AZTEC PLACE-NAMES

1. Geographic names commonly end in some special particle indicative of place, as co , e. g. —Anal-co.

2. When a particle indicative of place is added to a noun, the singular form of the noun only is used, even when it carries a plural force.

3. When a particle indicative of place is added to a noun, the noun is usually modified—generally dropping its terminal letters or syllable, e. g. —Anahuac from a tl , nahuac.

4. When more than one noun are compounded before the particle indicative of place, each commonly drops its final letters or syllable, e. g. —Coacalco from Coa tl , cal li , co.

5. For sake of euphony some nouns in composition may remain entire, e. g. —Tzinacanoztoc from tzinacan, ozto tl , c.

6. Not more than three elements or words besides the postposition occur in geographic names.

7. When two nouns only are compounded into a place-name, the first loses its final letters or last syllable, while the second remains entire. The first is a qualifier of the second and follows it in translation, e. g. —Tecalli from te tl , calli = “house (calli) of stone (tetl).”

8. In place-names compounded of an adjective and a noun, the adjective precedes, e. g. —Iztacuauhtli from izta c , cuauhtli = “the white (iztac) eagle (cuauhtli).”

9. In place-names compounded of a noun and a verb, the noun precedes, e. g. —Cacalomacan from cacalo tl , ma, can = “where they hunt (ma) crows (cacalotl).”

10. In place-names compounded of a numeral and a noun, the numeral precedes, e. g. —Macuilxochic from macuil li , xochi tl , c. Macuilli (five).

Acalhuacan. [Place of those who have canoes.] Compounded of acal li (canoe); hua, which is a possessive particle; can (place).

Acamilixtlahuacan. [Where are level fields of rushes.] Compounded of aca tl (reed); mil li (field); ixtlahua ca (level expanse); can (place).

Acamiltzinco. [Place of small fields of rushes.] Compounded of aca tl (rush); mil li (field); tzin tli , diminutive particle; co (place).

Acapan. [Place of rushes.] Compounded of aca tl (reed, rush); pan (place).

Acapetlatlan. [Place of rush mats.] Compounded of aca tl (rush, reed); petla tl (mat); tlan (place of abundance).

Acapolco. [Where the rushes were destroyed.] Compounded of aca tl (rush); pol oa (to destroy, to lose); co (place).

Acatepec. [In the mountain of reeds.] Compounded of aca tl (reed); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Acaticpac. [Over (or above) the canes.] Compounded of acat l (cane); icpac (above).

Acatzinco. [Place of small rushes.] Compounded of aca tl (rush); tzin tli , diminutive particle; co (place).

Acatzochic. [In the flowers of the cane.] Compounded of acat l (cane); xochi tl (flower); c (in).

Acatzochitlan. [Among the flowers of the cane.] Compounded of aca tl (cane); xochi tl (flower); tlan (among).

Acayocan. [Place full of canes, or rushes.] Compounded of acayu tl (full of canes); can (place). Acayutl = aca tl (cane) and yutl (full of).

Acazacatla. [Where is abundance of rushes and straw.] Compounded of aca tl (rush); zaca tl (grass, straw); tla (abundance).

Acocozpan. [In the very yellow water.] Compounded of a tl (water); cocoz tic (very yellow); pan (in, place).

Acolhuacan. [Place of the Acolhuas.] Compounded of Acolhua, a tribal name; can (place). Acolhua = acol li (shoulder) and hua, a possessive particle.

Acolnahuac. [Near the Acolhuas.] Compounded of Acol hua , a tribal name; nahua (near).

Acozpa. [In the yellow water.] Compounded of a tl (water); coz tic (yellow); pa (in).

Acuitlapan. [In the water of the filth.] Compounded of a tl (water); cuitla tl (excrement); pan (place, in).

Ahuacatlan. [Place of many ahuacates.] Compounded of ahuaca tl (ahuacate, alligator pear); tlan (abundance).

Ahuatepec. [In the mountain of live-oaks.] Compounded of ahua tl (live-oak); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

[Pg 5]

Ahuatzitzinco. [Place of the very small live-oaks.] Compounded of ahua tl (live-oak); tzitzin tl , emphatic of diminutive particle; co (place).

Ahuehuepan. [In the cypresses.] Compounded of ahuehue tl (cypress); pan (in).

Ahuexoyocan. [Place of groves of water-willows.] Compounded of ahuexo tl (water-willow); yocan (place full of).

Ahuilizapan. =( Ahauializapan. ) [In the river of joy.] Compounded of ahauializ tli (joy); a tl (water, river); pan (in). Through forms perhaps like Ahulizapa, Ulizaba, Olizaba, it has come to be the present Orizaba.

Amacoztitlan. [Where is abundance of yellow paper.] Compounded of ama tl (paper); coz tic (yellow); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (abundance).

Amatlan. [Where there is abundant paper.] Compounded of ama tl (paper); tlan (where abounds).

Amaxtlan. [Where the water divides.] Compounded of a tl (water); max actli (split, crotch); tlan (place).

Ameyalco. [Where are springs of water.] Compounded of a tl (water); meyal i (a spring, from meya, to issue); co (where).

Apancalecan. [Place of owners of houses with water troughs.] Compounded of apan atl (water trough); cale (house-owner); can (place).

Atenanco. [Place of the wall of water.] Composed of a tl (water); tenami tl (wall); co (place).

Atenco. [Place on the river bank.] Compounded of a tl (water); ten tli (lip, bank); co (place).

Atlan. [Where water abounds.] Compounded of a tl (water); tlan (abundance).

Atlatlauhcan. [In the place of red water.] Compounded of a tl (water); tlatlauh qui (red); can (place).

Atlhuelic. [In the good tasting water.] Compounded of atl (water); hueli c (good tasting); c (in).

Atlicholoayan. [Where the water falls.] Compounded of a tl (water); choloa (to fall, as in a cascade); yan, a verbal termination.

Atotonilco. [Where is hot water.] Compounded of a tl (water); totonil li (hot); co (place).

Atzacan. [Place of confined water.] Composed of a tl (water); tza cua (to confine); can (place).

Auchpanco. [In the acqueduct—i.e., road of water.] Compounded of a tl (water); ochpan tli (highroad); co (place, in).

Axocopan. [In the sour water.] Compounded of a tl (water); xoco c (something sour); pan (place, in).

Ayotlan. [Where turtles abound.] Compounded of ayo tl (turtle); tlan (place of abundance).

Ayotochco. [Place of armadillos.] Compounded of ayotoch tl (armadillo); co (place).

Ayotochcuitlatla. [Where armadillo excrement abounds.] Compounded of ayotoch tl (armadillo); cuitla tl (excrement); tla (place of abundance).

Ayotzintepec. [Place of the little calabashes.] Compounded of ayo tli (calabash); tzin, a diminutive particle; tepe tl (mountain); c (in, where). Tepec may [Pg 6] often be rendered place . Some authors make this name, “place of little turtles,” from ayotl (turtle).

Ayoxochiapan. [At the river of calabash flowers.] Compounded of ayo tli (calabash); xochi tl (flower); a tl (water, river); pan (place).

Azcaputzalco. [In the ant-hill.] Compounded of azca tl (ant); potzal li (earth heaped up); co (in, place).

Aztaquemecan. [Place of capes of white heron feathers.] Compounded of azta tl (white heron); quemi tl (feather cape); can (place).

Aztoapan. [In the water of the white herons.] Compounded of azta tl (white heron); a tl (water); pan (in).

Cacalomacan. [Where they take crows.] Compounded of cacalo tl (crow); ma itl (hand); can (where).

Calimayan. [Place where they make houses.] Compounded of cal li (house); mai tl (hand); a yan (where something is made), a verbal in yan of the verb ay, to make. The a of ma and the initial of ayan are reduced to one.

Caltepec. [In the mountain of houses.] Compounded of cal li (house); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Calyahualco. [Place surrounded by houses.] Compounded of cal li (house); yahual li (a circular object); co (place, in).

Camotlan. [Where there is abundance of sweet potatoes.] Compounded of camo tl (sweet potato); tlan (where is abundance).

Capulapan. [In the irrigated place where capulins grow.] Compounded of capul in , a kind of fruit tree; a tl (water); pan (place).

Centzontepec. [In the four hundred mountains.] Compounded of centzon tli (four hundred, many); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Cihuateopan. [In the temple of Cihuacoatl.] Compounded of cihua tl (woman), here by antonomasia used for the goddess Cihuacoatl; teopan (temple).

Cihuatlan. [Where are many women.] Compounded of cihua tl (woman); tlan (where is abundance).

Cilla. [Where are many snail shells.] Compounded of cil in (a snail shell); t la (abundance). The t is dropped, when coming between ll.

Citlaltepec. [In the mountain of the star.] Compounded of citlal in (star); tepe tl (mountain); c (in). The volcano Citlaltepec is now known as Orizaba.

Coacalco. [Place of the house of the snake.] Compounded of coa tl (snake); cal li (house); co (place).

Coaixtlahuacan. [In the plain of snakes.] Compounded of coa tl (snake); ixtlahua ca (plain, level expanse); can (place).

Coatepec. [In the mountain of snakes.] Compounded of coa tl (snake); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Coatlan. [Where is abundance of snakes.] Compounded of coa tl (snake); tlan (where is abundance).

Cocotlan. [Place of doves.] Compounded of coco tli (dove); tlan (place).

Colhuacan. [Place of the Colhuas.] Compounded of Colhua, a tribal name; can (place). Place of those who adore Coltzin (the bent, curved, or twisted god); col tic (twisted); tzin, reverential particle; hua, holding or possessing; can (place). Robelo, Dist. Fed. pp. 56-73 gives long discussion.

[Pg 7]

Coliman. [Place where Colhuas were captured.] Compounded of Colhua, a tribal name; mai tl (hand); n (place).

Comaltepec. [In the mountain of griddles.] Compounded of comal li (earthen griddle); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Comitlan. [Place of making pots.] Compounded of comi tl (pot); tlan (place, abundance).

Coyohuacan. [Place where are coyotes.] Compounded of coyo tl (coyote); hua, possessive particle; can (where). Robelo suggests—Coyohuacca [Place of the lean coyote.] Compounded of coyo tl (coyote); huac qui (lean); can (place).

Coyolapan. [In the water which tinkles.] Compounded of coyol li (=coyulli, bell); a tl (water); pan (in, place).

Cozamaloapan. [In the water of the cuzamatl.] Compounded of cuzamatl (=cuzatli, a species of mustela); a tl (water, river); pan (place, in).

Cozohuipilecan. [Place of owners of protective tunics.] Compounded of cozo (from cozauhqui, a yellow thing); huipile (owner of a hiupil or skirt); can (place).

Cuahuacan. [Place where they have trees.] Compounded of cuauh uitl (tree); hua, a possessive particle; can (place).

Cuahuitlixco. [Place at the edge of the woods.] Better Cuauhtlixco. Composed of cuauhtl a (wood, groved); ixco (before, in front of, at the edge or on the surface).

Cualac. [Where there is good water.] Compounded of qual li (good); a tl (water); c (in, where). Better Qualac.

Cuatzontepec. [In the mountain of the tresses.] Compounded of cuatzon tli (=quautzuntli, a tress of hair); tepe tl (mountain); c (in). The hieroglyph is double. Cuatzontepec of Cuatzontlan.

Cuauhnahuac. [Near the grove.] Compounded of cuauh tla (grove); nahuac (near). This name has become Cuernavaca.

Cuauhquecholan. [Where there are eagles of rich plumage.] Compounded of cuauh tli (eagle); quechol li (rich); tlan (in, where, abundance).

Cuauhquemecan. [Where they have capes of eagle feathers.] Compounded of cuauh tli (eagle); quem itl (feather cape); e, a possessive particle; can (in, where).

Cuauhtecomatlan. [Place of cuauhtecomates.] Compounded of cuauhtecoma tl (the crescentia, a tree the gourdlike fruits of which are made into vessels); tlan (place).

Cuauhtecomatzinco. [Where are the little cuauhtecomates.] (See preceding.)

Cuauhtitlan. [Among the trees.] Compounded of cuauh tl (tree); titlan (among).

Cuauhtlan. [Where eagles abound.] Compounded of cuauh tli (eagle); tlan (abundance, where). Might be where trees abound from cuauh tl (tree); tlan—but the hieroglyph gives preference to the first.

Cuauhtochco. [In the place of the mountain cats.] Compounded of cuauh tl (tree); oco toch tli (lynx); co (place, in).

Cuauhxayacatitlan. [Where are many wooden masks.] Compounded of cuauh tl (tree, wood); xayaca tl (mask); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place of abundance).

[Pg 8]

Cuauhxilotitlan. [Place of cuauhxilotl.] Composed of cuauhxilo tl (=cuajilote, an edible plant, species of Parminteria); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Cuauhximalpan. [Among the chips.] Compounded of cuauhximal li (chip); pan (in, where).

Cuezcomahuacan. [Where there are granaries.] Compounded of cuezcoma tl (granary); ti, a euphonic particle; can (place).

Cuezcomatitlan. [Where are many granaries.] Compounded of cuezcoma tl (granary); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place of).

Cuicatlan. [Place of song.] Compounded of cuica tl (song); tlan (place of).

Cuitlapan. [Place of excrement.] Compounded of cuitla tl (excrement); pan (in, place).

Chalco. [Place of the Chalcas.] Compounded of Chal ca , a tribal name; co (place). This etymology is doubtful.

Chalco-Atenco. Compound name. See Chalco and Atenco.

Chichicuauhtla. [Where are many chichicuauhtl.] Compounded of chichi c (bitter); cuahui tl (tree); tla (abundance). The “bitter-tree,” chichiquauhuitl, is described by Hernandez.

Chiconquiauchco. [Place of seven rains.] Compounded of chicom e (seven); quiah uitl (rain); co (place). Probably chiconquiauhuitl should here be considered as a date. Robelo says only twenty (cempoalli) and four hundred (centzontli) are used in Aztec as hyperbolic numerals.

Chilapan. [In the water of the peppers.] Compounded of chil li (pepper); a tl (water); pan (in).

Chiltecpintla. [Where are many of the little red peppers.] Compounded of chiltecpin tli (small and very sharp red pepper); tla (abundance).

Chimalpan. [Place of shields.] Compounded of chimal li (shield); pan (place, in).

Chipetlan. [Place of Xipe.] Compounded of Xipe (=Totec, “frightful and terrible Lord”); tlan (place).

Ehecatepec. [In the mountain of Ehecatl.] Compounded of Eheca tl (god of the winds); tepe tl (mountain); c (in, place).

Ehecatlapechco. [Place of the altar of Ehecatl.] Compounded of Eheca tl (god of the wind); tlapech tli (altar, stretcher); co (place).

Ehuacalco. [In the furrier’s shop.] Compounded of ehua yotl (skin, fur); cal li (house); co (place).

Epatlan. [Where there are fox whelps.] Compounded of epa tl (fox whelp); tlan (place).

Etlan. [Place of frijoles.] Compounded of e tl (frijol, bean); tlan (place).

Huaxtepec. [Where there is huaxin.] Compounded of huax in (a tree of the family Leguminosae ); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Huaxyacac. [In the promontory where is huaxin.] Compounded of huax in (as above); yaca tl (nose, projection, promontory); c (in).

Huehuetlan. [Place of the old god.] Compounded of huehue (old man); tlan (place). Because in the hieroglyphs heads are constantly deities, Peñafiel assumes huehue stands for Huehueteotl.

[Pg 9]

Hueipochtla. [Place of the great Opochtli.] Compounded of huey (great); O poch tli (god of fishing); tla n (place).

Hueyapan. [Seaport.] Compounded of hueia tl (the great water, sea); pan (in, place).

Huilotepec. [In the place where are doves.] Compounded of huilo tl (dove); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Huitzannaola. [Where are many spiny pineapples.] Compounds of huiz tli (spine, thorn); anno na (pineapple); t la, (abundance).

Huitzilapan. [Place of humming birds.] Compounded of huitzitzil in (humming bird); a tl (water); pan (place).

Huitzilopuchco. [Place of Huitzilopochtli.] Compounded of Huitzilopoch tli (the great god of the Aztecs); co (place).

Huitznahuac. [The thing surrounded by thorns.] Compounded of huitz tli (thorn); nahuac (around). The hieroglyph shows double use of this word, which in Spanish is biznaga, a kind of cactus. Huitznahuac-teopan and Huitznahuac-calli = Huitzcalco.

Huitztlan. [Place of thorns.] Compounded of huitz tli (thorn); tlan (place of).

Huixachtitlan. [Place of huizaches.] Compounded of huixach in (a species of acacia or mimosa); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Icpatepec. [Above the mountain.] Compounded of icpa c (above); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Itzamatitlan. [Place of writers.] Compounded of itz tli (obsidian splinter); ama tl (paper); ti, euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Itzcuintepec. [In the place of the dog.] Compounded of ixtcuin tl (dog); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Itzihuquilyocan. [Place where plants of indigo abound.] Compounded of itz tli (obsidian); xihuquili tl (indigo); yocan (place of abundance). Has this indigo leaves shaped like flint knives?

Itzocan. [Place where they paint or stain the face.] Compounded of itzoca (to have the face dirty); n (place).

Itztlan. [Place of obsidian.] Compounded of itz tli (obsidian); tlan (place).

Ixcoyamec. [In the plain of the peccaries.] Compounded of ixco (surface, edge, level); coyame tl (wild pig); c (in).

Iztacalco. [In the house of salt.] Compounded of izta tl (salt); cal li (house); co (place, in). Where salt is made.

Iztatlan. [Place of salt.] Compounded of izta tl (salt); tlan (place).

Macuilxochic. [In the five flowers.] Compounded of macuil li (five); xochi tl (flower); c (in, place).

Malinalco. [Place of malinalli.] Compounded of malinal li (a fibre-plant); co (place). Robelo suggests Malinalxochoco, where they adore Malinalxochitl. She was the sister of Huitzilopochtl.

Mamalhuaztepec. [In the mountain of the fire sticks.] Compounded of mamalhuaz tli (fire-stick); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Mapachtepec. [Where there are mapachi.] Compounded of mapach i (a sort of raccoon); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

[Pg 10]

Matlatlan. [Place of nets.] Compounded of matla tl (net); tlan (place).

Mazatlan. [Place of deer.] Compounded of maza tl (deer); tlan (place).

Metepec. [In the mountain of magueys.] Compounded of me tl (maguey); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Miacatla. [Where there are canes for arrows.] Compounded of mi tl (arrow); aca tl (cane); tla (abundance).

Mictlan. [Place of the dead.] Mictlan (dead).

Michapan. [In the river of fishes.] Compounded of mich in (fish); a tl (water, river); pan (in, place).

Michmaloyan. [Place where they fish.] Compounded of mich in (fish); mal li (captured); yan, a verbal ending.

Mixcoac. [Place of the cloud snake.] Compounded of mix tli (cloud); coa tl (snake); c (in, place).

Mizquitlan. [Place of mesquites.] Compounded of mizqui tl (mesquite); tlan (place).

Molotla. [Where sparrows abound.] Compounded of molo tl (sparrow); tla (abundance).

Nacochtlan. [Where are ear ornaments.] Compounded of nacoch tli (an ear ornament); tlan (place).

Nochtepec. [In the mountain of cactus.] Compounded of noch tli (cactus); tepe tl (mountains); c (in).

Nopalla. [Where nopals abound.] Compounded of nopal li (a cactus); tla (abundance). The t is dropped between ll.

Ocelotepec. [In the mountain of ocelots.] Compounded of ocelo tl (a feline animal); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Ocotepec. [In the mountain of pines.] Compounded of oco tl (pine); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Octlan. [Place of pulque.] Compounded of oc tli (pulque); tlan (place).

Ocuilan. [Where worms abound.] Compounded of ocuil in (worm, maggot); tlan (place of). The t is dropped between ll.

Olac. [In the black water.] Compounded of ol in (black); a tl (water); c (in). It belongs to Xochimilco, as the hieroglyph shows.

Olinalan. [In the place of movement, i.e., earthquakes.] Compounded of olin (movement, earthquake); tl al li (earth); tl an (place).

Olintepec. [In the mountain of earthquakes.] Compounded of olin (earthquake); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Otlatitlan. [Among the canes.] Compounded of otla tl (cane, bambu); titlan (among).

Otonpan. [Where Otomi live.] Compounded of Otom itl , a tribal name; pan (in, place).

Oxitipan. [In the place where they prepare oxitl.] Compounded of oxi tl (a black unguent); ti, a euphonic particle; pan (place, in).

Oxitlan. [Where there is oxitl.] Compounded of oxi tl (a black unguent); tlan (place).

Oztoticpac. [Above the cave.] Compounded of oztot l (cave); icpac (above).

[Pg 11]

Pantepec. [In the mountain of the flag.] Compounded of pan tli (flag); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Petlatlan. [Place of mats.] Compounded of petla tl (mat); tlan (place).

Pipioltepec. [In the place of the mountain bees.] Compounded of pipiol in (a honey-making mountain bee); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Poctepec. [In the mountain of smoke.] Compounded of poc tli (smoke); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Poctlan. [Place of smoke.] Compounded of poc tli (smoke); tlan (place of).

Popotlan. [Place of popote.] Compounded of popo tl (a sort of grass); tlan (place).

Quetzallan. [Place of quetzals.] Compounded of quetzal li (a bird of brilliant plumage); tlan (place of). The t is dropped between ll.

Quetzalmacan. [Where they capture quetzals.] Compounded of quetzal li (a bird of brilliant plumage); ma itl (hand); can (where).

Quetzaloztoc. [In the cave of quetzals.] Compounded of quetzal li (quetzal); ozto tl (cave); c (in).

Quetzaltepec. [In the mountain of quetzals.] Compounded of quetzal lin (quetzal); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Quimichtepec. [In the mountain of quimichins.] Compounded of quimich in (a kind of rat-like animal); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Quiyauhteopan. [Temple of the rain.] Compounded of quiyahu itl (rain); teopan (temple).

Tamazolapan. [Where there are toads.] Compounded of tamazol lin (toad); a tl (water, river); pan (where).

Tamuoc. [The name is Huaxtec; meaning not considered.] The Aztec hieroglyph is phonetic—tama chia (to measure something); o tli (a road); c (place, in).

Teacalco. [Place of stone canoes.] Compounded of te tl (stone); acal li (canoe); co (place).

Tecalco. [Place of stone houses.] Compounded of te tl (stone); cal li (house); co (place).

Tecamachalco. [Place of the stone jaw.] Compounded of te tl (stone); camachal li (jaw); co (place).

Teciuhtlan. [Place of stone-rain.] Compounded of tecihu itl (hail, or volcanic cinders— lit. stone-rain); tlan (place).

Tecmilco. [Fields belonging to the government.] Compounded of tec pan (the official building); mil li (field); co (place).

Tecoloapan. [Where there are owls.] Compounded of tecolo tl (owl); a tl (water, river); pan (place).

Tecozauhtla. [Where yellow ochre abounds.] Compounded of tecozauh uitl (yellow ochre); tla (abundance).

Tecpatepec. [In the mountain of flints.] Compounded of tecpa tl (flint, flint knife); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Tecpatzinco. [Where are small flints.] Compounded of tecpa tl (flint, flint knife); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (place).

[Pg 12]

Tecualoyan. [Where fierce beasts prey.] Compounded of tecua ni (=tequani fierce beast); yan, a verbal termination.

Tecuantepec. [In the mountain of wild beasts.] Compounded of tecuan i (wild beast); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Tehuitzco. [Place of the rocky place of sharp stones.] Compounded of te tl (stone); huitz tli (thorn, spine); co (place). Robelo suggests tehuitz tli , a tree with spines as hard as stones; co (place).

Temazcalapan. [In the water of the sweat-baths.] Compounded of temascal li (sweat-bath); a tl (water); pan (in, place).

Temohuacan. [Where all go down.] Compounded of temo a (to descend, to go down); can (place).

Tenanco. [Walled place.] Compounded of tenam itl (wall); co (in, place).

Tenantzinco. [Place of small walls.] Compounded of tenam itl (wall); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (in, place).

Teoatzinco. [Place of the sacred water.] Compounded of teo tl (god); a tl (water); tzin, a diminutive or reverential particle; co (place).

Teocalhueyac. [In the high or upreared temple.] Compounded of teocal li (temple); hueyac (high, prolonged).

Teocaltzinco. [Place of the small temple.] Compounded of teocal li (temple); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (place).

Teocuitlatlan. [Where there is gold.] Compounded of teocuitla tl (gold—i.e., divine excrement, from teotl, god and cuitlatl, excrement); tlan (place of).

Teochiapan. [Where is the sacred chia.] Compounded of teo tl (god, hence sacred or dedicated to religion); chia (a species of salvia); pan (place).

Teonochtitlan. [Where there are sacred nopalli i.e., nopals, or cacti belonging to temple properties.] Compounded of teo tl (god); noch tli , a cactus; ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Teopantepec. [In the mountain of the temple.] Compounded of teopan tli (temple); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Teotenanco. [Place of the sacred enclosure or wall.] Compounded of teo tl (god); tenami tl (wall); co (place).

Teotlalpan. [Place of the divine lands.] Compounded of teo tl (god); tlal li (land, earth); pan (in, place).

Teotliztacan. [Place of the white deity.] Compounded of teo tl (god); izta c (white); can (place). The white deity may be Iztaccihuatl.

Tepechpan. [In the rocks.] Compounded of tepex itl (rocks); pan (in, place).

Tepemaxalco. [In the divided mountain.] Compounded of tepe tl (mountain); maxal tic (a thing divided or cleft); co (in, place).

Tepetitlan. [Place of mountains.] Compounded of tepe tl (mountain); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place, in).

Tepetlacalco. [Place of the houses of tepetate.] Compounded of tepetla tl (tepetate, a kind of lava); cal li (house); co (place, in).

Tepetlaoztoc. [In the tepetate cave.] Compounded of tepetla tl (tepetate); ozto tl (cave); c (in).

Tepetlapa. [In the tepetate.] Compounded of tepetla tl (tepetate); pa (in).

[Pg 13]

Tepeyacac. [At the end of the mountains.] Compounded of tepe tl (mountain); yaca tl (nose, point, end or beginning); c (in). This is the place of the apparition of “Our Lady of Guadalupe.”

Tepoztitlan. [Place of copper.] Compounded of tepoz tli (copper); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Tepuzcululan. [Place where copper is wrought.] Compounded of tepoz tli (= tepuztli, copper); colo a (to bend); t lan (place).

Tepuztlan. [Place of copper.] Composed of tepoz tli (= tepuztli, copper); tlan (place).

Tequemecan. [Place of stony lands.] Compounded of te tl (stone); cuemitl (inheritance, worked land); can (place).

Tetenanco. [Where is the stone wall.] Compounded of te tl (stone); tenami tl (wall); co (place).

Tetepanco. [Place where are walls of others.] Compounded of te (of some one, of another); tepan tli (wall); co (place).

Teteuhtepec. [Place of many gods.] Compounded of teteu ( pl. of teotl, god); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Tetlapanaloyan. [Place where they break stones—i.e., a quarry.] Compounded of te tl (stone); tlapanalo, from tlapana (to break); yan (place in which the action of the verb takes place).

Tetzapotitlan. [Place of zapotes.] Compounded of te tl (stone); tzapo tl (zapote, a fruit); tlan (place).

Texcoco. [Place of rock fruits.] Compounded of te tl (stone); xoco tl (fruit trees); co (place, in).

Texopan. [Blue place.] Compounded of texo tli (blue); pan (in, place).

Tezcacoac. [Place of the snake-mirror.] Compounded of tezca tl (mirror); coa tl (snake); c (in, place). The snake-mirror, or mirror-snake may be the god Tezcacoac.

Tezcatepec. [In the mountain of the mirrors.] Compounded of tezca tl (mirror); tepe tl (mountain); co (place).

Tizatepec. [In the mountain of white dust.] Compounded of tiza tl (white infusorial earth); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Tizayocan. [Place where tiza is prepared.] Compounded of tizayo a (verbal from tiza tl ); can (place where).

Tlaahuililpan. [In the watered gardens.] Compounded of tlaauilil li (watered garden); pan (place, in).

Tlacotlala. [Where is abundance of potter’s clay.] Compounded of tlaco tl (jar); tlal li (earth); tl a (abundance).

Tlacozauhtitlan. [Place of yellow earth.] Compounded of tlal li (earth); cozauh i (yellow); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Tlachco. [Place of ball-play.] Compounded of tlach tli (ball-play); co (place).

Tlachmalacac. [Uncertain meaning.] It is represented, perhaps phonetically by tlach tli (a ball-ground); malaca tl (a spindle); c (in, place).

Tlachquiauhco. [Ball-ground dedicated to Tlaloc?] Compounded of tlach tli (ball-ground); quiahu itl (rain); co (place). [Pg 14]

Tlachyahualco. [Place surrounded by ball-play yards.] Compounded of tlach tli (ball-play); yahual li (a circular object); co (place).

Tlalatlauhco. [Where is a great barranca.] Compounded of tlal li (land); atlauh tli (great barranca, ravine); co (place).

Tlaltizapan. [In the field or land of tiza.] Compounded of tlal li (land); tiza tl (tiza, white, infusorial earth); pan (in, place).

Tlaollan. [Place of husked and dried maize.] Compounded of tlaol li (maize husked and dried); tlan (place).

Tlapacoyan. [Place where they dye stuffs.] Compounded of a verbal from tlapa (to dye); yan (place).

Tlapan. [Over the earth.] Compounded of tlal li (earth); pan (in, over, place).

Tlatlachco. [Place of the earthen ball-ground.] Compounded of tlal li (earth); tlach tli (ball-ground); co (place).

Tlatlauhquitepec. [In the red mountain.] Compounded of tlatlauhqui (red); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Tlaximaloyan. [Where carpentering is done.] Compounded of tlaxima (to carpenter); oyan, verbal ending. The word is originally Tarascan and the Aztec form is based not upon the sense, but upon an approximation to sound. The Tarascan name is Taximaroa.

Tliltepec. [In the black mountain.] Compounded of tlil li (black); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Tochtepec. [In the mountain of rabbits.] Compounded of toch tli (rabbit); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Toliman. [Where they gather tules.] Compounded of tol lin (tule, a marsh grass or rush); man i (active participle of the verb ma, to take with the hand).

Tollan. [Place of tule.] Compounded of tol lin (tule); tlan (place).

Toltitlan. [Among the tules.] Compounded of tol lin (tule); titlan (among). So Robelo—de la Rosa would consider the ti simply euphonic and the meaning would be the same as the last.

Tonanitla. [Where Tonantzin is venerated.] Compounded of Tonan tzin (“Our Mother,” an Aztec deity); ti, a euphonic particle; tla n (where, near).

Tonatiuhco. [Place of the sun.] Compounded of Tonatiuh (sun); co (place).

Totoltzinco. [Place of little water-hens.] Compounded of totol in (a kind of water-hen); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (place).

Tototepec. [In the mountain of birds.] Compounded of toto tl (bird); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Tototlan. [Near the birds.] Compounded of toto tl (bird); tlan (place, near).

Toztlan. [Place of tuzas.] Compounded of tuz an (tuza, a small burrowing animal); tlan (place, within).

Tuchpan. [Where there are rabbits.] Compounded of toch tli (rabbit); pan (place).

Tuchtlan. [Place of rabbits.] Compounded of toch tli (rabbit); tlan (place).

Tulantzinco. [Place of the small tules.] Compounded of tol lin (tule, a sort of marsh grass or reed); tzin, diminutive particle; co (place).

Tlayacac. [In the first place.] Compounded of tlayaca tl (first); c (in).

[Pg 15]

Tlayacapan. [In the first place.] Compounded of tlayaca tl (first); pan (place, in).

Tzapotlan. [Place of zapotes.] Compounded of tzapo tl (zapote, a kind of fruit); tlan (place).

Tzayanalquilpan. [In the place of tzatzayanalquiltic—or coaquiltic.] Compounded of tza tzayanalquil tic (a plant described under this name in Hernandez); pan (place, in).

Tzinacanoztoc. [In the cave of bats.] Compounded of tzinacan (bat); ozto tl (cave); c (in).

Tzinacantepec. [In the mountain of bats.] Compounded of tzinacan (bat); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Tzinacantlan. [Where are bats.] Compounded of tzinacan (bat); tlan (place).

Tzompanhuacan. [Place where they have a tzompantli.] Compounded of tzompan tli (a frame upon which skulls of sacrificial victims were displayed); hua, a possessive particle; can (place).

Xalan. [Place of sand.] Compounded of xal li (sand); t lan (place, near). Should be Xallan.

Xalac. [In the sandy water.] Compounded of xal li (sand); a tl (water); c (in). Should be Xallac.

Xalapan. [Place of sandy water.] Compounded of xal li (sand); a tl (water); pan (place, in).

Xaloztoc. [In the cave of sand.] Compounded of xal li (sand); ozto tl (cave); c (in).

Xaltepec. [In the sand mountain.] Compounded of xal li (sand); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Xico. [In the umbilicus.] Compounded of xic otli (umbilicus); co (place, in).

Xicochimalco. [Place of honeycombs.] Compounded of xicochimal li (honey comb, cells); co (place).

Xilotepec. [In the mountain of ears of maize.] Compounded of xilo tl (jilote, an ear of corn); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Xilotzinco. [Place of small ears of maize.] Compounded of xilo tl (ear of corn); tzin, diminutive particle; co (place).

Xiuhcoac. [In the place of the turquoise snake.] Compounded of xiu itl (turquoise); coa tl (snake); c (in).

Xiuhteczacatlan. [Zacatlan of Xiuhtecutli—i.e., consecrated to fire.] Compounded of Xiuhtec utli (Lord of the year); zaca tl (straw); tlan (place).

Xiuhtepec. [In the turquoise mountain.] Compounded of xiu itl (turquoise), tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Xiuhuacan. [Place where they have turquoises.] Compounded of xiu itl ; hua, a possessive particle; can (place).

Xoconochco. [Place of the fruiting nopals.] Compounded of xoco tl (fruit); noch tli (a cactus, the nopal); co (place).

Xocotla. [Where is abundance of fruit.] Compounded of xoco tl (fruit); tla (abundance).

Xochimilcatzinco. [The little Xochimilco.] Compounded of Xochimilco (which see); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (place).

[Pg 16]

Xochimilco. [Place of fields of flowers.] Compounded of xochi tl (flower); mil li (field); co (place).

Xochitepec. [In the mountain of flowers.] Compounded of xochi tl (flower); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Xochitla. [Where flowers abound.] Compounded of xochi tl (flower); tla (abundance).

Xolochauhyan. [Where they live long.] Compounded of xolochah ui (to be wrinkled with age); yan, a verbal ending.

Xometzoyocan. [Place where they gather metzollin fruit.] Compounded of xo cotl (fruit); metzo llin (= comitl, a plant described by Hernandez); yoca tia (to take possession of something); n (place).

Xoyoltepec. [Place of xocoyolli.] Compounded of xocoyol li (a species of rumex); tepe tl (mountain); c (place, in).

Yaunahuac. [Near, or surrounded, by yauhtli.] Compounded of yau htli (a plant with medicinal properties and ceremonial uses); nahuac (near, surrounded by).

Yoalan. [Where night falls early.] Compounded of yoal li (night); tlan (place). Better written Yoallan.

Zacatepec. [In the mountain of zacate.] Compounded of zaca tl (straw); tepe tl (mountain); c (in).

Zola. [Place of zolin.] Compounded of zol in (=zulin, a kind of bird); tl a (abundance).

Zoquitzinco. [Place of little mud.] Compounded of zoqui tl (mud); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (place).