 고양이 새끼 a kitten; a kitty. 수코양이 a he-cat; a tomcat; a male cat. 암코양이 a she-cat; a female cat 골프 golf 골프(를)치 - play golf -곳 place 공부 工夫 study; learning. 하다 study; work at [on] (one's studies); learn. 공부를 잘 하다 be good at one's studies 공책 空冊 a notebook 결정 決定 decision; determination; conclusion; settlement. 하다 decide (upon); conclude; settle 과 and; (together) with. 아들과 아버지 son and father 과목 科目 a subject; school subject; lesson; [조목] items; [전과목] a curriculum; 과업 課業 [학과] lessons; school work; [임무] a task; a duty 과실 果實 a fruit; [총칭] fruit; fruitage. 과실을 재배하다 grow fruit. 과실을 따다 pick [pluck] fruit 과일 (edible) fruit. 가게 a fruit shop [stand]. 장수 a fruit dealer [seller] 광화문 Kwanghwamun, Kwanghwa Gate 괜찮다 be OK; be all right; be passable; good; do not mind 괜찮아요 you're welcome! or don't mention it!; it makes no difference, it doesn't matter, it's okay. (Literally: it's one of ten million (words)) 아니오, 괜찮아요 not at all, it's all right; no, thanks. 괜찮은 수입 good income. 영어를 괜찮게 하다 speak English fairly well. 이제 가도 괜찮다 You may go now. 굉장하- be quite something, be impressive 굉장히 very, very much 교수 professor 교실 classroom 교외 suburb(s) 교재 teaching materials; textbook 교환 exchange 교환원 switchboard, telephone, exchange operator 교환학생 exchange student 교회 church (Protestant) 구경(을) 하 - do viewing or sightsee 구경(을) 가 - go viewing/sightseeing 구두 shoes 국 soup 국립 national (-ly) established 국립대학교 a national university 군데 places, institutions (counter) 군인 soldier, serviceman 굽 hoof 권 bound volumes (counter) 굴 oyster 굴 cave 굿 exorcism 귀 ear 그 that NOUN 그냥 just, just (as one is), without doing anything 그래도 even so, nevertheless 그래서 and so; and then; therefore 그래요(?) is that so? really? (that's so. really) 그러니까 so, what I mean to say is; so, what you're saying is 그러면 then, in that case, if so 그런데 but; and then; by the way 그럼 in that case; then 그렇게 in that way, like that; so 그렇지만 but 그리고 and also; and then 그림 picture 그저께 day before yesterday 극장 theatre; cinema 근처 the area near, the vicinity 글쎄요 I don't really know. Let me think 금년 this year 금요일 Friday 기다리 - wait 기분 feelings, mood 기분(이) 나쁘 - be in a bad mood 기분(이) 좋 - be in a good mood 기숙사 dormitory 기차 train 길 road, way, street 까페 caf\'e 깎 - cut (hair), sharpen (pencil), mow (grass) 깨 sesame 깨끗이 neatly, cleanly 깨끗하 - be clean 꼭 without fail; be sure to 꽃 flower(s) 끊 - quit (smoking, drinking) 끝 the end; the tip 끝나 - it stops, ends, finishes 끝내 - finishes it 끼 - wear (gloves, ring) 끼 - wear (lenses) 김밥 kimbap (rice/seaweed/vegetables) 김치 kimchi (pickled spicy cabbage) %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 나 I 나(ㅅ)- get/be better 나가 - attend (church); go out 나라 country, nation 나무 tree 나쁘다 be bad 나오다 come out 나이 age 나중에 in the future, some time later, later 날 day 날씨 weather 남대문 Great South Gate 남동생 younger brother 남매 brother and sister 남자 man 남자친구 boyfriend 남편 husband 낮 daytime; noon 내다 pay 내년 next year 내려가다 go down 내려오다 come down 내리다 descend 내일 tomorrow 냉면 cold noodle dish 냉수 ice water 냉커피 ice coffee 너무 too much so, too; very, to an excessive degree 넣 - put in, insert 네 yes 넥타이 tie, necktie - 년생(이에요) is a person born in such-and-such a year 노-ㄹ- play 노래 song 노래방 nor\ae{bang; Korean karaoke box 노트 notebook 논 paddy field 놓- put/place it 누w- lie down 누가 who? (as subject) 누구 who? (non-subject) 누나 (boy's) older sister 누님 (boy's) older sister (honorific) 눈 snow 눈 eye 뉴스 the news 뉴욕 New York 늘 always 늦- be late 늦게 late (adv) %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 다 all, everything 다꼬기 chicken (as meat) 다니- attend, go on a regular basis 다르- be different 다른 NOUN (an)other NOUN(s) 다리 leg 다방 tea room, tabang 다음 after; adjacent, next to 다치- get hurt, injure oneself 닦- polish; brush (teeth) 닫- close it (닫아요 closes it) (닫는다 closes it (plain style)) 달 1 months (counter) 2 moon 달라 dollar (counter) 닭 chicken (as a bird) 닭고기 chicken (as meat) 담배 cigarette(s) 대 vehicles, machines (counter) 대사관 embassy 대학 four-year college 대학교 university 댁 house (honorific) 더 more 덕분에 thanks to NOUN; thanks to you 더 w- be hot 데 place 데이트 a date 데이트(를) 하- have a date 도 degree of temperature 도서관 library 도시 city 도와주- help 도착(을) 하- arrive 독립 independence 독어 German language 독일 Germany 독일말 German language 독일사람 a German 돈 money 돈(이)드-ㄹ- costs money 돌아가- goes back, returns there 돌아가시- die, pass away (honorific) 돌아요- comes back, returns here 동네 neighborhood 동대문 Greate East Gate 동생 younger brother or sister 동안 for the duration of, during, for (a week) 돼요 it's OK; it'll do; it's acceptable; it works 되- become 둘다 both, both of them 뒤 at the back; behind 드-ㄹ- costs (money) 드-ㄹ- lift; hold 드라이크리닝 dry cleaning 드리- give (honorific) 드시- eat, drink (honorific) 듣- listen to; hear; take (courses) 들어가- go in, enters 들어오- come in, enter; return home 들어오세요! come in! (Literally: please inter) 등 back, spine 따님 daughter (hon.) 딸 daughter 때 time (when) 때문에 because of, on account of 떠나- leave, depart 또 moreover, what's more; (yet) again 또 봐요 see you later! (polite style) (literally: see you again) 또 뵙겠습니다 see you later! (formal) (Explanation: 또 again, 뵙겠습니다 humbly see/meet. Literally: I will humbly see you again.) 똑똑하- be bright, intelligent %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 라디오 radio 라이타 lighter 러시아 Russia 러시아말 Russian language 러시아사람 Russian person 런던 London 레스토랑 restaurant 리 Korean mile (li) = 1/3 U.S. mile (counter) %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 마루 the living room (in an apartment) 마리 animals, fish, birds (counter) 마시- drink 마음 one's mind, spiritual center, heart 마치- finish it 만나- meet 만나서 반갑습니다 nice to meet you; nice to see you; (literally: I meet you, so I am pleased) 만화 comics, cartoons 많- be much/many 많이 a lot, much, lots (adverb) 말 horse 말 language; words, speech 말(을) 들- obey (listen to words) 말씀 words, speech (humble or honorific equivalent of 말) 말씀하- say (huble) 말씀하세요 go ahead; please say what you have to say 말(을) 하- speak, talk 맛 taste 맛 없- taste bad, no taste good 맛(이) 있- be tasty, delicious 맞- be right, correct; hit the mark 맞은편 across/opposite from 매- put on/wear (a tie) 매- tie 매w- be spicy 매일 every day 매표소 ticket counter 맥주 beer 뭐 what? 머-ㄹ- be distant, far 머리 head; hair 머리(가) 나쁘- be dumb 머리(가) 좋- be bright/intelligent 먹- eat 먹이- (w/불) starch it 먼저 first (or all), before anything else 멀리 far 멀리서 from a distance 머리빗 comb 며느리 daughter-in-law 명 persons, people (counter) 명함 namechard, business card 몇 how many?; some/several 몇년생이세요? what year were you born in? 몇학년이세요? what year are you (in school)? 모두 all, everyone 모레 day after tomorrow 모르- not know 모르겠어요 I don't understand 모자 hat 목 throat 목요일 Thursday 몰라요 I don't know 몸 body 못 1 pond 2 nail 무-ㄹ- bite 무거w- be heavy 무궁화 無窮花 [식물] the national flower of Korea --- the Rose of Sharon. 무궁화 동산 the beautiful land of Korea. Every year from June to October a profusion of mugunghwa blossoms graces the entire country. Unlike most flowers, the mugunghwa is remarkably tenacious and is able to withstand both blight and insects. 무릎 knee 무슨 which?, what kind of? 무엇 what? 무역 trade 무역회사 trading company 문 door, gate 문제 problem 물 water 물- ask 물건 goods 물룬 of course 물론이에요. of course. 뭐 what? 미국 America, USA 미국사람 person from USA, American 미세스 Mrs, (before the name) 미스 Miss (before the name) 미안하- be sorry, feel sorry 미안합니다 I'm sorry, excuse me (Literally: I feel uneasy) 미혼(이에요) (is) unmarried 밑 at the bottom, below, under(neath) %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 바꾸- exchange, change 바다 ocean, sea 바로 just (below, above); straight 바쁘- be busy 바지 trousers 박사 Dr., Ph.D. 밖 outside 반 half 반 one's class, homeroom 반지 (finger)ring 반찬 side dishes 받- receive, get 발 foot 발가락 toe 밤 night; evening 밤 chestnut 밥 cooked rice 방 room 방금 just a moment ago, just now 방학 vacation 밭 field 배 stomach 배(가) 부르- (stomach) be full, sated 배우- learn 백화점 department store 버리- throw it away 버스 bus 번 times (counter) 번호 number 벌써 already 벗- take off (clothes) 별로 + negative (not) particularly 병 bottle (counter) 보- look at, see 보내- spend (time); send 보통 usually, normally 복도 corridor, hallway 볼펜 ballpoint pen 봄 spring 봉지 paper bag (counter) 부르- sing (a song) 부르- be full (stomach) 부모(들) parents 부엌 kitchen 부인 your/his wife 부자 rich person 부츠 boots 부치- post it, mail it 부탁(을) 하- make a request, ask a favor/errand -분 esteemed people (counter) -분 minutes (counter) -분 person (honorific) 분필 chalk 불 1 fire; light; a light 2 U.S. dollars (counter) 불고기 pulgogi 불어 French language 불편하- be uncomfortable, inconvenient 비 rain 비빔밥 pibimpap 비싸- be expensive 비치 beach 비행기 airplane 빌딩 building 빗- comb 빙수 shaved ice, ice slush 빠르- be fast 빨리 quickly 빵 bread 빵집 bakery 뻐스 bus 뿔 horn %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 사- buy 사-ㄹ- live 사과 apple 사람 people (counter) 사람 person 사랑(을) 하- love 사립 private(-ly established) 사깁대학교 a private university 사모님 1 your wife; somebody else's wife (elegant/honorific) 2 Madam, Mrs; one's teacher's wife (you can use it separately when speaking to/about your teacher's wife) 사무실 office 사실 fact; in fact 사실은 in fact 사업 business 사위 son-in-law 사이 between 사이다 a Korean soft drink like Seven-up^TM 사장 company president 사촌 cousin 사촌누나 cousin (boy's older female cousin) 사촌동생 cousin (boy or girl's younger cousin ) (either gender) 사촌언니 cousin (girl's older female cousin) 사촌형 cousin (boy's older male cousin) 산 mountain 산보(를) 하- stroll, take a walk 살 1 years of age (counter) 2 flesh 삼촌 uncle (on father's side) 삼학년(생) third-year student 상 table 상류 upper reaches of a river 상자 box, case, chest (counter) 새 new 새벽 dawn 새우 shrimp 새우깡 shrimp chips 샌드위치 sandwich 생맥주 draft beer 생신 birthday (honorific) 생일 birthday 생기- turn out a certain way 생크림 fresh cream 샤쓰 shirt, dress-shirt 서- stand 서 from (colloquial, means from the something which is the place) 서강대 Sogang University 서울대 Seoul National University 서점 bookstore 선교사 missionary 선물 present, gift 선생 teacher 선생님 teacher (honorific); Mr, Mister 설겆이 dirty dishes 설겆이(를) 하- wash the dishes 설사 diarrhea 설탕 sugar 설화 tale, legend 성 surname 성씨 (your or his) esteemed surname 성함 surname (honorific) 성냥 match(es) 성당 church (Catholic) 세탁 laundry 세탁(을) 하- do laundry, launder 세탁소 laundromat, cleaners 스웨타 sweater, jumper 소개(를) 하- introduce 소개(를) 받- be/get introduced 소주 Korean rice vodka, soju 속 inside 손 hand 손가락 finger 손녀(딸) granddaughter 손님 guest; customer 손자 grandson 손주(아이) grandchild(ren) 쇼핑 shopping 숟가락 spoon 수건 towel 수고 hard work 수고하세요 goog-bye! (to someone working) (Explanation: 수고 hard work, i.e., keep up the good work) 수고하셨어요 thank you for helping me; well done! (Explanation: 수고 hard work, i.e., well done) 수고하십니다 hello! (to someone working) Explanation: 수고 hard work, i.e., you're doing a great job) 수업 class, lesson 수영(을) 하- swim 수영장 swimming pool 수요일 Wednesday 수입품 imported goods 슈퍼마켓 supermarket 숙제 homework, assignment 술 any alcoholic drink 술집 bar, tavern, drinking establishment 쉬- rest 쉬w- be easy 쉽게 easily 쉽시다 let's rest 스카프 scarf 스케이트 skate(s) 스키 ski(s) 스키(를) 타- ski 스포츠 sports 시 1 o'clock (counter) 2 poem 시간 hours (counter); time --- 시간이 다 됐습니다 it's time (to begin or stop) (Explanation: 시간 time; 시간이 time (as subject); 다 all, completely; 됐습니다 it has become 시계 watch 시골 countryside, the country 신라 Silla (ancient Korean state) 시내 downtown, city center 심리 psychology 시댁 esteemed house/home of the parents-in-law (for females) 시부모 parents-in-law (for females) 시아버님 father-in-law (woman's) (honorific) 시아버지 father-in-law (woman's) 시어머니 mother-in-law (woman's) 시어머님 mother-in-law (woman's) (honorific) 시작(을) 하- begin 시장 market 시청 city hall 시키- order 시험 examination 식구 family members 식당 dining room, restaurant, cafeteria, refectory 식탁 dining table, kitchen table 신- wear (footwear) 신문 newspaper 신용카드 credit card 신발 shoes, footwear in general 실레 discourtesy 실례 discourtesy 실례하겠습니다 excuse me (for what I'm about to do). (Literally: I am about to commit a discourtesy) 실례합니다 excuse me (for what I am doing). (Literally: I am commiting a discourtesy) 실례했습니다 excuse me (for what I did). (literally: I have committed a discourtesy) 실망 disappointment 실은 in fact 싫- be disliked, distasteful 싫어하- dislike it 심심하- be bored 싶- want to 싸- cheap, inexpensive 쌀 hulled rice 쏟아지- pours (rain) 쓰- wear (glasses) 쓰- wear (a hat) 쓰- use it 쓰- write -씨 1 polite title for name 2 seed %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 아-ㄹ- know it 아가씨 young lady; form of address for unmarried women 아기 baby 아까 a short while ago, just a moment ago 아내 my wife 아니면 or (sentence-initial), or (between nouns) 아니에요 no; it is not 아니오 no 아드님 son (honorific) 아들 son 아래 below, lower, down, downstairs 아래층 downstairs; the floor below 아르바이트 part-time work for students 아르바이트(를) 하- do part-time work for students 아마 maybe, probably, perhaps 아마도 maybe, probably (more tentative) 아무거나 anything, anything at all 아버님 father (honorific) 아버지 father 아이 child 아이스크림 ice cream 아저씨 mister (any man old enough to be married); form of address 아주 very 아주머니 ma'am (any woman old enough to be married) 아줌마 ma'am (casual for 아주머니) 아직 (not) yet, still 아침 morning; breakfast 아프- hurt, be painful 안 inside 안경 glasses 안녕하세요? how are you?; hello! (literally: are you peaceful (well)?) 안녕히 in good health 안녕히 가세요 good-bye! (To one who is leaving. Literally: go in peace (i.e., health)) 안녕히 계세요 good-bye! (To one who is staying. Literally: stay in peace (i.e., health)) 안녕히 주무세요 good night (honorific) 안돼요 it's no good; it won't do; it's not acceptable; it doesn't work 안주 snacks to go with alcohol, food to go with alcoholic drinks 앉- sits 앉으세요 please take a seat, sit down 알겠어요 I understand 알아 들- understand, catch (something said) 앞 in front 애 child 애기 baby 야구 baseball 야구 (를) 하- play baseball 약 medicine 약(을) 먹- take (eat) medicine 약방 drugstore 약혼(을) 하- get engaged 약혼자 fianc\'e(e) 양담배 foreign cigarettes 양말 socks 양복 a suit 양주 whiskey; western spirits 얘기 talk, chat, story 어느 which? what kind of? 어디 where? 어때요? how is it? how about it? 어떻게? how? in what way? 어려w- be difficult 어리- be young (a child) 어머니 mother 어머님 mother (honorific) 어서 오세요! welcome! (Literally: come (in) right away!) 어제 yesterday 언니 older sister (girl's) 언제 when? 언제나 always 언젠가 sometime or other, at one time; some time ago 얼마 how many? how much? 얼마나 about how much? approximately how much? 얼음 ice 없- be nonexistent, not exist, not have 없어요 does not exist, here is not, aren't 엉터리 rubbish, junk; something or someone cheap and shabby 에 to (to the place e.g., to go to the place) 에게 to (to the living thing e.g., to give something to the living thing) 에게서 from (from the living thing) 에서 from (place) 엘리베이터 elevator, lift 여-ㄹ- open it 여관 small hotel, inn 여기 here 여기 좀 봐요 say there! excuse me! 여동생 younger sister 여러 --- several, various 여름 summer 여보세요! hello! hey there! excuse me! (hello on the telephone, or when peering into a dark house. Also means look here! 여자 woman 여자친구 girlfriend 역 train station -연/-년 years (counter) 연구 research 연구(를) 하- do research 연구실 (professor's) office 연극 play, drama 연기 postponement 연기 performance 연대 Yonsei University 연락(을) 하- --- get in touch, make contact 연세 age (honorific) 연필 pencil 열쇠 key 열심히 diligently 영국 England 영국사람 English person 영사관 consulate 용서하세요 please forgive me 영어 English language 영화 movie, film 영화구경(을) 하- see a film 영화배우 movie actor 옆 next to, beside 예 yes 예쁘- pretty, cute 예약 reservation 예약(을) 하- make a reservation 오- come 오늘 today 오렌지 쥬스 orange juice 오르- ascend, rise 오른쪽 on the right 오른편 on the right 오빠 older brother (girl's) 오전 morning, A.M. 오징어 squid 오징어깡 squid chips 오후 afternoon, P.M. 옥 jade 올라가- go up 올라오- come up 옷 clothes; garment 와요 get, receive; 나는 편지가 어머니한테서 와요 I get letter(s) from my mother 와이샤쓰 shirt, dress shirt 와인 wine 왜(요?) why? 왜냐하면 the reason is; because 외교관 diplomat 외국 foreign country 외국사람 a foreigner 외국어 foreign language 외삼촌 uncle (on mother's side) 외할머니 grandmother (on mother's side) 외할아버지 grandfather (on mother's side) 왼쪽 on the left 왼편 on the left 요리 cooking, cuisine 요리(를) 하- cook 요즘 nowadays, these days 용무 business, matter to take care of 용서(를) 하- forgive 우리 we, our 우산 umbrella 우선 first of all, before anything else 우유 milk 우체국 post office 운동 sports 운동(을) 하- do sports; exercise 운동장 sports stadium 운동화 sneakers, tennis shoes -원 Korean monetary unit, won 월(달) month names (counter) 월요일 Monday 위 above, over, on (top); upstairs 위스키 whisky 위층 upstairs, the floor above 은퇴(를) 하- retire 은행 bank 은행원 banker 음료수 beverage, something to drink 음식 food 음식점 restaurant 음악 music 음악회 concert 의사 doctor, physician 의자 chair 이 tooth, teeth 이 this -이- be (the same as, equal to) (copula) 이대 Ewha Women's University 이따가 in a while, a while later 이렇게 in this way, like this 이름 (given) name 이모 aunt (mother's sister) 이모부 uncle (mother's sister's husband) 이번 NOUN this NOUN (week, month) 이상하- be stange, odd 이야기 talk, chat, story 이야기(를) 하- talk, chat 이제 now (finally) 이학년(생) second-year student 이혼(을) 하- get divorced -인분 portion (of food) 인삼 ginseng 인삼주 ginseng wine 인제 now (finally) 일 matter, business 일 days (counter) 일(을) 하- work, do work 일본 Japan 일본말 Japanese language 일본사람 person from Japan 일어 Japanese language 일어나- get up; stand up 일요일 Sunday 일찍 early (adv) 일학년(생) first-year student 읽- read 입- wear; put on 입 mouth 있- be, exist; stay; have 있어요 it exists, there is/are 잊어버리- forget %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 자- sleep (자요 sleeps) 자녀분 children (honorific) 자동차 car, automobile 자료 materials (written) 자르- cut 자매 sisters 자전거 bicycle 자제분 children (honirific) 자주 often 작- --- be little 작년 last year 작은아버지 uncle (fater's younger brother) 잔 glass (to drink); cupfuls (counter) 잘 well; often 잘돼요 It's going well. It's turning out well. 잘 생겼- be handsome/good-looking (usually said of males) 잘 생겼어요 be handsome/good-looking (usually said of males) 잘 안 돼요 it's not going well 잘 자요! good night (polite, but not honorific) 잘하- do well, do (it) well 잠깐 a short while, a moment 잠시 a short while 잡수시- eat (honorific) 잡지 magazine -장 flat objects (counter) 장(을) 보- do grocery shopping 장갑 gloves 장마 rainy season, seasonal rains 장마(가) 지- rainy season sets in 장모 mother-in-law (man's) 장인 father-in-law (man's) 장인어른 father-in-law (man's) (elegant) 장인장모 parents-in-law (man's) 쟈켓 jacket 재미 없- be not interesting, boring 재미 있- be interesting 재미있게 interestingly, in such a way that it is interesting 쟁반 tray (flat thing to carry dishes) 저 yon, that (over there) 저기 over there 저기요! hey there! (a bit brusque or even rude) 저녁 evening; supper 저렇게 in that way 적- are few 전공 one's major, specialization 전공(을) 하- major in something 전부 the whole thing, total 전부다 everyting, all of it 전에 earlier, before 전화 telephone 전화(를) 하- make a phone call 전화(를) 거-ㄹ- make a phone call 전화(를) 받- answer the phone 전화번호 telephone number 전혀 $[$not$]$ at all 젊- be young (but past puberty) 점심 lunch 접시 plate 젓가락 chopsticks 정각(에) exactly at (a time) 정거장 station/stop (train) 정류장 bus stop 정말(로) truly, really 정말이에요? really? is it true? 정문 main gate (of a university) 정열적(으로) passionate(ly) 정원 garden 정치 politics 정치학 political science 제일 the most; number one 제품 manufactured good(s) 조금 a little 조부모 grandparents 조카 nephew 조카딸 niece 졸업(을) 하- graduate 좀 a little; please 종이 paper 좋- be good; be liked 좋- be good 좋아하-, 좋아하나요, 좋아합니다 to like it (in the sense ``love'') Examples: 나는 이것이 좋아요 I like this; 채소를 좋아하나요? Do you like vegetables? 나는 정구 치는것을 좋아한다 I like playing tennis 죄송합니다 I'm sorry, excuse me (literally: I feel uneasy) 주 a state, a province 주- give 주간 week (counter) 주로 mainly, mostly, for the most part 주립 state (-established), provincial(-ly established) 주립대학교 a state university 주말 weekend 주무시- sleep (honorific) 주문(을) 하- order (at restaurant) 주세요 please give 주일 week (counter) 주중에 during the week, on week days 죽- die 중간 middle, midway 중간에 midway, in the middle 중국 China 중국말 Cinese language 중국사람 person from China 쥬스 juice 즐거w- be enjoyable, pleasant, fun 줄겁게 enjoyably 지금 now 지난 past, last 지내- get along 지하철 subway, underground, metro 진지 rice, meal (honorific) 질문 question 집 house, home 집사람 my wife 짜- salt (짜요 is salty) 째즈 jazz 쪽 side, direction %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 차 car, vehicle 차 tea 차- wear (a watch) 차- cold (자요 is cold) 차표 ticket (train, bus) 착하- be good by nature; be a good boy (girl, dog) 참 truly, really (exclamation) 채소 vegetable(s) 칭믄 window 찾- look for; find 찾- withdraw (money) from; fetch (money) 채 buildings (counter) 책 book 책상 desk 처음 the beginning; first time 처음 뵙겠습니다 pleased to make your acquaintance (formal style) (Explanation: 처읍 beginning, first time, 뵙겠습니다 will humbly see/meet. (literally: I see you for the first time i.e., how do you do?) 천 thousand 천만에요 you're welcome! or don't mention it! (Literally: it's one of ten million (words)) 천천히 slowly 철도 railway 첫 first 청바지 jeans 청소(를) 하- clean up 초대(를) 하- invite someone 초대(를) 받- be/get invited -초 (a) second (counter) 추w- be cold 춤(믈) 추- dances (a dance) 취하- get tipsy/drunk -층 floors (of a building) (counter) 치- strike, hit 치- play (tennis, golf) 치마 skirt 친구 friend 친척 relative 칠판 blackboard %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 캐 digs out 캐나다 Canada 캐나다 사람 a Canadian 캠퍼스 campus 커피 coffee 켤레 pair (of shois, etc.) 코 nose 코메디 comedy 코트 coat 콘택트렌즈 contact lenses 콜라 cola 크- be large 크림 cream 큰아버지 uncle (father's elder brother) %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 타- add/put (sugar) 타- ride in, ride on 타고가- go (riding) 타고오- come (riding) 타올 towel 탈 mask 태극기 太極旗 the national flag of Korea, the Tai-geuk flag The Korean flag is called T\ae{gukgi. It's design symbolizes the principles of yin and yang in Oriental philosophy. The circle in the center of the flag is divided into two equal parts. The upper red section represents the positive cosmic forces of yang. Conversely, the lower blue section represents the negative cosmic forces of yin. The two forces together embody the concepts of continual movement and balance and harmony that characterize the sphere of infinity. The circle is surrounded by four trigrams in each corner. Each trigram symbolizes one of the four universal elements: heaven, earth, fire, and water. 태어나- be born 테니스 tennis 테니스(를) 치- play tennis 테이블 table 테레비전 television 토마토 쥬스 tomato juice 토요일 Saturday 통하- get through to, make contact with 통화(를) 하- get through to, make contact with on phone %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 파-ㄹ- sell it 파운드 pounds (sterling) (counter) 파티 party 팔 arm 펜 ballpoint pen 편 side, direction 편지 letter 편하- be comfortable; convenient 편히 comfortably; conveniently 표 ticket 푸-ㄹ- solve it; undo it 풀 1 starch, glue 2 grass 풀(을) 먹이- starch it 프랑스 France 프랑스말 French language 프랑스사람 person from France 프로 program (TV); pro (sports) 프리마 nondairy creamer 플래폼 platform 피- bloom, blossom 피곤하- be tired 피아노 piano 피아노(를) 치- play piano 피우- smoke 피자 pizza %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX %XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 하- do (합니다 does it (formal style)) 하고 and 학교 school 학기 term, semester -학년(이에요) is a student in such-and-such a year or grade (at school) 학생 student 학생회관 student union (building) 한 about, approximately 한국 Korea 한국말 Korean language 한국사람 a Korean 한국어 Korean language 한국학 Korean Studies 한테 1 to (to the living thing e.g., to give something to the living thing) 2 from (from the place) (colloquial) 한테서 from (from the living thing) 할머니 grandmother 할머님 grandmother (honorific) 할아버님 grandfather (honorific) 할아버지 grandfather 함께 together 합리 rationality, reason 핫도그 hot dog 항상 always 해 years (counter) 햄버거 hamburger -행 bound for (a place). e.g.: 대전행 기차 a T\ae{jon train, train bound for T\ae{jon 허리 waist, lower back 혀 tongue 형 older brother 형제 brothers (for males); brothers and sisters 호주 Australia 호주사람 an Australian 호텔 hotel 혼자(서) alone, on one's own, by oneself 홍차 black tea, English tea 홍콩 Hong Kong 홍콩사람 person from Hong Kong 화요일 Tuesday 화장실 toilet, restroom, bathroom, washroom 회사 company 회사원 company employee 회화 conversation 후에 after, later 휴지 tissue paper; toilet tissue, $\mathrm{Kleenex^{TM$ 흐리- be cloudy, overcast 흐리- become/get cloudy 힘 strength, energy 힘(이) 드-ㄹ- be difficult, taxing (strength enters) *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KOREAN—ENGLISH DICTIONARY *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license. Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others. This particular work is one of the few individual works protected by copyright law in the United States and most of the remainder of the world, included in the Project Gutenberg collection with the permission of the copyright holder. Information on the copyright owner for this particular work and the terms of use imposed by the copyright holder on this work are set forth at the beginning of this work. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that: • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works. • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate. While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate. Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org. This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.